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DESTINATION OVERVIEW: Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan lies landlocked within the folds of the mighty Himalayas. This has given
rise to names for Bhutan such as ‘hidden treasure’ or ‘the last Shangri-La’.
Bhutan’s unique topography has also ensured that large parts of the landscape remain
untouched. Much of the country is protected by law. Snow and high winds dominate in the
mountainous north, while rivers and broadleaf forests define Bhutan’s valleys. The sub-tropical
strip in the south has tropical vegetation and plains where rice is grown.
It is thought that the region was inhabited as early as 1500 BC. Buddhism was introduced in the
7th century, and remains the state religion in Bhutan, with every household in Bhutan containing
a ‘choeshum’ (a shrine room devoted to prayers and offerings). Many of the country’s sightseeing
highlights are found in its religious architecture - temples and ‘dzongs’ which also function as
administrational centres.
Interlaced with its religion are Bhutan’s rich cultural heritage, folklore and history. People still wear
traditional national dress: men wear ‘gho’, a heavy knee-length robe tied with a belt, whilst women
wear ‘kira’, which is an ankle-length dress worn over a blouse and tied up with a brooch. Spirits,
manifestations, medicine men, yetis and reincarnation are all aspects of daily life here.
Unsurprisingly, tourism came late to Bhutan, with the borders opening to foreign visitors as
recently as 1974. Even now Bhutan only sees around 35,000 visitors each year. The government
strives to balance openness while protecting the natural environment with a daily tourist tax
(currently US$65 per day), which is paid in order to offset any environmental impact.
Popular activities in Bhutan include walking, trekking, mountain-biking and whitewater rafting with
terrain ranging from pine-clad hillsides to rocky outcrops, and trails incorporating traditional
villages, monasteries and striking views. The national sport of archery is practised all over the
country, with high-spirited, colourful contests. The archery fields are known as ‘Bha Cho’.
Shopping in Bhutan is centred around handicrafts such as carpets, jewellery, bamboo bowls,
masks, silver, wooden products, textiles and handmade paper. Bhutan is also famous for its
stamps. Beautiful stamp collections (presented in books) make fantastic souvenirs.
Eating out in Bhutan is erratic and often there will be no formal menu. The national dish ‘ema
daste’ consists of large chillies, served in a cheese sauce. Another favourite is ‘phak sha
laphu’— stewed pork served with radishes. Although Bhutan is a Buddhist country it is not
vegetarian. Traditional snacks, with a Tibetan influence, are ‘momos’. These are small dumplings
filled with meat or cheese. It is also common to find noodle dishes. Buckwheat, a dish favoured
in the Bumthang Valley, is a staple and the locally grown red rice, favoured by the Bhutanese
people, has a pleasant nutty flavor.