In Cyprus, in circumstances requiring immediate action the government can adopt
ordinances strictly connected with the state of emergency, subject to a right of
veto, separately or jointly, by the President and Vice President.
In some countries, the term of the legislative assemblies is extended during the
emergency period: Italy (in a state of war), Germany (in a state of defence),
Turkey (in a state of war), Poland, Lithuania (in a state of war), Slovenia, Hungary
and Canada (if more than one-third of deputies do not oppose it). In many
countries (Germany, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Poland, Hungary, Russia and
Croatia) the dissolution of parliament during the period of emergency is
prohibited.
In some cases, the establishment of military tribunals is specifically prohibited by
the constitution (Russia). In others, military tribunals may be established,
particularly in times of war. In Italy, in war-time the army judges have the
jurisdiction provided for by special statutes to deal with military crimes committed
by members of the army, but also with other crimes. Only the military war laws
can provide for the death penalty. The right of appeal against the decisions of
army judges to the Cassation Court may be suspended during the state of war. In
Spain, the resolution of the Congress of Deputies declaring a state of siege also
determines which crimes fall under military jurisdiction. However, this does not
imply a broad assumption of judicial power on the part of military courts, nor the
possibility of establishing courts martial, courts of exception being specifically
prohibited by the Constitution. In Romania, the creation of special courts is
forbidden under the Constitution. In Greece, in a state of siege the military
tribunals become competent to try cases involving a number of crimes,
particularly insubordination to the orders of military authorities, as well as crimes
committed against the security of the State, the democratic regime and public
order.