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Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
A companion guide to the Secondary Energy Infobook that includes activities to reinforce general energy
information, energy sources, electricity, and conservation.
Science
Grade Level:
Subject Areas:
Language Arts
Social Studies
Pri
Ele
I
nt
Sec
Secondary
2015-2016
2 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Printed on Recycled Paper
NEED Mission Statement
The mission of The NEED Project is to promote an energy
conscious and educated society by creating eective
networks of students, educators, business, government and
community leaders to design and deliver objective, multi-
sided energy education programs.
Teacher Advisory Board Statement
In support of NEED, the national Teacher Advisory Board
(TAB) is dedicated to developing and promoting standards-
based energy curriculum and training.
Permission to Copy
NEED materials may be reproduced for non-commercial
educational purposes.
Energy Data Used in NEED Materials
NEED believes in providing the most recently reported
energy data available to our teachers and students.
Most statistics and data are derived from the U.S. Energy
Information Administration’s Annual Energy Review that
is published yearly. Working in partnership with EIA,
NEED includes easy to understand data in our curriculum
materials. To do further research, visit the EIA website at
www.eia.gov. EIA’s Energy Kids site has great lessons and
activities for students at www.eia.gov/kids.
1.800.875.5029
www.NEED.org
© 2015
Teacher Advisory Board
Shelly Baumann
Rockford, MI
Constance Beatty
Kankakee, IL
Amy Constant
Raleigh, NC
Nina Corley
Galveston, TX
Regina Donour
Whitesburg, KY
Linda Fonner
New Martinsville, WV
Samantha Forbes
Vienna, VA
Michelle Garlick
Viola Henry
Thaxton, VA
Bob Hodash
DaNel Hogan
Tucson, AZ
Greg Holman
Paradise, CA
Linda Hutton
Kitty Hawk, NC
Matthew Inman
Spokane, WA
Barbara Lazar
Albuquerque, NM
Robert Lazar
Albuquerque, NM
Leslie Lively
Porters Falls, WV
Jennifer Winterbottom
Pottstown, PA
Mollie Mukhamedov
Port St. Lucie, FL
Don Pruett Jr.
Sumner, WA
Josh Rubin
Palo Alto, CA
Joanne Spaziano
Cranston, RI
Gina Spencer
Virginia Beach, VA
Tom Spencer
Chesapeake, VA
Jennifer Trochez
MacLean
Los Angeles, CA
Joanne Trombley
West Chester, PA
Carolyn Wuest
Pensacola, FL
Wayne Yonkelowitz
Fayetteville, WV
Jen Varrella
Fort Collins, CO
Robert Griegoliet
Naperville, IL
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 3
Table of Contents
Standards Correlation Information 4
Teacher Guide 5
Renewable Energy Bingo Instructions 6
Forms of Energy 8
Sources of Energy Worksheets 9
Renewables and Nonrenewables 14
How We Use Our Energy Sources 15
Energy Source Puzzle 16
Electricity 17
Electricity Crossword 18
Electric Power Generation 19
Famous Names in Electricity 20
Electric Math 20
Transporting Electricity 21
Measuring Electricity 22
Renewable Energy Bingo 23
Answer Keys 24
Evaluation Form 35
Secondary Energy
Infobook Activities
e
NEED Curriculum Resources
For more in-depth information, inquiry
investigations, and engaging activities,
download these curriculum resources from
www.NEED.org:
Secondary Science of Energy
Secondary Energy Infobook
Energy Flows
4 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Standards Correlation Information
www.NEED.org/curriculumcorrelations
Next Generation Science Standards
This guide eectively supports many Next Generation Science Standards. This material can satisfy performance expectations,
science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and cross cutting concepts within your required curriculum. For more
details on these correlations, please visit NEED’s curriculum correlations website.
Common Core State Standards
This guide has been correlated to the Common Core State Standards in both language arts and mathematics. These correlations
are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED curriculum correlations
website.
Individual State Science Standards
This guide has been correlated to each state’s individual science standards. These correlations are broken down by grade level
and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED website.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 5
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Teacher Guide
&Background
Secondary Energy Infobook Activities is a series of student worksheets designed to reinforce the
vocabulary and concepts in the Secondary Energy Infobook. You can download the Secondary
Energy Infobook or specic energy fact sheets from www.NEED.org.
2Preparation
Decide which fact sheets and worksheets you will use with your class.
Obtain a class set of Secondary Energy Infobooks or make copies of the fact sheets you plan to use.
Make copies of the student worksheets you plan to use from this guide.
Procedure
1. Distribute one Secondary Energy Infobook or the selected fact sheets and worksheets to each
student. Also pass out the worksheets you want them to complete.
2. Have the students read the selected fact sheets. Discuss the concepts and new vocabulary in
the fact sheets.
3. Have the students complete the selected worksheets. These worksheets reinforce and synthesize
the information in the Secondary Energy Infobook. Worksheets include:
Forms of Energy, page 8
Sources of energy worksheets, pages 9–16
Electricity worksheets, pages 17–22
4. Answer keys for activities can be found on pages 24-33.
5. As an extension, play Renewable Energy Bingo as a class. Instructions can be found on page 6 and
the student worksheet can be found on page 23.
6. Use the Evaluation Form on page 35 to evaluate the activities.
Grade Level
Secondary, grades 9-12
Time
Approximately 30 minutes per
topic for the students to read the
selected fact sheet and complete
the associated worksheets.
Additional Resources
The Secondary Energy Infobook
can be downloaded as an
e-publication for easy use on
tablets or interactive boards.
Many other NEED activities also
reinforce and synthesize the
information in the infobooks,
such as Energy Jeopardy, Great
Energy Debate, Mission Possible,
and Energy Enigma.
6 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Get Ready
Duplicate as many Renewable Energy Bingo sheets (found on page 23) as needed for each person in
your group. In addition, decide now if you want to give the winner of your game a prize and what
the prize will be.
Get Set
Pass out one Renewable Energy Bingo sheet to each member of the group.
Go
PART ONE: FILLING IN THE BINGO SHEETS
Give the group the following instructions to create bingo cards:
This bingo activity is very similar to regular bingo. However, there are a few things you’ll need to
know to play this game. First, please take a minute to look at your bingo sheet and read the 16
statements at the top of the page. Shortly, you’ll be going around the room trying to nd 16 people
about whom the statements are true so you can write their names in one of the 16 boxes.
When I give you the signal, you’ll get up and ask a person if a statement at the top of your bingo
sheet is true for them. If the person gives what you believe is a correct response, write the person’s
name in the corresponding box on the lower part of the page. For example, if you ask a person ques-
tion “D” and he or she gives you what you think is a correct response, then go ahead and write the
person’s name in box D. A correct response is important because later on, if you get bingo, that per-
son will be asked to answer the question correctly in front of the group. If he or she can’t answer the
question correctly, then you lose bingo. So, if someone gives you an incorrect answer, ask someone
else! Don’t use your name for one of the boxes or use the same person’s name twice.
Try to ll all 16 boxes in the next 20 minutes. This will increase your chances of winning. After the 20
minutes are up, please sit down and I will begin asking players to stand up and give their names. Are
there any questions? You’ll now have 20 minutes. Go!
During the next 20 minutes, move around the room to assist the players. Every ve minutes or so
tell the players how many minutes are remaining in the game. Give the players a warning when just
a minute or two remains. When the 20 minutes are up, stop the players and ask them to be seated.
PART TWO: PLAYING BINGO
Give the class the following instructions to play the game:
When I point to you, please stand up and in a LOUD and CLEAR voice give us your name. Now, if
anyone has the name of the person I call on, put a big “X” in the box with that person’s name. When
you get four names in a row—across, down, or diagonally—shout “Bingo!” Then I’ll ask you to come
up front to verify your results.
Let’s start o with you (point to a player in the group). Please stand and give us your name. (Player
gives name. Let’s say the player’s name was “Joe.”) Okay, players, if any of you have Joe’s name in one
of your boxes, go ahead and put an “X” through that box.
When the rst player shouts “Bingo,” ask him (or her) to come to the front of the room. Ask him to
give his name. Then ask him to tell the group how his bingo run was made, e.g., down from A to M,
across from E to H, and so on.
Renewable Energy BINGO Instructions
Renewable Energy Bingo is a
great icebreaker for a NEED
workshop or conference. As
a classroom activity, it also
makes a great introduction to
an energy unit.
2Preparation
5 minutes
Time
45 minutes
Energy Bingo—Energy Games
and Icebreakers
Science of Energy Bingo—
Science of Energy guides
Transportation Bingo—
Transportation Fuels Infobooks
Marine Renewable Energy
Bingo—Ocean Energy
Wind Energy Bingo—Wind
guides
Biomass Bingo—Energy Stories
and More
Hydrogen Bingo—H
2
Educate
Solar Bingo—Solar guides
Hydropower Bingo—
Hydropower guides
Change a Light Bingo—Energy
Conservation Contract
Energy Eciency Bingo—
Monitoring and Mentoring and
Learning and Conserving
Nuclear Energy Bingo—
Nuclear guides
Oil and Gas Bingo—Oil and Gas
guides
Oshore Oil and Gas Bingo—
Ocean Energy
Bingos are available on
several dierent topics.
Check out these resources for
more bingo options!
RENEWABLE ENERGY BINGO
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 7
Now you need to verify the winner’s results. Ask the bingo winner to call out the rst person’s
name on his bingo run. That player then stands and the bingo winner asks him the question
which he previously answered during the 20-minute session. For example, if the statement was
“can name at least three renewable energy sources,” the player must now name three sources. If
he can answer the question correctly, the bingo winner calls out the next person’s name on his
bingo run. However, if he does not answer the question correctly, the bingo winner does not
have bingo after all and must sit down with the rest of the players. You should continue to point
to players until another person yells “Energy Bingo.”
wood, crops, manure, garbage,
landll gas, alcohol fuels,
ethanol, and biodiesel
in electromagnetic waves (or
transverse waves)
California
Solar energy drives the water
cycle
biomass
pumped storage or run of river
hydroelectric power plant, tidal
power, wave power, ocean
thermal energy conservation
solar
hydropower
wind
geothermal
biomass
Wind speed, environmental
impact, ability to transport
electricity to population
centers, etc.
hydropower
13%
The national average is
$0.12 per kWh for residential
customers
A turbine captures the energy
of owing water.
A
E
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M
B
F
J
N
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G
K
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D
H
L
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waste-to-energy, solar
thermal, solar PV, hydropower
plant
Anyone who has hung clothes
to dry outside
sailboat
sailboard
etc.
RENEWABLE ENERGY BINGO
ANSWERS
ask for location/description
A. Has been to a renewable power
plant
B. Knows which state generates the
most geothermal energy
C. Can name at least three renewable
energy sources
D. Knows the percentage of
electricity produced by renewable
sources in the U.S.
E. Can name two types of biomass F. Knows the source of energy that
drives the water cycle
G. Can name two factors to consider
when siting a wind farm
H. Has used a solar clothes dryer
I. Has seen a modern wind
turbine
J. Knows the renewable source
that produces the most energy
in the U.S.
K. Knows the renewable source that
produces the most electricity in
the U.S.
L. Knows the cost per kilowatt-
hour of electricity for residential
customers
M. Knows how radiant energy travels
through space
N. Can name two kinds of
hydropower
O. Has used wind energy for
transportation
P. Can name the device in a
hydropower plant that captures
the energy of owing water
8 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
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Forms of Energy
Fill in the blanks with the words at the bottom of the page. Some words may be used more than once. Use the
word that best completes the sentence.
1. Stored energy and the energy of position are _____________________________ energy.
2. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of _____________________________ energy.
3. The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances is called
_____________________________ energy.
4. The scientic rule that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed is called the Law of
_____________________________.
5. The movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves is _____________________________ energy.
6. The energy of position —such as a rock on a hill—is _____________________________ energy.
7. The movement of objects and substances from place to place is _____________________________ energy.
8. Electromagnetic energy traveling in transverse waves is _____________________________ energy.
9. Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules is _____________________________ energy.
10. The movement of atoms, molecules, waves, and electrons is _____________________________ energy.
11. The movement of electrons is _____________________________ energy.
12. The amount of useful energy you get from a system is its _____________________________.
13. The energy in petroleum and coal is stored as _____________________________ energy.
14. X-rays are an example of _____________________________ energy.
15. Fission and fusion are examples of _____________________________ energy.
16. A hydropower reservoir is an example of _____________________________ energy.
17. Wind is an example of the energy of _____________________________.
Word Bank
chemical
Conservation of Energy
elastic
electrical
energy eciency
gravitational potential
kinetic
motion
nuclear
potential
radiant
sound
thermal
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 9
Description of biomass:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Description of photosynthesis:
Ways we turn biomass into energy we can use:
Who uses biomass and for what purposes:
Eect of using biomass on the environment:
Important facts about biomass:
Coal
Description of coal:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where coal is located and how we recover it:
Ways we turn coal into energy we can use:
Who uses coal and for what purposes:
Eect of using coal on the environment:
Important facts about coal:
Biomass
10 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Geothermal
Description of geothermal energy:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where geothermal resources are located and how we recover them:
Ways we turn geothermal energy into energy we can use:
Who uses geothermal energy and for what purposes:
Eect of using geothermal energy on the environment:
Important facts about geothermal energy:
Hydropower
Description of hydropower:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Description of the water cycle:
Ways we turn hydropower into energy we can use:
Who uses hydropower and for what purposes:
Eect of using hydropower on the environment:
Important facts about hydropower:
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 11
Natural Gas
Description of natural gas:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where natural gas is located and how we recover it:
Ways we turn natural gas into energy we can use:
Who uses natural gas and for what purposes:
Eect of using natural gas on the environment:
Important facts about natural gas:
Petroleum
Description of petroleum:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where petroleum is located and how we recover it:
Ways we turn petroleum into energy we can use:
Who uses petroleum and for what purposes:
Eect of using petroleum on the environment:
Important facts about petroleum:
12 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Propane
Description of propane:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where propane is located and how we recover it:
Ways we turn propane into energy we can use:
Who uses propane and for what purposes:
Eect of using propane on the environment:
Important facts about propane:
Solar
Description of solar energy:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
How solar energy is produced:
Ways we turn solar energy into energy we can use:
Who uses solar energy and for what purposes:
Eect of using solar energy on the environment:
Important facts about solar energy:
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 13
Uranium (Nuclear)
Description of uranium:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where uranium is located and how we recover it:
Ways we turn uranium into energy we can use:
Who uses uranium (nuclear energy) and for what purposes:
Eect of using uranium (nuclear energy) on the environment:
Important facts about uranium (nuclear energy):
Wind
Description of wind energy:
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Where wind energy is located and how we recover it:
Ways we turn wind into energy we can use:
Who uses wind and for what purposes:
Eect of using wind on the environment:
Important facts about wind:
14 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
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Renewables and Nonrenewables
Petroleum 34.368 Q = _____________ %
Natural Gas 25.954 Q = _____________ %
Coal 18.084 Q = _____________ %
Uranium 8.268 Q = _____________ %
Biomass 4.613 Q = _____________ %
Hydropower 2.561 Q = _____________ %
Propane 1.652 Q = _____________ %
Geothermal, Solar, and Wind 2.123 Q = _____________ %
Total Quad BTUs _______ = _____________ %
Convert the quads into percentages and make a pie chart showing how much U.S. energy in 2013 came from
renewable sources and how much came from nonrenewable sources. Round to the nearest hundredth.
(Q = quad or quadrillion British thermal units)
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 15
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How We Use Our Energy Sources
In the boxes, describe the main uses of each energy source. Put a * beside the most important use. Some
sources may be used in only one or two ways.
TRANSPORTATION MAKE PRODUCTS HEATING/COOLING LIGHTING MAKE ELECTRICITY
16 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
U W B
H
P
N
S C G
e
Energy Source Puzzle
By a process of elimination, ll in the blank squares so that each large square contains one of each energy source
icon. Use either the icons or the letters that represent the icons as shown at the bottom of the puzzle. Each row
and each column must also contain one of each icon. There is only one possible solution to the puzzle.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 17
Electricity
Write the word that best describes each denition in the blank space. Use each word only once.
1. A device that changes voltage. ________________________
2. A device that changes linear motion into circular motion. ________________________
3. Allowing competition in the power industry. ________________________
4. Managing how and when consumers use electricity. ________________________
5. The total amount of electricity a power plant can deliver. ________________________
6. Times when many customers need electricity. ________________________
7. How well a utility delivers electricity at all times. ________________________
8. Electricity produced at all times to meet basic demand. ________________________
9. A merged network of electric utilities. ________________________
10. Reducing energy usage through behavioral changes. ________________________
11. A measurement of the amount of electricity used by consumers. ________________________
12. Power plants that burn fuel to produce electricity. ________________________
13. A material with little resistance to electric current. ________________________
14. A device measuring electricity consumption that allows for two-way wireless communication between the utility
and consumer. ________________________
15. A source of energy that requires another source to produce it. ________________________
16. Manufacturing a product and producing electricity. ________________________
17. Reducing the amount of energy consumed by devices through advances in technology. ______________________
baseload
capacity
cogeneration
conservation
demand-side management
deregulation
eciency
generator
kilowatt-hour
peak demand
power pool
reliability
secondary
smart meter
superconductor
thermal
transformer
turbine
Word Bank
18 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Electricity Crossword
ACROSS
1. Electricity is a _____ source of energy.
2. _____ lines send electricity over a nationwide network.
6. A _____ is the amount of energy used in one hour by ten
100-watt light bulbs.
9. Electricity is sent to a _____ that “steps up” the voltage.
10. ______ lines deliver electricity to your home.
11. In a coal-red power plant, thirty-ve percent of the fuel is
converted into electricity. This is called the _____ of the
power plant.
DOWN
1. _____ are small buildings containing transformers and
electrical equipment.
3. A _____ is a measure of the electric power an appliance
uses.
4. A _____ is found in a generator and can be spun to create
electricity.
5. _____ is the fossil fuel that makes the most electricity in
the U.S.
7. High pressure steam turns the blades of a _____.
8. A _____ houses magnets and a spinning coil of copper
wire.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 19
Electric Power Generation
Petroleum 26.863 bkWh = _____________ %
Coal 1585.998 bkWh = _____________ %
Natural Gas 1113.665 bkWh = _____________ %
Uranium 789.017 bkWh = _____________ %
Biomass 59.894 bkWh = _____________ %
Hydropower 264.712 bkWh = _____________ %
Geothermal 16.517 bkWh = _____________ %
Wind 167.665 bkWh = _____________ %
Other 33.878 bkWh = _____________ %
Total bkWh ___________ = _____________ %
Convert the bkWh into percentages and make a pie chart showing how much of the electricity the U.S. generated
in 2013 came from each energy source. Round to the nearest hundredth. (bkWh = billion kilowatt-hours)
20 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Match the following numbers with the statements below. You will use each number only once. Write the
numbers on the lines to the left of the statements. Next, perform the mathematical operations indicated by
each statement. Write your answers on the lines to the right of the statements.
12 120 1000 1882 1879 35
1. Start with the voltage used to operate most household appliances.
2. Divide this number by the cost, in cents, of a kilowatt-hour of electricity = __________________
3. Multiply this number by the average eciency of a thermal power plant = __________________
4. Add to this number the year the light bulb was invented = __________________
5. Divide this number by the number of watts in one kilowatt = __________________
6. Multiply this number by the year Edison started his power plant =
ANSWER
Famous Names in Electricity
Electric Math
The sentences below refer to famous scientists and inventors from the History of Electricity section of your
electricity fact sheet. Read the sentence. Next, write the last name of the scientist or inventor in the squares
and circles. Unscramble the letters in the circles to form the answer to the nal statement.
1. First scientist to conduct an electric current by passing a magnet through copper wiring.
2. In 1895, he opened a power plant that used AC power.
3. Many people believe he discovered electricity with his famous lightning experiment.
4. Using salt water, zinc, and copper, he created the rst electric cell.
5. He invented the light bulb and opened the rst electric power plant.
6. The rst electric power plant able to transport electricity over 200 miles.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 21
Transporting Electricity
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
Explain what each of the components numbered below does to get electricity from the generator to the consumer.
1. Power plant:
2. Step-up transformer:
3. Transmission line:
4. Power tower:
5. Step-down transformer:
6. Distribution line:
7. Neighborhood transformer:
22 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the tables below.
Measuring Electricity
TABLE 1
VOLTAGE = CURRENT X RESISTANCE
1.5 V = ______ A x 3 Ω
______ V = 3 A x 4 Ω
120 V = 4 A x ______ Ω
240 V = ______ A x 12 Ω
TABLE 2
POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT
27 W = 9 V x ______ A
______ W = 120 V x 1.5 A
45 W = ______ V x 3 A
______ W = 120 V x 2 A
TABLE 3
APPLIANCE POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT
TV 180 W = 120 V x ______ A
COMPUTER 40 W = 120 V x ______ A
PRINTER 120 W = 120 V x ______ A
HAIR DRYER 1,000 W = 120 V x ______ A
TABLE 4
POWER TIME =
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
(kWh)
X PRICE = COST
5 kW x 100 h = ____________ x $ 0.12 = $ ______
25 kW x 4 h = ____________ x $ 0.12 = $ ______
1,000 W x 1 h = ____________ x $ 0.12 = $ ______
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 23
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
A
E
I
M
B
F
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K
O
D
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RENEWABLE ENERGY BINGO
A. Has been to a renewable power
plant
B. Knows which state generates
the most geothermal energy
C. Can name at least three
renewable energy sources
D. Knows the percentage of
electricity produced by
renewable sources in the U.S.
E. Can name two types of
biomass
F. Knows the source of energy
that drives the water cycle
G. Can name two factors to
consider when siting a wind
farm
H. Has used a solar clothes
dryer
I. Has seen a modern wind
turbine
J. Knows the renewable source
that produces the most energy
in the U.S.
K. Knows the renewable source
that produces the most
electricity in the U.S.
L. Knows the cost per kilowatt-
hour of electricity for
residential customers
M. Knows how radiant energy
travels through space
N. Can name two kinds of
hydropower
O. Has used wind energy for
transportation
P. Can name the device in a
hydropower plant that captures
the energy of owing water
24 ANSWERS Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
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Forms of Energy Answers
Fill in the blanks with the words at the bottom of the page. Some words may be used more than once. Use the
word that best completes the sentence
1. Stored energy and the energy of position are _____________________________ energy.
2. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of _____________________________ energy.
3. The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances is called
_____________________________ energy.
4. The scientic rule that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed is called the Law of
_____________________________.
5. The movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves is _____________________________.
6. The energy of position —such as a rock on a hill—is _____________________________ energy.
7. The movement of objects and substances from place to place is _____________________________ energy.
8. Electromagnetic energy traveling in transverse waves is _____________________________ energy.
9. Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules is _____________________________ energy.
10. The movement of atoms, molecules, waves, and electrons is _____________________________ energy.
11. The movement of electrons is _____________________________ energy.
12. The amount of useful energy you get from a system is its _____________________________.
13. The energy in petroleum and coal is stored as _____________________________ energy.
14. X-rays are an example of _____________________________ energy.
15. Fission and fusion are examples of _____________________________ energy.
16. A hydropower reservoir is an example of _____________________________ energy.
17. Wind is an example of the energy of _____________________________.
Word Bank
chemical
Conservation of Energy
elastic
electrical
energy eciency
gravitational potential
kinetic
motion
nuclear
potential
radiant
sound
thermal
potential
elastic
thermal
Conservation of Energy
sound
gravitational potential
motion
radiant
chemical
kinetic
electrical
energy eciency
chemical
radiant
nuclear
gravitational potential
motion
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org ANSWERS 25
Biomass
Description of biomass:
Any organic material that can be used for its energy content—wood, garbage, yard waste, crop waste, animal waste, even human waste.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Renewable
Description of photosynthesis:
The process by which radiant energy from the sun is converted to glucose, or sugar. This glucose stores chemical energy within the plant.
Ways we turn biomass into energy we can use:
Burning to produce heat, fermentation into alcohol fuel (ethanol), bacterial decay into methane, conversion to gas or liquid fuels by
addition of heat or chemicals.
Who uses biomass and for what purposes:
Industry burns waste wood to make products, homes burn wood for heat, waste-to-energy plants burn organic waste products to produce
electricity, and ethanol and biodiesel are used as a transportation fuels.
Eect of using biomass on the environment:
Burning biomass can produce air pollution and does produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. It can also produce odors. Burning
biomass is cleaner than burning fossil fuels. Growing plants to use as biomass fuels removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Important facts about biomass:
Biomass gets its energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis.
Using biomass reduces the amount of organic material placed in landlls.
Fast-growing crops can be grown for their energy content.
Using biomass does not contribute as much to the greenhouse eect as fossil fuels. The amount of carbon dioxide produced by equipment
to process biofuels is oset somewhat by the amount taken in during growth.
Coal
Description of coal:
Coal is a black, solid hydrocarbon (fossil fuel) formed from the remains of ancient plants in swamps millions to hundreds of millions of
years ago.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Nonrenewable
Where coal is located and how we recover it:
Coal is located underground in many areas of the country. Shallow seams are surface mined. Coal buried deep is reached through
underground mine shafts.
Ways we turn coal into energy we can use:
Most coal is burned to produce thermal energy.
Who uses coal and for what purposes:
Power plants burn most of the coal to produce electricity. Industries also burn coal to make products, especially steel and iron.
Eect of using coal on the environment:
Burning coal can pollute the air and cause acid rain. Burning coal also produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
Important facts about coal:
Coal produces about 39.08 percent of the electricity in the U.S.
The U.S. has the largest reserves of coal in the world.
Coal is found in Appalachian states and some western states.
Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, and Pennsylvania are the top coal producing states.
Coal is transported mainly by train and barge. Transporting coal is a huge expense.
26 ANSWERS Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Geothermal
Description of geothermal energy:
Geothermal energy is heat produced in the Earth’s core by the slow decay of naturally-occurring radioactive particles.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Renewable
Where geothermal resources are located and how we recover them:
Low temperature resources are almost everywhere a few feet underground. High temperature resources are found along major plate
boundaries, especially around the Ring of Fire in the Pacic Ocean.
Ways we turn geothermal energy into energy we can use:
We can drill wells to reach high temperature resources, or lay pipes lled with uid underground. Some geothermal resources come out
of the ground naturally, and we can pipe it to where it’s needed.
Who uses geothermal energy and for what purposes:
Power plants use geothermal steam to produce electricity. Homes and businesses use the hot water and steam for thermal energy.
Eect of using geothermal energy on the environment:
There is very little environmental eect.
Important facts about geothermal energy:
Earth is made of layers—an inner core of iron, an outer core of magma (melted rock), a mantle of magma and rock, and a crust. The
crust is not a solid piece, but giant plates of land that move. Along the edges of the plates, geothermal resources tend to come to the
surface.
Hydropower
Description of hydropower:
Hydropower is the force of moving water caused by gravity.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Renewable
Description of the water cycle:
The sun shines onto the Earth, evaporating the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. The water vapor rises into the atmosphere and forms
clouds. The water vapor condenses and falls to Earth as precipitation.
Ways we turn hydropower into energy we can use:
We can harness the energy in owing water by damming rivers and using waterfalls.
Who uses hydropower and for what purposes:
E
lectric utilities use hydropower dams to turn the energy in owing water into electricity.
Eect of using hydropower on the environment:
Dams can ood land and disrupt animal and sh habitats. Hydropower doesn’t pollute the air, but it can churn up sediments in the
water.
Important facts about hydropower:
Hydropower dams are the cheapest and cleanest way to produce electricity.
There are few places in the U.S. where new dams can be built.
Some existing dams could have turbines installed to produce electricity.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org ANSWERS 27
Natural Gas
Description of natural gas:
Natural gas is a colorless, odorless gas formed hundreds of millions of years ago from tiny sea plants and animals. It is a fossil fuel.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Nonrenewable, although methane produced from landll gas is classied as renewable.
Where natural gas is located and how we recover it:
Natural gas is located in underground rock formations in sedimentary basins. We drill wells to reach it and pipe it from the ground.
Ways we turn natural gas into energy we can use:
Usually we burn natural gas to produce heat.
Who uses natural gas and for what purposes:
Industry burns natural gas to manufacture products. Homes and businesses burn natural gas to heat buildings and water, and for
cooking. Power plants burn natural gas to produce electricity.
Eect of using natural gas on the environment:
Natural gas is a cleaner burning fossil fuel, but it produces some air pollution and carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
Important facts about natural gas:
Mercaptan, an odorant that smells like rotten eggs, is added to natural gas so leaks can be detected.
Natural gas is shipped hundreds of thousands of miles in underground pipelines.
Natural gas can be used as a transportation fuel if it is put under pressure and engines are modied.
Petroleum
Description of petroleum:
Petroleum is a liquid hydrocarbon, a fossil fuel formed hundreds of millions of years ago from the remains of tiny sea plants and animals.
It can be thin and clear like water or thick and black like tar.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Nonrenewable
Where petroleum is located and how we recover it:
Petroleum is located underground in rocks in sedimentary basins. Much is under water. We drill wells to nd it, then must pump it from
the ground.
Ways we turn petroleum into energy we can use:
Petroleum is rened into many dierent fuels that are burned to produce heat.
Who uses petroleum and for what purposes:
Most petroleum products are used by the transportation sector to move people and goods. Industry burns petroleum to manufacture
products and also uses petroleum as a feedstock to produce many products.
Eect of using petroleum on the environment:
Burning petroleum can cause air pollution and produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Drilling for and transporting petroleum can
cause damage to the land and water if there are leaks or spills.
Important facts about petroleum:
We use more petroleum than any other energy source.
The U.S. does not produce enough petroleum to meet our needs.
We import about 41 percent of the petroleum we use from foreign countries.
The Middle East has huge reserves of petroleum.
Petroleum is moved over land mostly by pipeline, and over water by tanker.
28 ANSWERS Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Propane
Description of propane:
Propane is a colorless, odorless fossil fuel found with petroleum and natural gas. It was formed hundreds of millions of years ago from
the remains of tiny sea plants and animals.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Nonrenewable
Where propane is located and how we recover it:
Propane is found with petroleum and natural gas deposits and is separated from both fuels during rening and processing.
Ways we turn propane into energy we can use:
We put propane in tanks under pressure to turn it into a liquid so that it is more easily moved from place to place, then we burn it to
produce thermal energy.
Who uses propane and for what purposes:
Industry uses propane to make products; farmers use propane for heat in rural areas; homes use propane for outdoor grills; businesses
use propane to fuel indoor machinery and as a eet fuel.
Eect of using propane on the environment:
Propane is a cleaner burning fossil fuel, but burning it does produce some air pollutants and carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
Important facts about propane:
Propane is an LPG—liqueed petroleum gas.
Propane is easily turned into a liquid under pressure. It takes up 270 times less space as a liquid.
Propane is stored in underground caverns and moved by pipelines and trucks.
Propane is called a portable fuel because it is easily transported as a liquid.
Solar
Description of solar energy:
Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun that travels to Earth in electromagnetic waves or rays.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Renewable
How solar energy is produced:
Solar energy is produced in the sun’s core when atoms of hydrogen combine under pressure to produce helium, in a process called
fusion. During fusion, radiant energy is emitted.
Ways we turn solar energy into energy we can use:
We can capture solar energy with solar collectors that turn the radiant energy into thermal energy, or with photovoltaic cells that turn
radiant energy into electricity. We also use the visible light of solar energy to see.
Who uses solar energy and for what purposes:
We all use the visible light from the sun to see during the day. Many homes and buildings use solar collectors to heat interior spaces
and water, and PV cells to produce electricity. Solar power generation facilities use PV cells or mirrors to generate electricity.
Eect of using solar energy on the environment:
Solar energy is very clean energy, producing no air or water pollution.
Important facts about solar energy:
Solar energy is not available all of the time and is spread out so that it is dicult to harness. Today, it is expensive to use solar energy
to produce electricity, but new technologies will make solar energy a major energy source in the future.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org ANSWERS 29
Uranium (Nuclear)
Description of uranium:
Uranium is a common metallic element found in rocks all over the world.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Nonrenewable
Where uranium is located and how we recover it:
Uranium is located underground in rock formations. Mines are dug to recover it.
Ways we turn uranium into energy we can use:
Uranium is processed and turned into uranium fuel pellets for nuclear power plants. Uranium atoms are split in the process of ssion
to produce thermal energy.
Who uses uranium (nuclear energy) and for what purposes:
Nuclear power plants use uranium to produce electricity.
Eect of using uranium (nuclear energy) on the environment:
Uranium ssion produces radioactive waste that is dangerous for thousands of years and must be stored carefully. Leaks of
radioactive materials pose a danger.
Important facts about uranium (nuclear energy):
Nuclear power plants produce little pollution except for radioactive waste, which must be stored on-site or in special repositories.
There is no permanent repository in the United States at this time and most spent fuel is stored on-site at nuclear power plants. A
permanent repository is mandated by Congress, but a nal location has not been chosen.
Wind
Description of wind energy:
Wind is the circulation of air caused by the uneven heating of Earth’s surface.
Renewable or nonrenewable:
Renewable
Where wind energy is located and how we recover it:
Wind is produced when the sun shines on the Earth, heating the land more quickly than the water. The warmer air over land rises
and cooler air moves in to take its place, producing convection currents. We can harness wind with sails, mills, turbines, and by living
things.
Ways we turn wind into energy we can use:
We use wind turbines that have blades which turn in the wind that turn a turbine to produce electricity.
Who uses wind and for what purposes:
Usually, independent power producers (not big utilities) build wind farms to produce electricity.
Eect of using wind on the environment:
Wind turbines are very clean, producing no air or water pollution. They take up a lot of land, but most of the land can be used for other
things, such as farming and grazing cattle, at the same time.
Important facts about wind:
Wind turbines do not produce a lot of electricity, and do not produce it all of the time.
Wind turbines cannot be used in many areas. There must be stable, continuous wind resources.
There are large wind resources on the ocean. The rst oshore wind farm in the United States was approved in 2011 and will be built
o the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
30 ANSWERS Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
e
How We Use Our Energy Sources
In the boxes, describe the main uses of each energy source. Put a * beside the most
important use. Some sources may be used in only one or two ways.
TRANSPORTATION MAKE PRODUCTS HEATING/COOLING LIGHTING MAKE ELECTRICITY
turned into ethanol
and mixed with
gasoline
*burned to make
thermal energy
to manufacture
products
burned to heat
homes; converted
to biogas to heat
homes
burned to produce
light (candles and
biogas)
burned in waste-
to-energy plants to
produce electricity
burned to make
thermal energy
to manufacture
products
burned to heat
homes
*burned to make
thermal energy to
produce electricity
used in geothermal
exchange systems
to heat and cool
homes
*thermal energy
used to produce
electricity
*kinetic energy
used to produce
electricity
used in specially
modied vehicles
* burned to make
thermal energy
to manufacture
products and as a
feedstock
burned to heat
homes and
commercial
buildings
burned in some
lanterns and street
lights
burned to make
thermal energy to
produce electricity
*rened into
gasoline, jet fuel,
diesel fuel
burned to make
thermal energy
to manufacture
products
rened into heating
oil and burned to
heat homes
rened into
kerosene and
burned in lanterns
burned to make
thermal energy to
produce electricity
pressurized for eet
and indoor vehicles
*burned to make
thermal energy
to manufacture
products
pressurized and
burned to heat
homes, barns, and
buildings
pressurized and
burned in lanterns
used to heat homes
and buildings
provides daylighting
*converted into
electricty with
PV cells
*ssioned to make
thermal energy to
produce electricity
*kinetic energy
turned into
electricty
e
Renewables and Nonrenewables
Petroleum 34.368 Q = 35.20 %
Natural Gas 25.954 Q = 26.59 %
Coal 18.084 Q = 18.52 %
Uranium 8.268 Q = 8.47 %
Biomass 4.613 Q = 4.73 %
Hydropower 2.561 Q = 2.62 %
Propane 1.652 Q = 1.69 %
Geothermal, Solar, and Wind 2.123 Q = 2.17 %
Total Quad BTUs 97.623 Q = 99.99%*
Convert the quads into percentages and make a pie chart showing how much U.S. energy
in 2013 came from renewable sources and how much came from nonrenewable sources.
Round to the nearest hundredth. (Q = quad or quadrillion Btu)
9.52% Renewables
90.47% Nonrenewables
*Does not equal 100% due to rounding
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org ANSWERS 31
U W B
H
P
N
S C G
e
Energy Source Puzzle
By a process of elimination, ll in the blank squares so that each large square contains one of each energy source
icon, use either the icons or the letters that represent the icons as shown at the bottom of the puzzle. Each row
and each column must also contain one of each icon. There is only one possible solution to the puzzle.
Electricity
Write the word that best describes each denition in the blank space. Use each word only once.
1. A device that changes voltage. transformer
2. A device that changes linear motion into circular motion. turbine
3. Allowing competition in the power industry. deregulation
4. Managing how and when consumers use electricity. demand-side management
5. The total amount of electricity a power plant can deliver. capacity
6. Times when many customers need electricity. peak demand
7. How well a utility delivers electricity at all times. reliability
8. Electricity produced at all times to meet basic demand. baseload
9. A merged network of electric utilities. power pool
10. Reducing energy usage through behavioral changes. conservation
11. A measurement of the amount of electricity used by consumers. kilowatt-hour
12. Power plants that burn fuel to produce electricity. thermal
13. A material with little resistance to electric current. superconductor
14. A device measuring electricity consumption that allows for two-way wireless communication between the utility
and consumer. smart meter
15. A source of energy that requires another source to produce it. secondary
16. Manufacturing a product and producing electricity. cogeneration
17. Reducing the amount of energy consumed by devices through advances in technology. eciency
baseload
capacity
cogeneration
conservation
demand-side management
deregulation
eciency
generator
kilowatt-hour
peak demand
power pool
reliability
secondary
smart meter
superconductor
thermal
transformer
turbine
Word Bank
32 ANSWERS Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Electricity Crossword
Electric Power Generation
Petroleum 26.863 bkWh = 0.66%
Coal 1,585.998 bkWh = 39.08 %
Natural Gas 1,113.663 bkWh = 27.44 %
Uranium 789.017 bkWh = 19.44 %
Biomass 59.894 bkWh = 1.48 %
Hydropower 264.712 bkWh = 6.52%
Geothermal 16.517 bkWh = 0.41 %
Wind 167.665 bkWh = 4.13 %
Other 33.878 bkWh = 0.83 %
Total bkWh 4,058.207 bkWh = 99.99* %
*Total does not equal 100% due to rounding
Convert the bkWh into percentages and make a pie chart showing how much
of the electricity the U.S. generated in 2013 came from each energy source.
Round to the nearest hundredth. (bkWh = billion kilowatt-hours)
Natural Gas 27.44%
Uranium 19.44%
Biomass 1.48%
Hydropower 6.52%
Geothermal 0.41%
Wind 4.13%
Other 0.83%
Petroleum 0.66%
Coal 39.08%
1. Faraday
2. Westinghouse
3. Franklin
4. Volta
5. Edison
6. Niagara Falls
Famous Names in Electricity Answer Key
Left Column: 120, 12, 35, 1879, 1000, 1882
Right Column: 10, 350, 2229, 2.229, 4194.978
Electric Math Answer Key
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org ANSWERS 33
Transporting Electricity
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
Explain what each of the components numbered below does
to get electricity from the generator to the consumer.
1. Power plant: generates electricity
2.
Step-up transformer: increases voltage to reduce transmission loss
3. Transmission line: transports high-voltage electricty over long distances
4. Power tower: carries or holds transmission lines
5.
Step-down transformer: lowers voltage for smaller distribution lines
6.
Distribution line: carries lower voltage electricty to homes and businesses
7. Neighborhood transformer: lowers voltage to an amount used by appliances in
homes and businesses (120 & 240 volts)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the tables below.
Measuring Electricity
TABLE 1
VOLTAGE = CURRENT X RESISTANCE
1.5 V =
0.5 A
x 3 Ω
12 V
= 3 A x 4 Ω
120 V = 4 A x
30 Ω
240 V =
20 A
x 12 Ω
TABLE 2
POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT
27 W = 9 V x
3 A
180 W
= 120 V x 1.5 A
45 W =
15 V
x 3 A
240 W
= 120 V x 2 A
TABLE 3
APPLIANCE POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT
TV 180 W = 120 V x
1.5 A
COMPUTER 40 W = 120 V x
0.33 A
PRINTER 120 W = 120 V x
1 A
HAIR DRYER 1,000 W = 120 V x
8.33 A
TABLE 4
POWER TIME =
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
(kWh)
X PRICE = COST
5 kW x 100 h =
500 kWh
x $ 0.12 =
$ 60.00
25 kW x 4 h =
100 kWh
x $ 0.12 =
$ 12.00
1,000 W x 1 h =
1,000 Wh =
1kWh
x $ 0.12 =
$ 0.12
34 Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Secondary Energy Infobook Activities
Evaluation Form
State: ___________ Grade Level: ___________ Number of Students: __________
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6. Were the activities easy to use? Yes No
7. Was the preparation required acceptable for the activities? Yes No
8. Were the students interested and motivated? Yes No
9. Was the energy knowledge content age appropriate? Yes No
10. Would you use this guide again? Yes No
Please explain any ‘no’ statement below.
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Other Comments:
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