Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

VERMONT

SCHOOL

CONSTRUCTION

PLANNING GUIDE

A publication providing technical

assistance to school boards and administrators

Published by the

Vermont Department of Education

2008

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 3

Vermont Department of Education

VERMONT SCHOOL

CONSTRUCTION

PLANNING GUIDE

Governor

James Douglas

Vermont State Board of Education

Tom James, Chair

Ruth Stokes, Vice Chair

Jessica Bullock

William Corrow

Kathy Larsen

Fayneese Miller

Chris Robbins

Tess Savage

Susan Schill

Brian Vachon

Acting Commissioner of Education

Bill Talbott

Acknowledgement

The Department of Education expresses its appreciation to the school officials, architects, the legislative and

interagency task force on school facility standards, and all other individuals who have contributed to the

contents of this document.

The Vermont Department of Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin,

creed, marital status, sex, disability, age, or sexual orientation in its programs or activities.

SCHOOL BOARDS AND ADMINISTRATORS

This is a joint publication of the agencies of state government with

responsibilities relating to school buildings and sites. Its purpose is to

provide information to those involved in a school construction project. The

contents are relevant to the construction of a new school, school addition, or

alterations to an existing school that increase its program or enrollment

capacity, or ensures that it remains a safe and healthy place for students,

faculty and community members. The contents may only be partially applicable

for school construction related to other purposes. Use the Department of

Education as a resource throughout the construction process.

The Department acknowledges and appreciates the contributions to this

publication by the different agencies with rules that affect school construction.

Our intent is to provide general guidance as to how to plan for school

construction projects and secure necessary state approvals, but this is not

a step-by-step manual.

Vermont Department of Education

120 State Street

Montpelier, VT 05620-2501

http://education.vermont.gov

Fax: 828-1631

School Construction Team

Cathy M. Hilgendorf, Program Consultant 828-5402 [email protected]

Cassandra Ryan, Administrative Assistant 828-3144 [email protected]

Updated June 2008

Table of Contents

Introduction

What This Guide Is - and Is Not .............................. ...7

Getting Started ............................................................ 7

Legal Assistance ......................................................... 9

School Construction Aid ............................................ 9

The Process

Preliminary Application .......................................... 11

Facility Analysis ....................................................... 12

Educational Specifications ....................................... 12

Space Utilization Schedule ....................................... 14

Enrollment Projections ............................................. 14

Site Considerations ................................................... 15

Anticipating the Next School Development ............. 17

Consolidation ............................................................ 18

Re-locatable Units .................................................... 18

Committees ............................................................... 19

Preliminary Plan Review ......................................... 19

Capital Outlay Formula ............................................ 20

Professional Assistance,

Construction Methods and

The Bidding Process

Consultants ............................................................... 21

Selection of an Architect .......................................... 21

Clerk-of-the-Works .................................................. 23

Methods of Construction ......................................... 23

Public Bidding Requirements ................................... 24

Construction Management ........................................ 25

Guaranteed Maximum Cost ...................................... 26

Performance Bonds .................................................. 27

Communications ....................................................... 27

Suggested Procedures for School Boards

The Chronology of a Project......................................29

6 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Roles of the Different State Agencies

Department of Public Safety .......................................... 37

Department of Education ............................................... 38

Department of Environmental Conservation ................. 38

Act 250 Review .............................................................. 39

Department of Health ..................................................... 40

Division for Historic Preservation ................................. 41

Agency of Transportation .............................................. 42

Department of Agriculture ............................................. 42

Vermont Municipal Bond Bank ..................................... 43

Department of Public Service ........................................ 43

Department o Public Safety Regional Map ................... 44

Agency of Natural Resources Regional Map ................. 45

Agency of Natural Resources Review Sheet Sample .... 47

State Board Policy on Historic Preservation .................. 49

Agency of Transportation Regional Map ...................... 51

Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act .................. 53

Other Construction Issues

Emergencies ................................................................... 55

Reapplying for Construction Aid ................................... 55

Appealing the Rating ..................................................... 56

Technology .................................................................... 56

Playgrounds .................................................................... 56

Purchase of a Building ................................................... 57

Indoor Air Quality .......................................................... 57

School Safety Guideline ................................................ 58

Capital Outlay Formula ................................... 59

Applications ................................................................ 71

Appendices ................................................................... 81

A. Developing a Facility Analysis

B. Space Needs Survey

C. System for Rating Proposed Capital Construction Projects

D. Developing Educational Specifications

E. Preliminary Review

F. Developing Enrollment Projections

G. Site Inspections

H. Clerk-of-the-Works

I. Audit Information

State Board of Education Rules

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 7

Vermont Department of Education

Introduction

What This Guide Is - and Is Not

This School Construction Planning Guide is to be used in conjunction

with State Board of Education Rules for Capital Construction and is not

intended to be used in isolation or to supersede any other agency rules

for school construction. The specific rules of the several agencies of

the state that apply to school construction are beyond the scope of this

document. This document is not a comprehensive summary of such

rules here; rather, its intent is to identify key state agencies, and the

stage or stages in the development of a school project at which each

agency should be consulted.

Described here are the procedures which school officials should follow

in the development of a project. If these procedures are adhered to, the

Department of Education will coordinate the preliminary review

functions of all the relevant state agencies so that a project receives the

necessary permits and approvals as expeditiously as possible.

In short, the task of planning and carrying out a major school

construction project is complex. A school board and its superintendent

must expect to rely heavily on professional services - particularly

architectural and engineering - and close communications with state

agencies. Knowing what should happen and when will not make the

task simple, but will help ensure that the workload on school officials

for a project does not become more of a burden than necessary.

_________________________________________________________

Getting Started

You are running out of space, the learning environment is inadequate or

unhealthy and the time has come to do something. What should it be?

An addition? A new school? You don't know yet? How do you

decide?

Begin with a complete facility analysis to determine the needs of your

school. The Department of Education can provide guidance and

materials to help with this task. (See Appendix A) Evaluate every

Described

here are the

procedures

which school

officials

should follow

in the

development

of a project.

___

Knowing

what should

happen and

when will not

make the

task simple,

but will help

ensure that

the workload

on school

officials for a

project does

not become

more of a

burden than

necessary.

8 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

aspect of the school, not just the space needs. For example: How well

equipped is the school to handle new technologies? Look at the most

recent state inspection report you have. If the building has not been

recently inspected by the state fire marshal, you may need to request

the Department of Labor and Industry to arrange another inspection.

There may be some health and safety issues that need to be addressed.

Is the school in full compliance with the Americans with Disabilities

Act? Has the fire alarm system been upgraded to meet current codes?

If the school has an Action Plan for improvement, look at the data and

all available learning opportunities information. Is there a need for

space to provide new or different programs and services? Are existing

science and technology labs adequate to provide a quality education?

Speak with students and every staff member to find out what

improvements would help them do their jobs more effectively. Only by

clearly defining the problems can you meaningfully articulate solutions.

Ask the Department of Education for help with identifying learning

opportunity needs of the school.

Look at your school population projections and any community needs

for space for non-school functions (more about these later).

Consider professional assistance. A private consultant or architect

might be useful to help identify the long-term needs and alternatives for

the district. An architect or engineer can help you analyze any

suspected structural problems with your building. If the school uses an

on-site or private sewage disposal or water supply system, you must

contact the Agency of Natural Resources or have a professional

engineer advise you of its future capabilities.

Meet with your local select board and planning officials. Gather

information on the non-school use of the buildings. Familiarize

yourself with the town plan. Is the school located in a designated

growth center? Are there locations in the town where local planners

encourage educational land uses and new growth? What are the present

traffic conditions at the school site and in the community?

From these sources you should be able to prepare a statement of the

current conditions of your building and site. With this information and

your sense of the direction in which your programs are moving, you

should be ready to describe your future school space and location needs

for the 21st century. This facility analysis and needs assessment should

ultimately be developed into educational specifications the board and

administrators can use to evaluate the options available to the

community as to the type of project that it should undertake.

Only by

clearly

defining the

problems

can you

meaningfully

articulate

solutions.

Well-defined

problems

result in

better

answers.

___

Speak with

students and

every staff

member to

find out what

improvement

s would help

them do

their jobs

effectively.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 9

Vermont Department of Education

_________________________________________________________

Legal Assistance

You will need legal assistance at several points including the purchase of

any new site, preparation of the warning for a bond vote by the district,

preparation of an actual bond issue, and review of contracts for the

design and construction.

_________________________________________________________

School Construction Aid

Each year the General Assembly appropriates funding to the State Board

of Education to help school districts with the costs of school

construction projects. There are a number of steps that a school board

generally must follow to receive all possible state financial assistance for

a project. These are described in the section on “Procedures for School

Boards.” All projects must meet eligibility requirements and are subject

to design standards established by various state agencies.

For most types of construction projects, the state's share of the project

costs can amount to thirty percent. Site acquisition costs and most

movable furnishings are not eligible for construction aid. However, site

development is an eligible expense for reimbursement. Maintenance or

replacement work is not eligible nor is work attributed to deferred

maintenance.

V.S.A., T.16, §3448, the statute for construction aid, requires that

school districts wanting to receive state construction aid complete and

submit two applications. The first is a preliminary application to the

Commissioner for a determination of need. The second application is

submitted if the proposed project has voter approval, has been deemed

eligible and assigned funding priority.

Construction may not begin before a completed application is submitted

to and approved by the State Board of Education. Except for emergency

projects under $100,000, beginning construction prior to receiving

State Board approval will jeopardize state aid. A school district

may submit a written final application to the state board at any time

following approval of a preliminary application.

Each year

the General

Assembly

appropriates

funding to

the State

Board of

Education to

help school

districts with

the costs of

school

construction

projects.

____

Title 16 VSA

§3448, the

statute for

construction

aid, requires

that school

districts

wanting to

receive state

construction

aid complete

and submit

two applica-

tions.

10 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 11

Vermont Department of Education

The Planning

Process

Preliminary Application

The Commissioner may approve the preliminary application if he/she finds

that a need exists that cannot be reasonably met by another means and meets

the criteria established by V.S.A., T.16, §3448:

1. facilities that are inadequate to provide programs required by state or

federal rule or regulation;

2. deterioration of existing buildings;

3. conditions that are unsafe or threaten the health of students or

employees; or

4. excessive energy use resulting from the design characteristics of the

building.

The preliminary application needs to include a facilities analysis of the

existing school building(s) describing any deficiencies in the facilities of the

school ( See Application section, page 71). Once the preliminary application

is approved, the Department will schedule a pre-construction evaluation to

assess the needs of the existing facility in accordance with the criteria

established in the State Board Rules.

All voter approved major renovation and new construction projects will be

placed on a list of priority by the State Board of Education along with a cost

estimate for each project. The Board will present these projects in order of

priority to the legislature at the start of the session each year.

The legislature will use these figures to determine an appropriation for

school construction in the next fiscal year.

Before the State Board can approve the final application for construction

aid, except for certain types of emergency work, it must also find that the

school district has available sufficient funding specifically authorized by the

electorate for the estimated cost of the project. Funding may come from a

bond issue, short term borrowing of no more than one year, federal grants in

Once a

preliminary

application is

approved, the

Department

will schedule

a pre-

construction

evaluation to

assess the

needs of the

existing

facility in

accordance

with the

criteria

established in

the State

Board Rules.

____

All schools

with

approved

preliminary

applications,

ratings, and

voter

authorization

will be sent to

legislature at

the beginning

of each year.

12 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

certain cases or other sources. School boards may sell bonds on the

open market or through the Vermont Municipal Bond Bank.

School districts will not receive reimbursements on their annual

principal and interest cost . The cost for borrowing money and the

annual principal and interest payment are eligible education expenses

that are to be reported each year on the annual budget submission to the

Department of Education. For more information on how this may

impact a district’s state aid, contact the Financial Management Team at

the Department of Education at 828-3151.

___________________________________________________

Facility Analysis

As part of the preliminary application for new construction or additions

to schools, the school district must submit an analysis of it present

facilities. The analysis shall identify the areas of deficiency consistent

with the criteria listed in V.S.A., T.16, §3448. The analysis entails an

evaluation of the infrastructure of the existing building(s), including the

health and safety conditions and a history of maintenance on the school

(s). The analysis must include demographic data, enrollment

projections, and a space utilization schedule. Schools identified as

eligible for technical assistance under Act 60 should identify any links

between the facility and student performance. The State Board rules on

school construction also require that school districts review any

alternative educational and physical solutions available to them as part

of the facility analysis.

The results of the facility analysis are to be included in the educational

specifications. (See Appendix A).

_________________________________________________________

Educational Specifications

Educational specifications are a set of performance requirements for a

school construction or renovation project. They describe in outline

form the indoor and outdoor facilities the school needs for every area of

its curriculum and services provided, as well as the anticipated

community uses of its building and grounds. The specifications should

incorporate an up-to-date enrollment projection by grade for the next

five to ten years. The projections should be based on a ten-year history

of enrollments by grade level and live births for districts sending

students to the school. (See page 14).

Each district

must submit

an analysis of

its present

facilities. The

analysis shall

include:

√ an valuation

of the

infrastructure

of the

existing

building(s)

√ demographic

data,

√ enrollment

projections

√ room

utilization

schedule

_____

Educational

specifications

are a set of

statements of

performance

requirements

for a school

construction

or renovation

project.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 13

Vermont Department of Education

If the school needs new or renovated facilities to provide appropriate

space for existing programs or to accommodate new instructional

techniques, the educational specifications should articulate the physical

space necessary for students to have the appropriate learning

opportunities.

The architect will design the facility based on the approved educational

specifications. The school board and the Department of Education will

evaluate design proposals for the project based on these educational

specifications.

Preparing educational specifications should be a collaborative effort of

the faculty, school housekeeping and support staff, administration and

school board. Students, parents and other community members can and

should be asked to help. The end product will be a document which

talks about the school's future, and all elements of the community

which have interests in the future of the school should be considered in

its preparation.

Educational specifications should begin with an opening statement that

clearly describes the vision the school board has for the school. In the

years ahead, how will instruction be organized? How will students

work with each other and their teachers? What new programs will be

introduced? Then, based on the enrollment projections, each indoor

and outdoor area needed should be described in non-architectural terms:

 Who will use it (age or grade level of students for instructional

spaces) and what will they be doing there?

 What will be the maximum number of users at any one time?

 How much space will be needed for the teaching strategies

employed?

 What furnishings and equipment are necessary?

 What is the frequency of the room’s use during the school

week?

 Who will be in charge?

 Are there special requirements as to...

a. heating, lighting, or ventilation?

b. acoustics?

c. relative location within the building or the site?

d. other environmental or aesthetics considerations?

 What storage provisions are necessary?

 How many such spaces or areas are needed for the current

school population?

Preparing

educational

specifications

should be a

collaborative

effort of the

faculty, school

housekeeping

and support

staff,

administration

and school

board.

Students,

parents and

other

community

members can

and should be

asked to help.

The end

product will be

a document

which talks

about the

school's

future, and all

elements of

the

community

which have

interests in

the future of

the school

should be

considered in

its

preparation.

14 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

 How many may be needed five to ten years from now?

 How many does the school have now and how well do these

spaces work?

 What parts of the school are to be used by the community, and

what are the desirable design provisions in anticipation of such

use?

_________________________________________________________

Space Utilization Schedule

The facility analysis and the educational specification should include a

room utilization chart or schedule showing that the existing facilities

are inadequate to provide quality programs and services required by

state or federal rule. The educational specifications should be able to

demonstrate how the current configuration of classrooms and other

instructional areas cannot support the curriculum changes the school is

required to offer now and in the future.

_________________________________________________________

Enrollment Projections

When a construction aid project is primarily intended to accommodate

enrollment growth, it must be shown that the existing facilities are

overcrowded or are otherwise inadequate to support programs required

by state or federal rules. It must also be shown that these conditions are

not likely to be relieved by a decline in enrollment for the foreseeable

future. The educational specifications must be based on reasonable

projections of enrollments for the school over the next five to ten years

so that the design of the facility can accommodate such projections.

Generally speaking, projections for enrollment for construction aid

purposes must follow the so-called persistence of experience method.

This means that you must use the enrollment history of the school

together with the live birth history for the district or districts from

which the school receives tuition pupils to predict the enrollments that

will occur in the years to come. This approach must be used in any

school system with yearly live births and grade-by-grade enrollments of

twenty or more with a record of growth or stability in it enrollments. If

you have a different situation, confer with the Department of Education

to determine a more appropriate basis for predicting future enrollments.

The persistence of experience enrollment projections should be based

on a ten-year history and limited to ten years ahead. Directions for

preparing projections are found in Appendix F.

Educational

specifications

should be

able to

demonstrate

how the

current

configuration

classrooms

and other

instructional

areas cannot

support the

curriculum

changes the

school is

required to

offer now

and in the

future.

____

Generally

speaking,

projections

for

enrollment

for

construction

aid purposes

must follow

the so-called

persistence

of experience

method.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 15

Vermont Department of Education

Attempting to anticipate the number of classrooms a school will need

beyond ten years from now becomes too speculative a base for a school

construction aid project. If you plan your project for ten years growth

and the school reaches capacity enrollment at the end of that time

period you will have done your job very well. If you plan for ten years

growth and reach capacity in five years you still will have done well.

On the other hand, a project which cannot be expected to reach capacity

enrollment for more than ten years must be considered to be over-built.

Construction aid must be limited to projects that address only the

foreseeable space needs of a district.

_________________________________________________________

Site Considerations

What makes a good site for a school? There are many different issues

to consider when identifying a site for a school, but one issue is clear:

the location of a school facility affects many aspects of a community.

A school’s location affects transportation needs within the community,

as well as school transportation costs. Sites that are accessible to modes

of transportation other than the automobile, that students can safely

walk and ride their bicycles to and from and that are near municipal bus

services may reduce transportation costs.

The location and design of schools and other public buildings often

contribute to a community’s identity. Throughout Vermont’s history,

these structures have been symbols of civic pride and important

meeting places and cultural environments in the lives of community

members. Many are located in the historical center of the community.

Their presence defines the image of many Vermont cities, towns, and

villages. The historic character of existing buildings should be

respected in rehabilitation projects. Attention to the visual character of

new construction will contribute greatly to the community’s pride and

sense of accomplishment with the final product.

Recreation and non-school activities occur during the evening and on

the weekends. Sites should be conveniently located for these activities.

Recreational facilities on school grounds should also be considered

within the context of the town’s existing recreational facilities.

Coordination is needed so that facilities are not redundant and meet the

future recreational needs of the community.

The location

and design

of schools

and other

public

buildings

often

contribute to

community’s

identity.

Throughout

Vermont’s

history,

these

structures

have been

symbols of

civic pride

and

important

meeting

places and

cultural

environment

s in the lives

community

members.

16 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Many towns in Vermont have town plans that identify important

natural, cultural and other resources, and set out visions and goals for

how a community would like to grow. The location of existing schools

and proposed facilities should fit within that plan. In addition, many

towns have identified places where they would like certain land uses to

be focused, thus allowing other areas with important natural resource

value to be left open. Schools should be located within these growth

centers.

It is important to identify what natural and cultural resources may be

located at the site of an existing school or at a proposed site.

Identification of resources is the first step in planning a construction

project that will be environmentally sound and protect or even enhance

the surrounding natural environment. Identification of resources is also

the first step in avoiding permitting problems related to those resources.

Many local and regional planning commissions have computerized

resource inventories or “constraints” to help in your site planning

process. Some of these resources include: wetlands; rivers, streams,

lakes and ponds and the buffer areas surrounding them; ground water

recharge and wellhead protection areas; critical wildlife habitats; rare

and endangered species; prime agricultural soils; contaminated sites

(from previous use) and archeological resources. The presence of these

resources does not automatically preclude development of the site.

Steps may be needed to avoid the resources or mitigate certain impacts.

If a choice has to be made between an existing school site and a new

one, cost of land is an obvious factor, and must be weighed against the

possible proceeds from the sale of the old site. In addition, the site

“constraints” noted above will affect both the short-term uses of a site

and its potential for expansion. These conditions, combined with the

project design, determine whether or not environmental permits issued

by the Agency of Natural Resources and Act 250 commissions, can be

issued. When reviewing potential sites contact the Department of

Environmental Conservation Permit Specialist in your area for

guidance. In the end, it is the responsibility of the elected school board

to sort out the issues concerning the site and provide the community

with its best recommendations. In any case there are constant factors

which should enter into the decision making on a school site in any

district. These are outlined below.

Many towns in

Vermont have

town plans

that identify

important

natural,

cultural and

other

resources,

and set out

visions and

goals for how

a community

would like to

grow. The

location of

existing

schools and

proposed

facilities

should fit

within that

plan.

____

Many local

and regional

planning

commissions

have

computerized

resource

inventories or

“constraints”

to help in your

site planning

process.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 17

Vermont Department of Education

Site considerations include:

 Convenient location for school activities and non school

functions the school facility may serve;

 Safe highway access; and safe traffic pattern around the school;

 Aesthetic appeal;

 Access to municipal services for water supply and sewage

disposal or suitable conditions for developing on-site services;

 Sufficient usable land for all the programs the school would

provide;

 Conditions for economical construction and site development;

 Enough space for the necessary service delivery areas for the

school;

 Noise levels in the surrounding areas; and

 Space to accommodate the growth potential of the district.

The site should also be safe from traffic, and well away from rivers and

streams that might flood or threaten student safety, areas that are likely

to contain archeological sites, and industrial or agricultural operations

that might present environmental hazards.

Land owned by another legal entity may be counted if the school has

permanent unrestricted use of it, a community recreation field adjacent

to the school property for example. However, state school construction

aid can only apply to construction or site development costs on land

owned outright by the district or land for which the district has a clear

title in fee simple or a permanent deeded easement or right-of-way.

_________________________________________________________

Anticipating the Next

School Development

While no one can know the future, we can plan intelligently for the

choices it might offer us. This is an obligation all elected school

officials have to the communities they represent.

A major consideration in planning a school expansion project must be

the options that will be available when the school district again needs

more space. Several factors beyond the utility issues discussed

elsewhere in this document will bear on the choice the district will then

have. These include the size of the project site now, and the

possibilities for adding more useable land to it at a later date. The

Sites should

be safe from

traffic, and

well away

from rivers

and streams

that might

flood or

threaten

student

safety, areas

that are likely

to contain

archeological

sites, and

industrial or

agricultural

operations

that might

present

environmenta

l hazards.

____

While no one

can know the

future, we

can plan

intelligently

for the

choices it

might offer

us.

18 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

desirability and practicality of constructing a future addition to the

building, and the similar needs of other schools and districts in the region

could eventually lead to joint school operations.

The desirability of a future addition will be an outgrowth of the size and

design of the building when the current project is completed. It will also

be related to the prospects for consolidation of this school with other

schools of the district or of this district with another district in the years

ahead. Community concerns about a school becoming too big can

sometimes become a real issue in trying to win approval for funding an

addition. On the other hand, site limitations may rule out a future

addition. If neither of these circumstances exist or even if they might,

you should be looking for a design for your project that will keep as

many options as possible open to the district in the years to come.

Look for a layout that would allow for the easy addition of more

classrooms and ready enlargement of core and support facilities. The

design also should allow for low cost reallocation of space if the need

arises. In other words, the shape of some rooms should permit them to

be subdivided. Others should be easy to combine if larger spaces may

someday be needed. This all calls for careful planning of mechanical

systems so that adding or removing partitions can be done without major

alterations to these systems. You should discuss with your architect how

best to plan your project so that it will be adaptable to future uses of the

building including possible non-educational uses.

_________________________________________________________

Consolidation

School consolidation and school district consolidation may be part of the

thinking going into school building plans. This is especially true where a

school board is planning a project that will represent the maximum

development appropriate for an existing school site. If this is your

situation, look for your next school site now, or talk with other school

boards about an eventual merger, or both.

_________________________________________________________

Re-locatable Units

A re-locatable unit is a supplementary educational facility, generally

manufactured or fabricated off-site, moved to and erected at the desired

location. All prefabricated structures are subject to the same

requirements of the Department of Labor and Industry and the

Department of Education as are other construction projects.

Look for a

layout that

would allow

for the easy

addition of

classrooms

and ready

enlargement

of core and

support

facilities.

____

Discuss with

your

architect

how best to

plan your

project so

that it will be

adaptable to

future uses

of the

building

including

possible non

-educational

uses.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 19

Vermont Department of Education

Before purchasing a re-locatable unit, a school board must see that all

state agency requirements are met. As with other construction projects,

an inspection by the required state agencies will be arranged to ensure

that all building codes are being met.

__________________________________________________________

Committees

School boards often find it useful to ask community representatives to

help examine school needs, evaluate various alternatives for meeting

those needs, and assist with the planning and completion of a

construction project. A building committee, for instance, can be a good

sounding board to use in selecting an architect and choosing the final

design for a project. Such committees may be comprised of people who

have special expertise to offer and people who represent various interests

within the community. The broader the participation in the development

of a school construction proposal, the better will be the school board's

presentation of the project to the voters for funding. The board,

however, needs to be explicit in its charge to any such committee so that

its tasks are clearly defined. The final decision-making responsibility

rests with the school board as the elected representatives of the

community.

__________________________________________________________

Preliminary Plan Review

State Board of Education Rules require a meeting of school district and

state agency representatives to review preliminary architectural plans for

school additions, renovations and new buildings. This review should

occur before the warning for a public vote on a project is published in

order to inform the voters of how much of the project is eligible for

construction aid and how much will be fully funded by the district. (See

V.S.A., T. 24 , §1758(b)) Preliminary reviews may also be needed for

other kinds of projects. Contact the Department of Education for a

determination for other types of projects.

The purpose of the meeting is to expedite the final state review of the

completed working drawings for the project. At a preliminary review

meeting the state agencies will advise school officials of any problems

they see with the plans with respect to their agency rules and regulations,

and the approved educational specifications. Based on the Capital

Outlay Financing Formula the Department of Education will usually be

A building

committee

can be a

good

sounding

board to

use in

selecting an

architect

and

choosing

the final

design for a

project.

____

The

broader the

participation

in the

developme

nt of a

school

construction

proposal,

the better

will be the

school

board's

presentatio

n of the

project to

the voters

for funding.

20 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

able to advise at this meeting the estimated level of state financial

assistance the project may receive.

Preliminary plans submitted for review must contain the details listed in

Appendix E.

_________________________________________________________

Capital Outlay Formula

Construction aid for a new school or an addition to an existing school is

subject to limits established by rule of the State Board of Education.

This rule is known as the Capital Outlay Financing Formula. (Details

of the formula are included in section starting on page 59). The Capital

Outlay establishes the minimum and maximum square footage

allowances for programs and services by grade range and class size and

the maximum cost for the total construction beyond which the state

cannot participate.

Although this step is a requirement of the school capital construction

program , it does not limit what a district may choose to build. If a

project exceeds the allowances established by the Capital Outlay, the

local district must assume the additional costs.

The Capital

Outlay

establishes

the

minimum

and

maximum

square

footage

allowances

for

programs

and

services by

grade range

and class

size. The

Outlay

formula

includes a

maximum

gross

square

footage by

grade range

and school

size beyond

which the

state

cannot

participate.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 21

Vermont Department of Education

Professional Assistance &

Methods of Construction

Consultants

Identifying the best long-term construction project course to recommend demands a great deal

of time. Employing a private consultant can be a valuable investment. There are a number of

professionals available.

When considering a consultant, look for a person or firm with strong experience with the

issues you may be studying and first-rate communication skills. You will want someone who

is practical and comfortable to work with and familiar with Vermont’s various permitting

requirements. Finding a suitable consultant can entail a process similar to hiring an architect.

Employment of any consultant should be based on a contract that spells out what services the

consultant is to provide and when. It should specify how much these services will cost and

the manner in which you will pay for them. It should also specify how any extra services you

might want the consultant to give you beyond those described are to be billed. Again, the

board attorney should review any contract.

Selection of an Architect

Vermont State Board of Education Manual of Rules and Practices (Rule) requires that the

plans and specifications for school construction aid projects involving alterations of existing

spaces and construction of new instructional space be prepared by an architect licensed to

practice in Vermont. For other types of construction, unless the Commissioner of Education

permits otherwise, plans and specifications must be prepared by a registered architect or a

registered professional engineer. The architect is responsible for designing the project to meet

the approved educational specifications and all pertinent state codes and requirements.

Recruiting an architect may begin with letting the design community know that you have a

project in mind. A small newspaper advertisement is likely to draw a number of responses

from interested firms. The school board is likely to want to interview a smaller number of

firms. Choosing which firms to interview takes a bit of work. Start by looking at the

information each firm sends you, this will usually include descriptions of recent commissions.

Talk to the owners of those projects, and the general contractors. If possible, go visit some of

22 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

the buildings. If the project is renovation or an addition to a historic school, look for

inclusion of a historic preservation professional on the architectural team. Look for a history

of good communication, imaginative design, good choices of materials in the design, and

good cost estimating. Do not be deterred by lack of school experience. Be concerned more

about the scale of previous projects the firm has handled compared to your own.

The school board will also be looking to the architect to provide the district with a design

that can be expected to be economical throughout the useful life of the project. Is the firm

being considered capable of developing data on life cycle costs for the choices of mechanical

and structural systems and the materials with which the project will be built? Upfront costs

must be balanced against the long term costs of upkeep in any construction project. The

architect should have a good record of providing prior clients with reliable long-term

information.

Look for experience with projects where public bidding was required. Look at the bid

histories. Did the projects attract a good number of qualified bidders? Were the bids

received relatively close from lowest to highest?

If a firm has previously done school work, the Department of Education and school officials

in other districts may be able to share some history with you.

If all of the inquiries lead to positive answers, you have a good prospect to interview.

The interview itself is an opportunity for the board to try to assess what kind of chemistry

will exist between you and the architectural firm. Discuss with each interviewee your time

frame for the completion of your project to see whether it actually fits the anticipated

workload of the firm. You should also ask about the engineering services the firm uses.

Does the firm work with the same engineering consultants from one project to another? If

not, why?

What about fees? Fees vary between architectural firms and should be discussed/negotiated

prior to contracting for services.

Prior to a successful bond vote, what financial arrangement is the firm willing to make to do

the necessary preliminary work to get you to the bond vote? There are no standards on this,

but a common approach is for a firm to agree to do preliminary design work and cost

estimating for you on an hourly rate, up to a maximum figure, to prepare the project for

presentation to the voters. The firm should be clear as to exactly what fees and expenses it

will bill to the board. The firm you select will be committing real time and professional

effort to your project prior to the bond vote. The board should be prepared to pay the

reasonable cost of such services. In any event, cost is only one of the factors to be

considered in selection of the architect.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 23

Vermont Department of Education

After the voters have approved a proposed project, the school board should negotiate a

contract with the architect for the final design work and project supervision. The contract

should specify precisely what services the firm will furnish to the board and the manner of

board payments to the firm. The board should have an attorney review any proposed

contracts with the architect before signing. Do not complete such a contract prior to voter

approval.

Clerk-of-the-Works

16 V.S.A. § 3448(a)(5)(B)(iii) requires that the local board hire someone competent in the

building trades to supervise the construction project. The clerk-of-the-works is the person

responsible for overseeing the completion of the project in accordance with the approved

plans and specifications and to notify the relevant state agencies of any changes during the

construction project. This is an important position. This person is the board's representative

on the project. He or she must be knowledgeable in construction methods and materials and

have very good communication skills.

The clerk-of-the-works is the liaison with the contractor and all subcontractors through the

contractor’s superintendent. He or she needs to attend and report to the board on all

conferences held at the project site. A good clerk will maintain orderly files at the site for

correspondence, shop drawings and reproductions of all original contract documents. The

duties also include keeping a daily log book recording the hours on site, weather conditions,

lists of visiting officials and jurisdiction, daily activities, decisions, general observations and

specific observations in the case of observing test procedures. The board should take the

time to interview a number of applicants and seek the advice of the architect who may have

had a previous working relationship with the applicant. Most important, the clerk should

have a good record of providing prior clients with reliable service.

The usual duties, responsibilities and expectations for a clerk-of-the-works are included in

Appendix H.

Methods of Construction

There are two basic contracting methods utilized in the school construction industry: the

general contractor or traditional approach, and the construction management approach.

Utilizing a single bid general contractor to handle the construction and deal with all

subcontractors has the advantage of simplicity for the school board. The board and its

attorney only have one construction contract to negotiate and sign, and the school board does

not need to manage subcontracts.

24 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

This section of the guide includes some general definitions of the construction management

(CM) approach for construction and explains the bidding requirements, including the pre-

qualification process for both the traditional approach and CM methods.

Public Bidding Requirements

When any school building improvement of any sort costs between $15,000 and $500,000,

the Public Bids statute (16 V.S.A. § 559) requires that a school board publicly advertises for

or invites three or more bids from persons deemed capable of providing the items or services

to be purchased. The department advises boards to both advertise for and invite bidders to

assure maximum response.

On construction contracts with a value of $500,000.00 or more, school boards are required

by statute to publicly advertise at least 60 days prior to the opening of bids for contractors

interested in bidding. Furthermore, school boards must pre-qualify bidders on construction

contracts by establishing eligibility criteria for bidders. The school board must notify all

applicants of their eligibility to bid on the contract at least 30 days prior to the bid opening.

The notice to those qualified to bid must contain information on the availability of the plans

and specifications and how bids are to be submitted. See Rule 6300.

Rules for Pre-qualification

of Bidders on Contracts Over $500,000

Rule 6450 requires a school board, when soliciting bids on a construction project, to publicly

advertise that it is seeking interested bidders to apply for pre-qualification. The

advertisement must include a description of the project, the anticipated bid opening, where

and when pre-qualification statements are to be received, and that the pre-qualification

statements are to be received on AIA-A305 forms as amended from time to time.

The board should work with its architect to create these criteria, but at a minimum the

criteria needs to include the interested bidder to provide evidence of the following:

 a clear and stable organizational structure;

 resumés of key personnel;

 hold licenses or registrations appropriate to the work to be performed;

 experience or expertise with related projects;

 a current construction load that would not interfere with the company’s ability to

perform the work;

 positive references from credible and knowledgeable sources; and

 any other lawful criteria established by the school board specific to the

qualifications of the contractor to perform the work required in a timely manner.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 25

Vermont Department of Education

Once a list of pre-qualified bidders is established, school boards must consider all bids

submitted by eligible bidders meeting the deadline and, for projects over $500,000,

must award the contract to the lowest responsible bidder. If the two lowest bids ar e

within 1% of each other, the board may choose either bid {16 V.S.A. § 559(c)(2)}. The

department has interpreted this provision as follows: if the difference between the two

lowest bids is less than one percent of the lowest bid, either can be awarded the contract.

Construction Management

If a school board chooses to use the Construction Management process for a construction

project, the bid process is slightly different.

Construction Management is a service provided by a professional construction manager.

The construction manager need not be, and in some cases is not, a general contractor. The

construction manager may work solely as a professional advisor to the school district in

much the same way as the architect. In this case, the construction manager would not

perform any construction activities. Crafting a clear contract is crucial.

The construction manager typically handles project scheduling, cost estimating, construction

process consulting, project management and other pre-bid tasks necessary to fully develop

the design to the point where it is ready for bidding.

Selection of a Construction Manager

as the Constructor

More typically the construction manager has the capacity to serve as the general contractor.

In this form of contract, prior to the start of construction, the construction manager works as

advisor to the school district handling project management and other pre-bid tasks necessary

to fully develop the design to the point where it is ready for bidding. During the

construction period, the construction manager acts as the constructor, supplying the

materials, labor and supervision necessary to complete the project.

Bidding Requirements for Construction

Manager/Constructor

When selecting the construction management approach for school construction, school

districts must still use the process outlined in 16 V.S.A. § 559 and Rules 6440 – 6490. The

construction manager/constructor cannot be engaged without competitively bidding against

other qualified construction managers/constructors.

In addition to the requirements detailed above, upon completion of the pre-qualification

process, the school board must request at a minimum the following information from those

construction management firms eligible to bid:

26 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

 a list and description of services to be provided;

 a fixed fee for construction management services with a list and detailed

breakdown of each item;

 a fixed fee for construction services to cover overhead and profit; and,

 a fixed fee for general conditions provided with a list and detailed description of

each item.

The school district’s bid specifications should clearly identify and list the criteria which

will be used to determine which bid is lowest. Otherwise, a dispute could arise,

delaying the construction project. Once bidders are pre-qualified, the district is obligated to

consider them equally, solely on the basis of costs as reflected in the bids as received.

Because the law requires the contract to be awarded to the lowest pre-qualified bidder (with

the 1% exception noted), any qualitative considerations are only appropriate in the pre-

qualification process.

16 V.S.A. § 559 (c)(2) provides that if the two lowest responsible bids are within one

percent of each other, the board may award the contract to either bidder as previously

described in the Public Bidding Requirements section.

If a school district has contracted with a general contractor, the GC’s subcontracts are not the

legal concern or obligation of the school district. However, the relationship is distinctly

different when the school district uses construction management.

Where a school board has contracted with a construction manager, the board remains

responsible for public bidding pursuant to 16 V.S.A. § 559 for all purchases or contracts

exceeding $15,000 for school building construction, improvements, materials, supplies, and

equipment. All bids must be opened and reviewed at a warned school board meeting. The

use of artificially small bid packages (less than $15,000) to avoid the need to competitively

bid components of the work is not allowable.

Because public school districts are subject to their own set of bid laws and requirements (16

V.S.A. § 559 and Vermont State Board of Education Manual of Rules and Practices),

architects and construction managers may not be familiar with them. Common practices in

the private sector may not be allowable for public school construction, and vice versa. The

school board is responsible for adhering to the public bid requirements. However, the

department will determine compliance relative to state aid eligibility. Bidding for a

general contractor is a more straightforward process than bidding for construction

management, and school boards may wish to consult an attorney when bidding and

contracting for CM services.

Guaranteed Maximum Price

With the construction management method of contracting, it is not unusual for the

construction manager/constructor to establish a "guaranteed maximum price" (GMP) during

the early stages of the project. This is often an attractive component of this method because

it allows the school district to have a higher degree of confidence in the project cost earlier in

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 27

Vermont Department of Education

the process. This "guaranteed maximum price" is typically not based on final construction

documents but rather on whatever plans and specifications are available at the moment that

the "guarantee" is made and may contain some type of contingency amount to cover costs

for work not yet shown in the documents. When a school board is considering the

construction manager/constructor with the guaranteed maximum price approach, it is

still necessary to comply with the Public Bid statute 16 V.S.A., § 559.

Furthermore, Rule 6490.1 requires that whenever the cumulative result of the bidding

process for the total scope of the project plus general conditions and fixed fees is less than

guaranteed maximum price, 100% of the savings will be returned to the school district.

When bids are received and the project costs exceeds the GMP, the school board may reject

any and all bids and solicit new bids for any portion of the work to be done, renegotiate the

GMP, or require performance as per the GMP agreement.

Performance Bonds

Regardless of which form of construction contracting the school board chooses to use for the

project, Rule 6127 requires that contractors chosen for a construction aid project be covered

by a performance bond or irrevocable letter of credit in an amount equal to the awarded

contract. This is to ensure completion of the work should the contractor be unable to meet

the terms of the contract.

If the school board is using a construction management approach to construction, it should

know if the construction manager/constructor will carry the performance bond for all the sub

-contractors or if the construction manager is expecting all bidders awarded contracts to

carry a performance bond or letter of credit. Regardless of the method, it is important to

remember that the requirement for having a performance bond on the project still applies.

Communications

It is necessary to maintain communication throughout the project among the board, clerk-of-

the-works, architect, contractor and superintendent. To ensure the best possible

communication among all parties concerned, the board must designate one person, generally

the school superintendent, to speak for the board throughout the project to a building

committee, the project architect, engineer, state agencies and the general contractor. Failure

of a school board to designate such a spokesperson will lead to contradictory signals among

the parties, lost time and energy, as well as added costs.

28 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 29

Vermont Department of Education

Suggested

Procedures for

School Boards

The Chronology of a Project:

Some of the steps described may not apply to certain types of projects, or might occur

concurrently with others. As you confer with the Department of Education on your project,

you will be advised of those steps that can be omitted or occur simultaneously.

Complete a facility analysis to determine the school building’s deficiencies and

space needs (See Appendix A). This study needs to include input from the other

agencies with rules affecting school occupancy, such as the Department of Labor

and Industry and the Agency of Natural Resources. Schools should ask state agency

representatives to identify for the board any areas of the existing building requiring work to

meet current codes as well as any the site issues which will have to be addressed. The

analysis must demonstrate the need for the proposed project and include the supportive

documentation of that need. Code violations identified by any state agency will need to be

corrected within the time frame established by the agency regardless of whether or not

construction occurs. (See agency section beginning on page 37).

Prepare to submit to the Commissioner of Education for approval a preliminary

application. The preliminary application (or Letter of Intent) must include the

facility analysis and the alternative educational and physical solutions available.

The preliminary application should be submitted in the year prior to wanting construction

aid (See Application section beginning on page 71).

A Department representative will advise the board if the school district meets at

least one of the criteria for eligibility for construction aid as defined by T.16,

V.S.A. §3448, and discuss alternatives for meeting local needs.

30 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Alternatives may include:

a. renovation rather than an addition to meet all needs;

b. use of an existing municipal facility which might be adapted

for some school uses;

c. a neighboring district with similar needs might want to talk about consolidation or

district formation to make more efficient use of capital and the money going into

the operation of school programs;

d. other alternatives; or

e. a new school

The Department of Education will schedule a pre-construction evaluation. During

these inspections the Department will use the facility analysis to verify the

demonstrated need for the proposed project by using the State Board of Education’s

System for Rating Proposed School Construction Projects (See Appendix C).

The district may appeal the department’s findings to the State Board within thirty days of

receiving it.

In December of each year the State Board will use the rating system to place voter approved

proposed projects on a list in order of priority. The Board will submit the list to the

legislature the following January for a determination of funding for the following fiscal year.

With the help of an architect, use the facility analysis, the findings of the state

inspections and the results of the state rating of the existing need to determine the

feasibility of resolving the needs of the district. Assess whether an addition or

alterations at the existing site will meet the needs of the school; or, if a new school seems a

wiser choice, where it should go. Analyze the financial capacity of the district to support a

project with or without construction aid and decide whether planning for a construction

project should continue or if the board should pursue alternative means for meeting district

needs.

If construction planning is to continue, commission the architect to prepare

preliminary designs based on the approved educational specifications. An outline

to help with the development of educational specifications can be found in

Appendix D.

Begin a public information program. Throughout all of the steps in this chronology,

the board should ensure that the citizens are fully informed of the needs of the

school, school board recommendations for meeting those needs, and the progress

being made on the development and completion of the project.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 31

Vermont Department of Education

Utilize the architect to assist the board through the further steps leading to a public

vote on the project. Provide the architect with the approved educational

specifications for the project and the reports on hazardous containing materials in

the school building prepared by the Department of Health or another professional evaluator.

Other types of construction projects may require you to engage in the services of a

professional engineer. (Refer to Selection of Architect. on page 21).

If land must be purchased or leased, care should be taken to see that necessary legal

procedures are followed. If state construction aid is desired, a school district must

have permanent unrestricted access to any leased land upon which a school is to be

erected. Review utility services including electricity, water and sewage disposal conditions

at the existing school site and costs for bringing such services to any new site the board may

be considering. For any site not served by municipal systems for both water and sewage the

board must employ professional engineering services for this review. Any project will

require consultation with the Agency of Natural Resources. The cost of engineering reviews

of sewage disposal conditions on an existing or proposed school site can be considerable.

Depending upon availability, a planning loan can be funded through a state

Department of Environmental Conservation planning advance or through

the Vermont/Federal EPA revolving fund (CWSRF). Loans that are funded

through a state planning advance are not due for repayment until the project proceeds to

construction. Loans funded through the CWRSF must be repaid commencing five years

following approval of the preliminary engineering report or issuance of a water and

wastewater permit, or five years after the last payment under the loan has been processed,

which ever occurs first. Planning loans through the CWRSF can be consolidated with

construction loans when such construction funding is provided by the Department of

Environmental Conservation for wastewater system improvements.

Construction activities, either at existing or new sites, may also trigger a

variety of other permitting requirements from the Agency of Natural

Resources, Act 250 or other local and state or federal agencies. Due to the

fact that some permitting processes can require several months to complete and that state

agency approvals are necessary for Department of Education approvals for funding, it is very

important to initiate these processes as early as possible. Therefore, it is strongly advised that

the Department of Environmental Conservation Regional Permitting Specialist be contacted

when assessing site considerations during the preliminary steps of the planning process. The

permit specialist will help identify all the necessary permits and provide regulatory staff

contacts for your project.

32 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

If the Commissioner has approved the pre-application, the school board,

once it is satisfied with a design, may submit six sets of preliminary

architectural plans to the Department of Education for approval. This

should be done before the architect develops the final cost estimates on the project or a vote

for funding is warned. Refer to Appendix E for more details.

The Department of Education will arrange a preliminary review where all relevant state

agencies can comment on the proposed plans and can provide information essential to the

successful completion of the project.

Review with the school board attorney the procedures for conducting a

vote of the electorate both on the project and the acquisition of any new

land necessary to carry it out.

At this point, the school board may warn for and conduct a vote on the

project in accordance with V.S.A., T.17, §2641 and V.S.A. , T.24 , §1758.

The district must warn for the entire estimated cost of the construction

project.

Establish a checking account and a system of cost accounting for the project

separate from the accounting system for district operations when the project

has received voter approval. The requirement of separate accounting does

not apply to emergency projects for which a school board seeks construction aid under the

provisions of T.16, §3448(d).

Arrange financing for the design and construction work. In most cases

school construction projects are financed by the sale of bonds. The school

board will need legal assistance to prepare a bond issue. The board may

market the bonds of the district through the Vermont Municipal Bond Bank or through a

commercial bank. Short-term loans may be needed at the outset of a project to pay bills

incurred before the bonds are sold. Smaller projects are often funded entirely through short-

term loans of no more than one year.

Commission an architect to prepare final plans and bid documents.

Depending on the size of the project this work may take several weeks up to

several months.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 33

Vermont Department of Education

At this point, the school board can start to submit a final application for

State Board of Education approval of the project. The form for applying for

a grant of construction aid is available through the Department of

Education. Consult with the Department as to what information must be included as exhibits

with the form to complete the application. (See Application section beginning on page 71).

Submit final plans and specifications to all applicable agencies:

a) Department of Education,

b) Department of Labor and Industry,

c) Department of Environmental Conservation, Agency of Natural Resources,

d) Division for Historic Preservation (for alterations or additions to buildings more than

50 years old),

e) Department of Agriculture, and

f) Department of Transportation

The school must also submit the project plans to the Act 250 District Environmental Control

Commission to determine if the project is subject to review by the commission. If Act 250

review is necessary, the school board must complete that process before the State Board of

Education can approve the project for school construction aid.

Advertise for and pre-qualify all interested bidders on the project in

accordance with State Board Rule 6300 et al and T. 16, §559. The board

architect and attorney can advise on appropriate bidding procedures for

your project. A school board may request bids on a project any time after the final plans and

specifications have been completed.

Employ or otherwise retain the services of a clerk-of-the-works to ensure

the completion of the project in accordance with the approved plans and

specifications and to notify the relevant state agencies of any structural or

material changes during the construction of the project. Since this person is the board's

representative on the project, she/he should have extensive experience in construction and

should be able to perform the duties of the clerk on behalf of the school board as described in

Appendix H. (See section on clerk-of-the-works, page 23).

Select a general contractor in accordance with V.S.A., T.16, §559. If the

board awards a contract for the project prior to approval of final project

plans by the state agencies, the bid award should be made subject to such

approvals.

Note: If your project includes additions and alterations to an existing building,

scheduling of the work of the general contractor will call for particularly careful planning.

34 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

The work schedule must be developed to minimize disruptions to school programs and to keep

students and staff away from the potential hazards of the work area. The Department of Labor

and Industry has specific requirements for protection of occupants during construction. You will

also need to budget and plan for relocations of some parts of the school operations to allow for

the construction work. This may necessitate renting temporary space for programs and storage,

hiring movers, and buying packing boxes and so forth.

The Department of Education will notify the superintendent of schools when

the application for construction aid is complete.

Construction may not begin before a completed application is submitted to and

approved by the State Board of Education Except for emergency projects, under $100,000

beginning construction prior to receiving State Board approval will jeopardize state aid.

Once the State Board of Education approves the final application, the

commissioner or his/her designee will notify the district that construction may

begin. Once the project has received State Board approval, any changes you

may wish to make that relate to state agency requirements or the approved educational

specifications must receive the appropriate state agency’s approval before they are incorporated

into the construction.

Note: The Department of Labor and Industr y will, and the Agency of Natural Resources

may conduct progress inspections during the construction phase of the project. Some of these

inspections must be made while electrical, plumbing and sewage systems are still visible.

Electrical and plumbing inspections must be requested by the licensed persons responsible for

the work directly to the appropriate inspector for the region in which the project is located.

The school district must notify the Department of Education by letter when

construction actually starts, and the school district has incurred expenses equal

to or greater than 15 percent of the approved project cost. The Department will

then ask the State Board of Education to approve a first award to the school district of half of the

estimated construction aid the project is to receive.

With the advice of the architect, the board will normally work out a schedule of

payments to the general contractor as the construction progresses, and an agreed

percentage of each request for payment to be held back until the project is

satisfactorily completed.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 35

Vermont Department of Education

When the board is satisfied that the construction has been completed

according to the approved specifications, schedule an inspection of the

work by all concerned state agencies. The inspection will determine that

the work meets all state agency requirements necessary for occupancy of the building.

School administrators, the project architect, general contractor and the clerk of the works

should all participate in the final

state inspection. Any discrepancies found in the project during this inspections must be

corrected to the satisfaction of the school board and the appropriate state agencies before the

Department of Education can issue the school board the balance of the construction aid due

on the project. Notify the Department of Education in writing when deficiencies found have

been corrected.

Request a final inspection of the project from the Department of Education.

The district must have available or submitted to the Department a

commissioning report and an air balance report on the mechanical

ventilation systems that certifies compliance with the minimum requirements specified in

Rule 6143 and with all other provisions of the commissioning plan for the project. The

completed punch list and all applicable agency approvals must also be available at the time

of the Department of Education inspection.

Request a Department of Education audit (Appendix I) of the project when canceled checks

and invoices for all project costs are returned. When the audit is completed, and subject to

the availability of funds, a final award will be made to the school district based on

Department of Education determination of the total eligible cost of the project for

construction aid purposes. If the school board is financing the project by a bond issue and the

proceeds are insufficient to cover the final bills, the school board may need a short-term loan

to complete payment of those bills so that the project can be audited.

Upon completion of the project, arrangements need to be made to safely

and securely store the “as built” drawings, specifications book, operating

manuals, a list of all change orders, and the designs for the septic and water

systems. These documents will be necessary if and when an addition or modification is done

to the building.

36 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 37

Vermont Department of Education

Roles of

State Agencies

For construction projects to be eligible for state aid, they must meet any

standards of other agencies that apply to school construction.

By now it is obvious that a number of state agencies may become involved

to complete a school construction project. The following section describes

the jurisdiction of each agency and where more specific information can

be found. If the board follows the project development chronology as

described, the Department of Education will coordinate the initial

involvement of each agency with the school board to ensure that the school

board and its architect receive all the information they will need when they

need it. This will ease the time demands on the school board,

administration and architect, as well as state agency personnel.

___________________________________________________________

Department of Public Safety

The Department of Public Safety is involved with every project that

involves modifications to a school building, even if the project will not

receive state financial support. This department also has standards for

existing school buildings not involved with renovation projects and may

make periodic safety inspections as the need may arise. The Division

of Fire Safety, Department of Public Safety, administers

the 2005 Vermont Fire & Building Safety Code, based on the 2003

edition of the Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) and the Uniform Fire Code

(NFPA 1), published by the National Fire Protection Association, and the

International Building Code published by the International Code Council

(ICC). The Division also enforces the ASME Standards for boilers and

pressure vessels, the 2005 edition of the National Electrical Code (NFPA

70), the 2003 edition of the International Plumbing Code (ICC), the 2004

edition of the Safety Code for Elevators (ASME 17.1 & 17.3), the 2003

edition of the Safety Standard for Platform Lifts (ASME 18.1) and the

Vermont Access Rules that incorporates ADA requirements.

Before construction can begin, the Department of Public Safety must

review the plans for compliance with the Vermont Fire & Building Safety

Code and the Vermont Access Rules and issue a construction permit. The

Department’s construction permit application requires the architect to

certify that the project complies with the “Vermont Guidelines for Energy

If the board

follows the

project

developmen

t chronology

described,

the

Department

Education

will

coordinate

the initial

involvement

of each

agency with

the school

board to

ensure that

the school

board and

its architect

receive all

the

information

they will

need when

they need it.

This will

ease the

time

demands on

the school

board,

administrati

on and

architect, as

well as state

agency

personnel.

38 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Efficient Construction", as published by the Vermont Department of

Public Service. Review of projects for other codes enforced by the

division is completed primarily by field inspection. This agency does

charge a fee for its services. The fees are based on the valuation

of construction work to be performed. To avoid any delay with permit

approval, submit the application and fees with final drawings a minimum

of two weeks before the anticipated start of construction.

The Department of Public Safety’s main office is located in Barre and

has regional offices in Williston, Barre, Rutland and Springfield that are

responsible for review of plans and construction documents, and

scheduling of school inspections. Go to the Division's website for more

information:

http://www.vtfiresafety.org for regional maps, addresses, and phone

numbers.

__________________________________________________________

Department of Education

The Department of Education administers the State Board rules for

school construction and provides technical assistance to school officials

on the process of construction planning for projects receiving state

school construction aid. The School Construction Team of the

Department administers the School Construction Aid program

including standards for classroom lighting, heating and ventilation for

school buildings.

__________________________________________________________

Dept. of Environmental

Conservation

Agency of Natural Resources

The Department of Environmental Conservation, or DEC, along with the

Departments of Forest, Parks and Recreation and Fish and Wildlife

comprise the Agency of Natural Resources. DEC is responsible for the

overall goal of conserving and enhancing Vermont’s natural resources

and protecting human health. This is achieved through the administration

of more that 40 specific regulatory programs which include dealing with

wastewater disposal, water supply, waste management (hazardous waste

and solid waste management), contaminated sites, impacts on both

ground and surface water quality, erosion control, wetlands wildlife and

air quality.

Where municipal water mains and sewers exist, connecting to them is a

The

Department of

Education

administers the

State board

rules for school

construction

and provides

technical

assistance to

school officials

on the process

of construction

planning for

projects

receiving state

school

construction

aid.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 39

Vermont Department of Education

matter of design and installation of piping and capacity of those systems.

Much more detailed evaluations are necessary for schools that must

construct water supply and sewage disposal utilities on their own sites.

Not all sites can supply safe water in sufficient quantity or adequately

treat and safely dispose of sewage generated by the school. Department

of Environmental Conservation staff are available to assist schools in

understanding water and sewage needs and systems criteria and design.

They will make site visits with the sanitary engineering consultant for

school boards early in the school planning process. Also the Department

administers a no-interest loan program to assist school boards with the

cost of engineering studies to determine suitability of school sites for

subsurface sewage disposal.

Although school expansions at existing sites or a new school site will

probably require review and/or permits for water supply and wastewater,

many other permits or reviews may also be required, including Act 250.

In addition, there can be site development constraints created both by

previous use and current natural or cultural resources that impact both the

short-term uses of a site and potential for expansion. Early detection of

these factors can make a huge difference in the success of a project.

Therefore, it is strongly advised that the permit specialist is contacted

when looking at site considerations and doing the preliminary planning

steps of the process.

Permit specialists located in each regional office assist applicants in

identifying all potential state permits or approvals (including ACT 250)

for any given project as well as providing preliminary information on

DEC jurisdictions. Use the following address to locate a permit

specialist on the internet: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/ead/pa/

index.htm. This team of specialists is also the primary editors of the

DEC Permit Handbook, a complete compendium of information on all

Vermont regulatory program is available online at

http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/permit_hb/index.htm

Although DEC and Act 250 interface, they operate under separate

authority. However, most environmental permits are issued by DEC.

DEC staff are located at the main office in Waterbury and five regional

offices located in Essex, Barre, St. Johnsbury, Springfield, and Rutland

(See Regional Map page 45). DEC work activities range from technical

assistance and training to development and issuance of regulations and

permits.

Department of

Environmental

Conservation

staff are

available to

assist schools

in understand-

ing water and

sewage

needs and

systems

criteria and

design. They

will make site

visits with the

sanitary

engineering

consultant for

school boards

early in the

school

planning

process.

____

DEC work

activities

range from

technical

assistance

and training to

development

and issuance

of regulations

and permits.

40 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Act 250 Review

School officials involved with the design of a new school or an addition

or other improvements to an existing school need to obtain a

jurisdictional opinion from the District Environmental Coordinator for

their area regarding Act 250 jurisdiction over the project. Assuming

that there is jurisdiction, an early determination should help provide for

a smooth application process that could take anywhere from 30 to 90

days. The time spent in the process is largely dependent on how well

issues such as prime farmland, animal habitat, sewage disposal,

architectural compatibility and traffic circulation have been worked out

before hand.

A new school project involving more than 10 acres of land including

lawns, playing fields, parking areas, roadway, leaching fields and

accessory buildings will fall under the jurisdiction of Act 250.

Jurisdiction may also attach if you are proposing an addition or other

construction of improvements to an existing facility that does not have

an Act 250 permit (involving more than ten acres) and if the addition is

viewed as a substantial change (i.e. it may result in significant impact

with respect to any of the environmental criteria of Act 250). Any

construction of improvements involving a material change to an

existing facility with an Act 250 permit will require an amendment to

that permit.

It is best to ask the local District Environmental Coordinator for a

jurisdictional opinion early in the planning process. (See Page 45 for

addresses and phone numbers).

_________________________________________________________

Department of Health

The Department of Health is responsible for assuring that schools abide

by the Federal Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).

Federal law requires that prior to a renovation the school check its

Asbestos Management Plan to determine if the area being disturbed

contains asbestos-containing materials. If so, then those asbestos

materials must be removed by certified abatement contractors prior to

the renovation. Federal law also requires that prior to occupancy of a

renovated or new school building, the Asbestos Management Plan be

updated or developed by an accredited Management Planner. The

Management Plan must include documents that include a signed

statement that asbestos-containing materials were not used in the

A new school

project

involving more

than 10 acres

of land

including

lawns, playing

fields, parking

areas,

roadway,

leaching fields

and accessory

buildings will

fall under the

jurisdiction of

Act 250.

____

Federal law

requires that

prior to a reno-

vation the

school check

its Asbestos

Management

Plan to deter-

mine if the area

being disturbed

contains as-

bestos materi-

als. If so, then

those asbestos

materials must

be removed by

certified abate-

ment contrac-

tors prior to the

renovation.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 41

Vermont Department of Education

renovation or new construction. The architect or project engineer can

sign this statement. Once that is obtained, a certified asbestos inspector

must then sign off on that statement. Both documents are added to the

Management Plan. The school may contact the Department of Health,

(asbestos and lead program) and request to have the staff asbestos

inspector sign off on the architect’s or engineer’s statement. There is

no charge for this service. (See pages 53 & 54).

The Department of Health is responsible for food service sanitation

standards (Chapter 5 subchapter 2 of the Vermont Health Regulations).

All food service and food preparation in schools must comply with

these standards. Copies of these regulations are available from the

Department of Health, or the Department of Health’s website.

This agency can provide information on radon and assist with the

collection of air samples to test for the presence of this naturally

occurring gas. The Department can also provide information regarding

testing for carbon dioxide levels in schools. This is often used as an

indicator of the quality of indoor air and may be useful when examining

a school’s ventilation system. The Department can provide information

and advice on how to check for adequate ventilation and contacts for

HVAC/IAQ companies.

_________________________________________________________

Division for Historic Preservation

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

The Division is part of the Department of Housing and Community

Affairs, in the Agency of Commerce and Community Development and

is the state office concerned with preserving historic and archeological

resources, including individual structures, groups of historic buildings

like village centers, historic landscapes, and prehistoric and historic

archeological sites. The Council is a governor-appointed citizen board

that under state law (22 VSA 14) reviews state-funded projects that may

adversely affect historic and archeological resources.

If an existing school is over 50 years old, it is probably historic, and

work should be planned to preserve its significant historic features,

while making the changes necessary to satisfy building codes, access

requirements, and other programmatic requirements. Schools on the

State Register of Historic Buildings must adhere to the Secretary of the

Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. The State Board of Education’s

Historic Preservation Policy promotes renovations to existing historic

school buildings in order to meet the educational needs of students.

The development team for a rehabilitation or addition project on a

The

Department

of Health can

provide

information

on radon and

assist with the

collection of

air samples to

test for the

presence of

this naturally

occurring gas.

____

If an existing

school is over

50 years old,

it is probably

historic, and

work should

be planned to

preserve its

significant

historic

features,

while making

the changes

necessary to

satisfy

building

codes,

access

requirements,

and other

programmatic

requirements.

42 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

historic school should include a professional with expertise and experience in

historic preservation. New construction in historic areas or places likely to

contain archeological sites should be planned with the services of a historic

preservation and/or archeological professional. The Advisory Council will

review projects that may have an adverse effect on a historic school,

surrounding historic district, or potential archeological resources.

Contact the Division to obtain information on historic schools, designated

historic districts, the likelihood of archeological resources on a site,

rehabilitation guidelines, and information on qualified historic preservation

and archeological consultants. The Division staffs the Council, and will

schedule a project review upon request. (See Page 49 for State Board policy

on Historic Preservation).

_________________________________________________________

Agency of Transportation

This agency reviews school sites selection when entrance to the site is made

from a state highway or state aided highway. It will assist the school board

in determining where the entrance to the site should be located to best ensure

the safest conditions for highway traffic flow.

When a driveway is to be developed or changed accessing the state highway,

a highway access permit is required. A permit is also required to work

within the highway rights-of-way. The Traffic Operations Section looks at

several other issues regarding traffic at a school site, including:

 roadway alignment to ensure adequate sight distances;

 traffic volumes that occur along that portion of the state highway and

the impact of the increased volumes;

 highway signs required to be relocated or revised;

 accident history along the stretch of highway involved; and,

 school bus issues.

New school locations may require some additional studies to determine the

adequacy of school bus stops on state highways. This should be addressed as

part of the traffic study associated with the site selection process. Districts

may contact the Traffic Operations Section at

828-2603.

Department of Agriculture

This department works with school boards that are selecting new school sites

to ensure that site selection and design minimize potential adverse impacts

on agricultural soils, and agricultural operations on nearby lands. In

addition, the department monitors agricultural operations to ensure that they

are in compliance with Vermont’s Accepted Agricultural Practice

regulations.

The Agency of

Transportation

will assist the

school board in

determining

where the

entrance to the

site should be

located to

best ensure

the safest

conditions for

highway traffic

flow.

____

New school

locations may

require some

additional

studies to

determine the

adequacy of

school bus

routes and the

associated

stopping

locations. This

should be

addressed as

part of the

traffic study

associated with

the site

selection

process.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 43

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont Municipal Bond Bank

The Vermont Municipal Bond Bank is a quasi-state agency that was

established in 1970 with a mandate to provide municipalities with access to

the tax-exempt municipal bond market at the lowest cost. The Bank can

provide assistance from the planning stage to the issuance of bonds. For

more information or with questions call 223-2717 or toll free (in Vermont)

800-894-2717.

_________________________________________________________

Department of Public Service

The Department of Public Service (DPS) and its Energy Efficiency Division

employ staff with expertise in the design, construction and operation of

energy efficient buildings. The Department has published a 38-page booklet,

Putting Energy into School Construction, a planning guide for anyone

involved with a school construction project. The guide explains how to

incorporate energy efficiency in a school project to gain the benefit of lower,

long-term operating costs. Copies are available by calling the Energy Action

line, 1-800-642-3281.

The Department also helps support the School Energy Management Program

at the Vermont Superintendents Association (VSA). This program has

access to a wide variety of resources, including the state-wide energy

efficiency utility, Efficiency Vermont. The goal of the program is to assist in

making new construction and retrofit projects in schools as energy-and-cost-

efficient as possible. Contact the VSA School Energy Management Program

at (802) 229-1017.

Information about how schools can take advantage of low-cost wood chip

heating systems is also available from the DPS. Contact the DPS biomass

staff at (802) 828-4056.

The

Department

of Public

Service

(DPS) has

published a

38-page

booklet,

Putting

Energy into

School

Construction

, a planning

guide for

anyone

involved with

a school

construction

project. The

guide

explains how

incorporate

energy

efficiency in

a school

project to

gain the

benefit of

lower, long-

term

operating

costs.

Copies are

available by

calling the

Energy

Action line, 1

-800-642-

44 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Department of Public Safety Regional Map

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 45

Vermont Department of Education

46 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 47

Vermont Department of Education

48 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 49

Vermont Department of Education

State Board Policy on Historic Preservation

Adopted August 19, 1997

Policy Statement

1. Whereas, schools traditionally have been located within the physical centers of Vermonts’s

communities and have been a major contributing factor to the sense of community in Vermont; and

2. Whereas, the State Board recognizes the contemporary and future benefits of maintaining that sense

of community in Vermont; and

3. Whereas, even in the event that a historic school is discontinued as an educational facility, it can

remain a valued landmark of the community’s heritage; and

4. Whereas, the costs and uses of rehabilitated buildings can be comparable to those of new

construction;

5. Whereas, continued use of historic schools is consistent with Vermont’s effort to focus public and

private investment in existing community centers and preserves the public infrastructure already embodied in

those centers;

It is therefore in the public interest to protect Vermont’s historic schools for future generations and it

shall be the policy of the Vermont State Board of Education that:

1. School districts be encouraged to use the existing infrastructure to meet the needs of Vermont’s

students and therefore funding for renovations, including major repairs, and additions to existing school

buildings shall be given preference over new school development taking into consideration the educational

needs of students and that the costs of rehabilitation do not unreasonably exceed the costs of such new

development.

2. With specific respect to historic school buildings listed on or eligible for the state or national

buildings and, wherever possible, rehabilitate or add to such buildings to permit continued use as a school

building.

3. Where an historic school building has been determined to be unsuitable for continued use as a

school, the Sstate Board encourages school districts to develop an adaptive reuse plan that incorporates a

historic preservation easement or covenant on the property in conjunction with any plans for an new school

building in order to avoid the abandonment or demolition of the historic building.

4. In furtherance of the above, the Department of Education shall work closely with the Division for

Historic Preservation on general rules and policies as well as on individual school construction projects to

ensure the Department’s responsibilities pursuant to 22 V.S.A. §743 (4) (“assure that ...plans, programs, codes

and regulations contribute to the preservation and enhancement of sites, structures and objects of historical,

architectural, archeological or cultural significance”) are properly carried out.

50 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 51

Vermont Department of Education

52 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 53

Vermont Department of Education

Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act

Title II of the Toxic Substances Control Act

40 CFR, Part 763, Subpart E

Scope and Purpose

The Asbestos Hazar d Emergency Response Act (AHERA) r equires public and pr ivate non -profit

elementary and secondary schools to visually inspect school buildings for asbestos-containing materials

(ACM) and to have an asbestos management developed. Schools are required to use persons who have

been trained and accredited to conduct asbestos

inspections, reinspections, develop management plans, or perform response

actions.

The rule also includes recordkeeping requirements. Schools may contractually delegate their duties under

this rule, but they remain responsible for the proper performance of those duties.

Schools, prior to opening a new building must have a completed asbestos management plan. Under

emergency situations where a school moves into an inspected building, such buildings shall be inspected

within 30 days after commencement of such use.

New additions to a school building also require the asbestos management plan to be updated.

NOTE:

 No school is excluded from having an asbestos management plan and complying with recordkeeping

requirements. School built after October 12, 1988 may be excluded from the inspection requirement

only if an architect or project engineer responsible for the construction or an asbestos inspector signs

a statement that no asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) was specified as a building

material in any construction document for the building or, to the best of his or her knowledge, no

ACBM was used as a building material in the building.

 For additional information regarding certified and accredited persons to perform these activities,

contact the Vermont Department of Health, Asbestos & Lead Program at 1-800-439-8550.

The program can assist you by providing information regarding the federal rule and may be

able to assist you in complying with the federal requirements.

 You may also contact the Region I Abatement Coordinator at the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Region I, Boston MA., 617-918-1524 for information.

54 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Annual In-House Inspection

ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) requires public and private, non-

profit elementary and secondary schools to visually inspect school buildings for asbestos-

containing building materials (ACBM) and to have an asbestos management plan developed.

Schools are required to use persons who have been trained and accredited to conduct

inspections, reinspections, develop management plans, or perform response actions.

Does the school have their asbestos management plan

in the Administration office and on-site at the school

building? Yes No N/A

Have custodial and maintenance employees been

properly trained? Yes No N/A

Are workers and building occupants informed at

least once each school year about inspections, response

action activities, including periodic reinspection and

surveillance activities that are planned or in progress? Yes No N/A

Are short term workers (e.g. telephone repair, utilities,

or exterminators) who may come into contact with asbestos

in a school provided information regarding the locations

of asbestos containing materials. Yes No N/A

Any warning labels posted immediately adjacent to

any friable and nonfriable ACBM and suspected ACBM

assumed to be ACBM located in routine maintenance areas

at each school building? Yes No N/A

Is the asbestos management plan available for inspection and

has the yearly notification of such availability been provided

to parents and employees? Yes No N/A

Had the school designated a person to carry out the

implementation of the asbestos management plan? Yes No N/A

References: 40 CFR Part 763, Asbestos-Containing Materials in School; Final Rule and Notice

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 55

Vermont Department of Education

Other School

Construction

Issues

Emergencies

V.S.A., T.16, §3448 addresses the method for responding to emergency

construction in two ways. First, if the cost of any emergency work

necessary to address health and safety threats to students and employees

created by unanticipated circumstances or events is less than $100,000,

the Commissioner may grant 30% construction aid. Schools need to

request the emergency construction aid funds on a form prescribed by

the Commissioner. The information districts are required to provide

when applying for emergency aid is listed in State Board Rule 6129.

Secondly, if the cost exceeds $100,000, the district should apply for

construction aid through the regular application process in accordance

with the State Board Rules. The State Board will assign projects

deemed an emergency by the Commissioner first priority for funding.

Remember, that by statute the State Board is not permitted to provide

any construction aid for projects that have arisen in whole or in part

from significant deferred maintenance. See Rule 6136.

________________________________________________________

Re-Applying for Construction Aid

Under the new priority process, not all school projects that are

presented to the legislature are guaranteed funding for the next fiscal

year.

Those that do not receive funding will be included in the following

year’s request.

By statute

the State

Board is not

permitted to

provide any

construction

aid for

projects that

have arisen

in whole or

in part from

significant

deferred

maintenance

Not all

school

projects that

are

presented to

the

legislature

will receive

funding for

the next

fiscal year.

56 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

________________________________________________________

Appealing the Rating

Rule 6119 includes a process for school districts to appeal their rating

by the Commissioner of Education within thirty days of receiving it.

The district must submit the appeal in writing to the State Board and

indicate what aspect of the rating the district is appealing. The letter

must provide the State Board with a basis upon which to reconsider the

rating given to the district and should include all data necessary to

support the appeal.

______________________________________________________

Technology

Increasingly schools are incorporating and relying on computer

technologies to help students achieve academic standards. Students

are accessing more software and Internet connections to assist with

their studies than ever before. With the help of professionals, schools

need to plan for their entire technology infrastructure. Decisions need

to be made around the electronic, telecommunication and cable

infrastructure necessary to support the school’s operations. These will

include the installation of public address, security, and telephone

systems as well as computer hardware and software.

Vermont has established standards for all schools to meet when it

comes to technology in their curriculums. Many schools have already

developed technology plans to align with these standards. Of course,

this plan should be used in planning any school construction project to

ensure the objectives of the plan will be achieved with the

construction.

_______________________________________________________

Playgrounds

State Board Rules do not specifically address playground requirements

or equipment. The Department recommends school personnel contact

the Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation or the U.S. Consumer

Product Safety Commission and request a copy of the Handbook for

Public Playground Safety. The guidelines are not standards and are

not mandatory. However, if the recommendations are followed, they

will minimize injuries associated with playground equipment and

contribute to greater safety awareness when purchasing, installing and

maintaining public playground equipment.

_______________________________________________________

Rule 6119

includes a process

for school districts

to appeal their

rating by the

Commissioner of

Education within

fifteen days of

receiving it.

The Department

recommends

school personnel

contact the

Department of

Forests, Parks

and Recreation or

the U.S.

Consumer

Product Safety

Commission and

request a copy of

the Handbook for

Public

Playground

Safety.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 57

Vermont Department of Education

Purchase of a Building

Sometimes a district may want to purchase a building to meet its

facility needs. The Commissioner has developed a different application

form to use when purchasing a building. In addition to the some of

exhibits required when constructing a new facility, this application

requires an appraisal of the property by two or more independent

appraisers, the cost of the building exclusive of site costs, type of

construction, and year of construction (See Application section

beginning on page 71).

_________________________________________________________

Indoor Air Quality

The 1995-1996 session of the general assembly established a committee

on Vermont Indoor Air Quality in response to concerns raised by many

Vermont residents who either work in state buildings or attend schools

with inadequate ventilation. The legislature asked this committee to

examine the quality of indoor air in state buildings and schools and to

draft proposed rules to assure acceptable indoor air quality in these

buildings.

The statewide committee was divided into a state buildings and school

buildings subcommittee. The subcommittee on schools met over the

course of a year with the goal of issuing a report on indoor air quality

standards for schools. The committee examined standards for

designing and maintaining buildings so as to avoid or mitigate indoor

air quality problems and explored protocols for dealing with indoor air

quality complaints as they arose at the building level.

A copy of the July 1999 report of the subcommittee on indoor air

quality in school buildings is available from the Department of

Education.

The 2000 session of the general assembly enacted Act 125 relating to

Indoor Air Quality in Vermont public schools. Act 125 directed that a

model school environmental health policy and management plan be

developed.

Decisions need

to be made

around the

electronic, tele-

communication

and cable

infrastructure

necessary to

support the

school’s

operations.

These will

include the

installation of

public address,

security, and

telephone

systems as well

as computer

hardware and

software.

58 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Model Safety and Health

Protocol for Schools

The 1997 General Assembly charged the State Board of Education with

developing a model safety and health protocol for schools. The

protocol requires each school board to ensure that all schools under its

jurisdiction are well maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. It

assigns to the administration of the school the responsibility for

maintaining a safe and healthy school and for periodically inspecting

the buildings and grounds. The protocol includes an annual in-house

inspection to ensure that every student is provided a physical learning

environment that is safe, secure and well maintained. To assist schools

with conducting an annual in-house inspection, the Department of

Education has produced a draft model guideline based on school safety

standards and guidelines. These two draft documents are available

upon request.

The protocol

requires

each school

board to

ensure that

all schools

under its

jurisdiction

are well

maintained

in a safe and

sanitary

condition.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 59

Vermont Department of Education

Capital Outlay Financing Formula

State of Vermont

Department of Education

Montpelier, Vermont

Adopted by:

The State Board of Education

on September 19, 2006

60 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

The State Board of Education voted to establish the effective date for implementation

of the current Capital Outlay Financing Formula as of September 19, 2006.

On August 18, 1998 the State Board of Education voted to approve that the

maximum eligible cost for construction aid shall be determined by applying

the capital outlay financing formulas to the approved educational specifica-

tions for a proposed project. The maximum cost for state participation shall

in no way limit the amount of construction cost that a local district may au-

thorize or expend on a project. The capital outlay financing formulas shall

be subject to review by the State Board of Education every year.

State Board Rule: Series 6000

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 61

Vermont Department of Education

Maximum Eligible Building Costs For State Participation Purposes:

The formulas and procedures that follow are intended to determine the maximum eligible

cost for state participation purposes on any school construction project eligible for state

construction aid under Vermont statutes and State Board of Education policy. The

maximum eligible cost shall be determined by the Commissioner applying the formulas to

the approved educational specifications for the proposed project, but shall in no way limit

the amount of construction cost that a local district may authorize or expend on a project.

If the local district wishes to authorize construction costs in excess of this figure, it may,

but the state construction aid will be calculated on the basis of the maximum eligible cost.

Any costs in excess of this will be borne by the local district. The space allocation

formulas and allowable cost per square foot of construction shall be subject to review by

the State Board of Education every year.

Definitions: For purposes of determining eligibility, the following definitions

shall apply:

Costs Eligible for Construction Aid

1. Emergency project costs required to address imminent threats to safety and health

of students or employees for which construction is necessary.

2. Fees for permits, clerk of the works, and legal, architectural and engineering

services.

3. Razing existing on-site structures.

4. Installation of utilities and associated costs either on-site or where legal right-of-way

is obtained by the school district, including grading, drainage facilities, power

plants, sewer, water, wells and pumps, waste treatment, electricity, roads, walks,

parking areas and lighting.

5. Athletic fields and other site development projects necessary to provide

exterior facilities to carry out an approved educational program.

6. Landscaping incidental to the construction.

7. Construction to meet state agency regulations, including but not limited to fire and

safety, environmental, and VOSHA.

8. Roof replacement if:

(a) it is a structural improvement which will extend the life of the building, or

(b) the roof has exceeded its life expectancy and will be completely replaced and

upgraded.

9. School building construction or purchase, and extensive additions, alterations and

renovations to existing schools consistent with 16 VSA §3448(a)(2)(A).

10. Fixed equipment approved by the Commissioner.

62 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Partially Eligible Costs:

1. Swimming pools, skating rinks, theaters, and other structures with valid

education functions but primarily programmed for community use and/or revenue

production are to be counted into the total space allowances eligible for

construction aid at a percentage which is the ratio of educational use to total

use; such percentage to be determined in each case by the Commissioner.

Auxiliary spaces, such as locker rooms, changing rooms, spectator areas and

mechanical equipment areas may be included as partially eligible costs.

2. School Construction on land or buildings which are part of a permanent

deeded easement or right-of-way is eligible for state participation as a partially

eligible cost at a percentage to be determined by the Commissioner.

3. Office space for administration.

Non-eligible Costs

1. Structures or spaces designed exclusively for use of other agencies or services

such as community centers, town offices, or civil defense shelters.

2. Repair or maintenance projects that do not amount to extensive additions,

alterations or renovations.

3. Stadiums

4. School furniture, computers, computer hardware, cleaning equipment and

supplies.

5. Interest on bonding or short term borrowing costs.

6. Time spent on the construction project by school board members or

employees of the district.

7. Deferred Maintenance. No state construction aid shall be available for

any proposed project or construction which has arisen in whole or in part

from significant deferred maintenance. For the purpose of this section,

“deferred maintenance” means costs for construction repairs or other

improvements necessitated by the lack of reasonable and timely

maintenance including periodic minor repairs of school buildings and

mechanical systems.

Questionable Costs of Spaces

1. Costs or spaces not falling clearly within the list of eligible or partially

eligible costs or spaces and not specifically excluded as non-eligible shall

be submitted to the Commissioner for status determination prior to project

commencement, or shall automatically be considered as not eligible for

construction aid.

2. Districts aggrieved by the decision of the Commissioner regarding eligible cost

may appeal to the State Board of Education. The State Board after opportunity

for hearing may affirm, modify, or reverse the decision of the Commissioner.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 63

Vermont Department of Education

MINIMUM SQUARE FEET PER STUDENT FOR

PROGRAM AND SERVICES IN GRADES K-6

If one or more of the following are included in the proposed construction aid project, the following

minimum requirements shall apply by grade range and school size for the program and service areas.

Program and Services Minimum Square Footage Required For Design

1. Kindergarten 50 square feet net per student use

2. General Instruction 30 square feet net per student use

3. Library <250 students: 750 sq. ft. net; >249 students: 3 sq. ft. per

student

3a. Library Storage 10% floor area

3b. Lirbrary Workroom/Conference 10% floor area

4. Art 50 square feet net per student use

4a. Art Storage 10% floor area

5. Music Classroom 30 square feet net per student use

5a Music Storage 10% floor area

6. Combined labs for 2 or More

Specific Programs, incl Science

50 square feet net per student use

6a. Combined Lab Storage Area 10% floor area

7. Computer Lab 30 square feet net per student use

7a. Computer Lab Service Area 50 square feet

8. Special Services 2 square feet x capacity

9. Multi-Purpose Room <60 students: 1,200 square feet; >59 students: 2,400 square feet net

9a. Multi-Purpose Storage <60 students: 10% floor area; >59 students: 15% floor area

10. Gymnasium 3,840 square feet Regulation Court

10a. Gymnasium Storage 10% floor area

11. Cafeteria/Dining Room 7 square feet net x planned seating capacity

11a. Cafeteria/Dining Room Storage 5% floor area

12. Kitchen: Onsite production and

includes required storage

<250 students: 500 square feet net: >249 students: 3 square feet x capacity;

>500 students: 2 square feet x capacity

13. Auditorium >499 students: 6 square feet x capacity

14. Theater >499 students: 2 square feet x capacity

15. Stage 5% floor area multi-purpose, gymnasium or dining rooms

16. Health <250 students: 150 square feet net plus toilet facilities:

>249 students: 1 square foot x capacity plus toilet facilities

17. Guidance 1 square foot x capacity

18. Conference 1 square foot x capacity

19. Administration 3 square feet x capacity

20. Project Rooms 3 square feet x capacity less kindergarten population

21. Teacher Planning Room 2 square feet x capacity

22. General Storage 2 square feet x capacity

23. Sub-Total

24. Supports (toilets, halls, etc...) No greater than 30% of sub-total

64 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

MINIMUM SQUARE FEET PER STUDENT FOR

PROGRAM AND SERVICES IN GRADES K-8

If one or more of the following are included in the proposed construction aid project, the followng

minimum requirements shall apply by grade range and school size for the program and service areas.

Minimum Square Footage Required For Design

1. Kindergarten

2. General Instruction

3. Library

3a. Library Storage

3b. Lirbrary Workroom/Conference

4. Art

4a. Art Storage

5. Music Classroom

5a Music Storage

6. Music/Instrumental

6a. Music/Insturmental Storage

7. Science Laboratory

7a. Science Preparation Storage

8. Foreign Language

9. Family Consumer Science

9a. Family Consumer Storage

10. Combined labs for 2 or More

Specific Programs, incl. Science

10a. Combined Lab Storage Area

11. Computer Lab

11a. Computer Lab Service Area

12. Special Services

13. Multi-Purpose Room

13a. Multi-Purpose Storage

14. Gymnasium

14a. Gymnasium Storage

14b. Locker Rooms

15. Cafeteria/Dining Room

15a. Cafeteria/Dining Room Storage

16. Kitchen: Onsite production and

includes required storage

17. Auditorium

18. Theater

19. Stage

20 Health

21. Guidance

22 Conference

23. Administration

24. Project Rooms

25. Teacher Planning Room

26. General Storage

27. Sub-Total

28. Supports (toilets, halls, etc...)

Program and Services

50 square feet net per student use

30 square feet net per student use

<250 students: 750 sq. ft. net; >249 students: 3 sq. ft. per student

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use >100 students; 2,000 square feet

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

50 square feet

2 square feet x capacity

<60 students: 1,200 square feet; >59 students: 2,400 square feet net

<60 students: 10% floor area; >59 students: 15% floor area

3,840 square feet Regulation Court

10% floor area

7 square feet net x planned seating capacity

5% floor area

<250 students: 500 square feet net: >249 students: 3 square feet x capacity;

>500 students: 2 square feet x capacity

>499 students: 6 square feet x capacity

>499 students: 2 square feet x capacity

5% floor area multi-purpose, gymnasium or dining rooms

<250 students: 150 square feet net plus toilet facilities:

>249 students: 1 square foot x capacity plus toilet facilities

1 square foot x capacity

3 square feet x capacity

3 square feet x capacity less kindergarten population

2 square feet x capacity

No greater than 30% of sub-total

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 65

Vermont Department of Education

1. General Instruction

2. Library

2a. Library Storage

2b. Lirbrary Workroom/Conference

3. Art

3a. Art Storage

4. Music Classroom

4a. Music Storage

5. Music/Instrumental

5a. Music/Insturmental Storage

6. Science Laboratory

6a. Science Preparation Storage

7. Foreign Language

8. Tech Ed/Family Consumer Science

8a. Tech Ed/Family Consumer Storage

9. Combined labs for 2 or More

Specific Programs above

9a . Combined Lab Storage Area

10. Computer Lab

10a. Computer Lab Service Area

11. Special Services

12. Multi-Purpose Room

12a. Multi-Purpose Storage

13. Gymnasium

13a. Gymnasium Storage

13b. Locker Rooms

14. Cafeteria/Dining Room

14a. Cafeteria/Dining Room Storage

15. Kitchen: Onsite production and

includes required storage

16. Auditorium

17. Theater

18. Stage

19 Health

20. Guidance

21. Conference

22. Administration

23. Project Rooms

24. Teacher Planning Room

25. General Storage

26. Sub-Total

27. Supports (toliets, halls, etc...)

MINIMUM SQUARE FEET PER STUDENT FOR

PROGRAM AND SERVICES IN MIDDLE OR JUNIOR HIGH GRADES

If one or more of the following are included in the proposed construction aid project, the followng

minimum requirements shall apply by grade range and school size for the program and service areas.

Program and Services Minimum Square Footage Required For Design

30 square feet net per student use

4 square feet x capacity; minimum 1000 square feet

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

10 % floor area

50 square feet net per student use >100 students 2, 000 square feet

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

50 square feet net per student use

10 % floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

50 square feet

2 square feet x capacity

<60 students: 1,200: >59 students: 2,400 square feet net

<60 students: 10% floor area; >59 students: 15% floor area

3,840 square feet Regulation Court

10% floor area

10% floor area of gym, per locker room

10 square feet net x planned seating capacity

5% floor area

<250 students: 500 sq. feet net: >249 students 3 sq. ft. x capacity

>500 students: 2 square feet x capacity

8 square feet x capacity

3 square feet x capacity

5% floor area multi-purpose, gymnasium, or dining room

<250 students: 150 square feet net plus toilet facilities;

>249 students: 1 square feet x capacity

2 square feet x capacity

1 square foot x capacity

3 square feet x capacity

4 square feet x capacity

2 square feet x capacity

No more than 30% of sub-total

66 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

MINIMUM SQUARE FEET PER STUDENT FOR

PROGRAM AND SERVICES FOR HIGH SCHOOL

If one or more of the following are included in the proposed construction aid project, the followng

minimum requirements shall apply by grade range and school size for the program and service areas.

Program and Services Minimum Square Footage Required For Design

1. General Instruction

2. Library

2a. Library Storage

2b. Library Workroom/Conference

3. Art

3a. Art Storage

4. Music Classroom

4a. Music Storage

5. Music/Instrumental

5a. Music/Instrumental Storage

6. Science Lab

6a. Science Preparation/Storage

7. Foreign Language

8. Tech Ed/ Family Consumer Science

8a. Tech Ed./Family Cons Sci Storage

9. Combined Lab of 2 or more Specific

Programs above

9a. Combined Lab Storage

10. Computer Lab

10a. Computer Lab Storage

11. Special Services

12. Multipurpose Room

12a. Multipurpose Room Storage

13. Gymnasium

13a. Gymnasium Storage

13b. Locker Rooms

14. Cafeteria/Dining Room

14a. Cafeteria/Dining Room Storage

15. Kitchen: Onsite production and all

required storage

16. Auditorium

17. Theater

18. Stage

19. Health

20. Guidance

21. Conference

22. Administration

23. Project Rooms/Student Centers

24. Teacher Planning Rooms

25. General Storage

26. Sub-Total

27. Supports (toilets, halls,etc....)

30 square feet x capacity @ 70%

4 square feet x capacity; minimum 1000 square feet

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use >100 students 2,500 sq. feet

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

50 square feet net per student use

10% floor area

30 square feet net per student use

50 square feet

2 square feet x capacity

<60 students: 1,200; >59 students: 2,400 square feet net

<60 students: 10% floor area; >59 students: 15% floor area

5,040 square feet Regulation Court

10% floor area

10% floor area of gym, per locker room

10 square feet net x planned seating capacity

5% floor area

<400 students: 3 square feet; >399 students: 2 square feet

8 square feet x capacity

3 square feet x capacity

5% floor area: multipurpose, gymnasium, or dining room

<500 students: 500 square feet;

>499 students: 2 sq. feet x capacity

2 square feet x capacity

4 square feet x capacity

3 square feet x capacity

2 square feet x capacity

No more than 30% of sub-total

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 67

Vermont Department of Education

MAXIMUM SPACE AND PARAMETERS FOR CONSTRUCTION AID

The space parameters below shall determine the Maximum Gross Square

Footage Per Student Capacity for State Participation on portions of a project

eligible for construction aid.

Space Allowance Table

Grade Range Gross Square

Footage Per Student, for

K-6 140

K-8 160

Middle or Junior High 160

High School 180

A. The Commissioner will determine an average gross square footage per

student when a 7-12 or K-12 combination is proposed.

B. The Commissioner will determine an average gross square footage per

student and apply the necessary minimum and maximum square footages

to unique combinations of grades.

C. In cases of renovations and additions the Commissioner will determine the

gross square footage useable for educational purposes of an existing building

establishing the maximum square footage allowable for construction aid.

68 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

MAXIMUM COST PARAMETERS FOR CONSTRUCTION AID

The Maximum Cost for State Participation shall be determined by multiplying the basic

unit cost by the total allowable square footage. The basic unit cost reflects all costs

associated with the construction.

A. BASIC UNIT COST INCREMENTS THAT WOULD BE ELIGIBLE FOR STATE

CONSTRUCTION AID

FOR NEW

PROJECT 10,000

SQUARE FEET OR

LARGER

BUILDING COSTS

INCLUDING FIXED

EQUIPMENT (OR

EQUIVALENT) AND FEES

(PER SQUARE FOOT)

DEMOLITION

(WHERE

NECESSARY)

(PER SQUARE

FOOT)

SITE WORK

(EXCLUDING

WASTE

TREATMENT)

(PER SQUARE

FOOT of

Impacted site)

WASTE

TREATMENT

FACILITIES

(WHEN NOT

MUNICIPAL

SEWER)

(PER SQUARE

FOOT)

Elementary

K-6

$175.00 $3.00 $3.00 $5.00

Elementary

$185.00 $3.00 $3.00 $5.00

Middle Grades or

Junior High School

$185.00 $3.00 $3.00 $5.00

High School

$195.00 $3.00 $3.00 $5.00

Technical & Career

Centers

$204.00

B. For remodeling existing educational spaces, the maximum eligible building cost is 70% of the

building cost figures above. For site work and waste treatment, when applicable, above

figures to apply.

C For conversion of existing non-educational spaces to educational use, maximum building

cost to be 70% of above figures. Above figures to apply on site work and waste treatment

where applicable.

D. Additional Increments for Special Circumstances:

In the event of unusually difficult and unavoidable site conditions engaging more than

normally expensive site work or waste treatment facilities, and renovations to existing

buildings to retain their historical features, the unit cost increments for these areas may be

increased by the Commissioner of Education.

E. Renewable energy: Additional costs associated with the installation of non-fossil fuel

heating/cooling systems will be added to the Maximum Cost for State Participa tion and

reimbursed as defined by statute. See 16 VSA §3448 (7) (B).

Districts applying for aid under this section may be asked to submit estimates prepared by qualified

professionals to quantify the specific component costs in excess of the cost for a traditional fossil

fuel system.

F. Cost Index Relationship: Unit costs will be subject to annual readjustment by the State Board

of Education. The readjustment will be based on the past year’s cost of school construction.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 69

Vermont Department of Education

DETERMINING MAXIMUM COSTS

FOR SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATIONS, AND ADDITIONS

For new school construction, determine the total space allowance for the project from the Space

Allowance Tables. Using the Space Allowance chart, multiply the approved gross square foot-

age by the maximum square footage cost.

To determine space allowance for an addition, deduct from the total space allowance the area of

the existing building adjusted for its current age status by multiplying the area by the applicable

use factors listed below. The applicability of Use Factors is at the discretion of the commis-

sioner.

Use factors for existing structures:

Basement areas 25%

Above grade pre-1945 facilities 70%

Above grade facilities constructed since 1945 80%

To determine the maximum cost for state participation purposes, multiply the new space allow-

ance by the unit cost for new construction and multiply the area in the existing building that is

identified for remodeling by the unit cost identified in the Basic Unit Cost chart and the supple-

mental increment allowed for renovation.

The following example determines the Maximum Cost for State Participation (M.C.S.P.) for a new ele-

mentary school K-6 with an approved design capacity of 340 students. Includes an allowance for 12

acres site work, incl. parking and athletic fields, and on-site waste treatment.

New building allowance: 340 X 140 square feet = 47,600

47,600 square feet X ($175+5) = $8,568,000

Site work allowance: (43,560 sq ft X 12) X $3 = 1,568,160

Maximum Cost for State Participation: $10,136,160

The following example demonstrates the Maximum Cost for State Participation (M.C.S.P.) for a

proposed 25,000 square foot addition and renovation to a K-6 school with an approved de-

sign capacity of 340 students. The existing building is 30,000 square feet of 1960 vintage, of

which 22,000 square feet will be remodeled. The school is served by municipal waste treat-

ment and is adding a 27,800 sq ft parking and drop-off area.

Max space allowance: 340 X 140 square feet = 47,600

Minus adjusted existing building sq footage: 30,000 X 80% = 24,000

Building allowance for new addition: 23,600 sq ft

Building allowance for new addition: 23,600 X $175 = $4,130,000

Renovations: 22,000 X ($175 X 70%) = 2,695,000

Site work allowance: 27,800 sq ft X $3 = 83,400

Maximum Cost for State Participation: $6,908,400

Minimum Requirements:

Minimum requirements regarding facility planning and construction will be those included in State

Board of Education rules 6100.

70 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 71

Vermont Department of Education

Required for all projects seeking state school construction aid

VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

PRELIMINARY APPLICATION

AND

LETTER OF INTENT TO APPLY FOR CONSTRUCTION AID

School Building: ________________________________________________________

School District: _________________________________________________________

The school directors of this district have determined that a need exists to undertake planning associated

with new school construction OR major addition or renovations to existing school buildings. The

anticipated construction project will serve pupils in grades _______ to _______.

Notice is hereby given of the intention of the school directors to make eventual application for all

state financial assistance available to a project of this type.

The directors hereby request a pre-construction evaluation with a representative of the

Department of Education to review requirements to be met in the planning of this project. The

necessary documents to complete this preliminary application, as listed on the reverse of this page, are

completed and enclosed and approved by the directors.

_________________________ __________________________ ________________

School Board Chair Superintendent of Schools Date Submitted

Contact for project details:

Name: ____________________________________ Phone: ____________________

Summary description of project (nature of project, timetable for completion, status of voter approval):

_________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

*Continued on reverse. Preliminary application not complete without required exhibits as listed.

72 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

EXHIBITS REQUIRED FOR PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION

CHOOSE ONE OF TWO OPTIONS AS APPLICABLE

A. The following information must be enclosed for major projects, including new construction,

additions, and substantial renovations as covered under 16 VSA §3448 (a)(3)(C):

1. Facility Analysis

-1- Documentation of existing building deficiencies; analysis of existing building systems,

space, and infrastructure.

-2- History of maintenance efforts

-3- Existing floor plans with square footages and spaces identified by current use

2. Enrollment Projections. If available, include calculations of existing building capacity or

capacity as approved by the State Board of Education at time of last construction.

3. In the case of a project which will add space, include an analysis of available space in

neighboring schools (State Board of Education Rule 6116).

B. The following must be included for projects which extend the useful life of a building but do

not constitute extensive additions or alterations, as covered under 16 VSA §3448(a)(3)(B):

1. Detailed description of the nature and scope of the project and the need it fulfills.

2. Energy conservation or retrofit projects (State Board of Education Rule 6145) shall submit a

life cycle cost analysis.

NOTE: After the commissioner has approved a preliminary application, a Final Application

for state aid must be submitted and approved by the State Board of Education before construction

may begin. All application materials and exhibits are submitted through the School Construction

Workgroup.

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 73

Vermont Department of Education

VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

CONSTRUCTION AID APPLICATION

V.S.A., Title 16, §3448, as amended

This application and all applicable exhibits must be submitted to the Department and approved by the

State Board of Education before construction begins.

School District: ________________________________________

Application is hereby made for state assistance for the project described below:

Name and location of school building: _______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

TYPE OF PROJECT:

_____ New construction _____ Major addition

_____ Renovations or alterations _____ Site development

_____ Code Compliance _____ Relocatable Unit

_____ Other (explain)

DESCRIBE PROJECT:

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Total estimated project cost: $__________________

Funds or bond issued and voted: $__________________ Vote Date:__________

Grades to be housed: ________ Student capacity of building after completion:________

Pre-Existing Sq. Footage of building: ________

Usable number of acres in site: ______ Square foot area of this project:______

Total Square Footage of Building Including New Addition: ______________

Architect/Engineer: _________________________________________________________

(continued on reverse)

Dept. use only:

Project: __________

Funding % __________

74 Vermont School Construction Planning Guide

Vermont Department of Education

CONSTRUCTION AID APPLICATION / EXHIBITS REQUIRED

A. Approved Educational Specifications.

B. Certified copy of resolution of legislative branch of school district stating that the public interest or necessity

demands the school building improvements applied for as required by Title 24, V.S.A. § 1755.

C. Certified copy of warning voted upon by the school district and the recorded vote.

D. Summary of project budget.

E Agreement to provide high school instruction to students attending high school from such areas as may be

prescribed by board of education and list such areas.

F. Statement of qualifications for person who will supervise actual construction.

G. Evidence of bidding procedures followed, Title 16, V.S.A §559:

-1- documentation of pre-qualification, when required

-2- advertisement and/or list of invited bidders

-3- bid summary, indicating chosen bid(s).

H. Statement that a Commissioning Report will be provided.

I. Final blueprints of the proposed construction project.

J. Statement of approval of the plans from the Agency for Historic Preservation. (where applicable)

K. Statement of approval of the plans (evidence of all required permits) from the Agency of Natural Resources.

L. Act 250 Permit, where required.

M. Statement of approval of the plans by the Department of Public Safety; construction permit.

N. Evidence of a performance bond or irrevocable letter of credit for general contractor or construction manager.

O. Proof of adequate builder’s risk insurance and professional liability insurance.

P. Copy of title in fee simple or a permanent deeded easement or right-of-way for land. (when applicable)

Q. Renewable Energy – Life cycle cost analysis as per State Board Rule 6145.

A signed application acknowledges:

1. The state is not obligated to pay its share of the approved costs of construction until state funds are available. State

funding may not be available at the time that the project would otherwise be eligible for payment. The applicant is solely

responsible for the costs associated with any borrowing done in anticipation of state aid.

2. Agreement by school district to refund to the State a percentage of the sale price equal to the percentage of construction

aid received, or actual grant, whichever is less upon sale of any item or building for which aid was awarded, Title 16,

V.S.A. §448 (b).

3. This project complies with the applicable provisions of State Board of Education Rules 6100 et seq.

Signatures:

______________________________________ ______________________________________

Chairperson Superintendent of Schools

______________________________________ ______________________________________

School Board Members School Board Members

Vermont School Construction Planning Guide 75

Vermont Department of Education

VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

TYPE II CONSTRUCTION AID APPLICATION

Type II projects are projects that extend the useful life of a building but do not increase the building’s size or

capacity. Examples of projects under this subdivision are replacement, addition or repair to utilities, projects

which address environmental quality issues, replacement of a roof, or replacement or upgrading of mechanical

equipment.

This application and all applicable exhibits must be submitted to the Department and approved by the

State Board of Education before construction begins.

School District: ________________________________________

Application is hereby made for state assistance for the project described below:

Name and location of construction project: ________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

DESCRIBE PROJECT:

____________________________________________________________________________________

ESTIMATED COST FIGURES:

Total estimated cost: $__________________

Funds or bond issued and voted: $__________________ Vote Date: _____________

Grades housed: _____________ Current enrollment: _____________

Square foot area of this project: _______________

Total square footage of building: ______________

Architect/Engineer: _________________________________________________________

Address: __________________________________________________________________

(continued on reverse)

Dept. use only:

Project: __________

Funding % __________

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EXHIBITS REQUIRED TYPE II

A. Certified copy of resolution of legislative branch of school district stating that the public interest or necessity

demands the school building improvements applied for as required by Title 24, V.S.A. §1755.

B. Certified copy of warning voted upon by the school district and the recorded vote.

C. Summary of project budget.

D. Statement of qualifications for person who will supervise actual construction.

E. Evidence of bidding procedures followed, Title 16, V.S.A §559:

-1- documentation of pre-qualification, when required

-2- advertisement and/or list of invited bidders

-3- bid summary, indicating chosen bid(s).

F. Statement that a Commissioning Report will be provided. (when necessary)

G. Blueprints or engineering specifications of the proposed construction project.

H. Statement of approval of access roads by the Department of Transportation. (where applicable)

I. Statement of approval of the plans from the Agency for Historic Preservation. (where applicable)

J. Statement of approval of the plans (evidence of all required permits) from the Agency of Natural Resources.

(where applicable)

K. Act 250 Permit (where applicable)

L. Statement of approval of the plans by the Department of Public Safety; construction permit.

M. Evidence of a performance bond or irrevocable letter of credit for contractor or construction manager.

N. Proof of adequate builder’s risk insurance and professional liability insurance.

O. Renewable Energy – Life cycle cost analysis as per State Board rule 6145.

A signed application acknowledges:

1. The state is not obligated to pay its share of the approved costs of construction until state funds are available. State

funding may not be available at the time that the project would otherwise be eligible for payment. The applicant is sole-

ly responsible for the costs associated with any borrowing done in anticipation of state aid.

2. Agreement by school district to refund to the State a percentage of the sale price equal to the percentage of

construction aid received, or actual grant, whichever is less upon sale of any item or building for which aid was awarded,

Title 16, V.S.A. §448 (b).

3. This project complies with the applicable provisions of State Board of Education Rules 6100 et seq.

Signatures:

______________________________________ ______________________________________

Chairperson Superintendent of Schools

______________________________________ ______________________________________

School Board Members School Board Members

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VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

EMERGENCY CONSTRUCTION

AID APPLICATION

For Construction Projects Under $100,000

that are necessary to address health and safety threats to students

and employees created by unanticipated circumstances or events.

Title 16, V.S.A. §3448 (d), as amended

State Board of Education Rule Series 6129

Date: _____________ School District: _________________________________________

Application is hereby made for state assistance for the emergency project described below:

Name and location of construction project: ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

ESTIMATED COST FIGURES:

Total estimated project cost: $__________________

Source of Funds: $__________________

Architect/Engineer: _________________________________________________________

Address: __________________________________________________________________

A signed application acknowledges:

1. The state is not obligated to pay its share of the approved costs of construction until state funds are available. State funding

may not be available at the time that the project would otherwise be eligible for payment. The applicant is solely responsible

for the costs associated with any borrowing done in anticipation of state aid.

2. Agreement by school district to refund to the State a percentage of the sale price equal to the percentage of construction aid

received, or actual grant, whichever is less upon sale of any item or building for which aid was awarded,. Title 16, V.S.A. §

448 (b).

3. This project complies with the applicable provisions of State Board of Education Rules 6100 et seq.

__________________________________ ________________________________

Superintendent of Schools School Board Chair

EXHIBITS REQUIRED:

□ Information on how the project will be funded.

□ Summary of Project Budget.

□ Detailed description of the nature and extent of health and safety hazards that exist and the extent they would be alleviated

by the project or certification by an independent and qualified authority that a health and safety hazard exists to occupants

unless the emergency work is completed.

□ The estimated cost of the emergency construction with documentation where feasible by two or more independent

qualified estimators.

□ Approval from all applicable state agencies.

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VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

ACQUISITION OF PRE-EXISTING BUILDINGS

and SCHOOL FACILITIES

Construction Aid Application V.S.A., Title 16, 3448, as amended.

School District: ____________________________________ Building Cost Exclusive of Site $____________

Building Dimensions: Number of Rooms:

Grades to be Housed: Building Constructed In: Year

Building to be purchased from (current owner):

Planned Use of this Building:

Exhibits Required:

A. Certified copy of resolution of legislative branch of school district stating that the public interest or necessity demands the

school building improvements applied for as required by V.S.A. Title 24, §1755.

B. Certified copy of warning voted upon by the school district and the recorded vote.

C. Statement of bidding procedures to be followed V.S.A. Title 16, §559 (where applicable).

D. Detailed description of building purchased or complete detailed plans and specifications for relocatable unit.

Statement of assessment of building to be acquired. (at least two). Statement of assessment of site, separate from building.

E. Statement of approval of access roads by the Department of Transportation. (where applicable)

F. Statement of approval of the plans from the Agency for Historic Preservation. (where applicable)

G. Statement of approval of the site from the Department of Agriculture. (where applicable)

H. Statement of approval of the plans from the Agency of Natural Resources. (where applicable)

I. Act 250 Permit (where applicable)

J. Statement of approval of the plans by the Department of Public Safety; construction permit.

K. Evidence of a performance bond or irrevocable letter of credit for general contractor or construction manager.

A signed application acknowledges:

1. The state is not obligated to pay its share of the approved costs of construction until state funds are available. State fund-

ing may not be available at the time that the project would otherwise be eligible for payment. The applicant is solely respon-

sible for the costs associated with any borrowing done in anticipation of state aid.

2. Agreement by school district to refund to the State a percentage of the sale price equal to the percentage of construction

aid received, or actual grant, whichever is less upon sale of any item or building for which aid was awarded,. Title 16, V.S.A.

§448 (b).

3. This project complies with the applicable provisions of State Board of Education Rules 6100 et seq

Signatures:

______________________________________ ______________________________________

Chairperson Superintendent of Schools

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Appendix A

DEVELOPING A FACILITIES ANALYSIS

The Department of Education recommends that the following procedures be followed when

developing the facilities analysis:

1. Collect and evaluate data on deficiencies in the existing building(s), including the

program and service areas, heating and ventilation systems, health and safety

conditions, technology capacity, etc.

2. Identify deficiencies in specific areas using the space/needs survey.

3. Incorporate inspection reports from Labor and Industry or other professionals.

4. If deficiencies are due to changes in curriculum, develop and analyze a room utilization

schedule.

5. If deficiencies are partially or totally due to student growth, include enrollment

projections.

 In elementary schools, determine the student capacity of the existing building by

using the combined square footage of all instructional areas and dividing by 30.

 For middle or junior high schools, determine the capacity of instructional space as

outlined above and then divide by 80 percent.

 For high schools, determine the capacity of instructional space as outlined above

and then divide by 70 percent.

 Information about the capacity of the building as originally designed, or approved

by the Department of Education at the time of the original construction, should be

included if available.

6. Incorporate a maintenance history on the building.

7. Discuss the findings at a school board meeting.

8. Submit the accepted report to the Department of Education with the preliminary

application.

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Appendix B

SPACE NEEDS SURVEY

Faculty and staff should use this form to identify their needs to create an effective working

environment. Information gathered here should then be transferred to the Educational

Specifications.

Under the following headings describe the facilities which would best suit your assignments

as a member of the school staff. Return your completed form to the building principal by

_______________.

Program Area:_______________________________

(1) Space Type (e.g. 1

grade classroom, art storage room):

(2) Who works there (teacher and/or staff persons name):

(3) Description of activities that should go on here:

(4) List and give dimensions of furniture required:

(5) Storage needs associated with space (items to be stored within space and, separately,

items to be stored outside of space):

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(6) Likely number of occupants of space at any one time:

(7) Physical and environmental requirements of the space (e.g., lighting, sound control,

floor surfaces, technology etc.):

(8) Likely frequency of use (includes time of day/night):

(9) Size and adequacy of currently available space (List good and bad features):

(10) Comments:

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Appendix C

SYSTEM FOR

RATING

PROPOSED SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Adopted By:

The State Board of

Education on

September 20, 2005

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The System For Rating Proposed School Construction Projects

is used to establish funding priority for major projects such as new schools and

addition/renovation projects.

Department of Education staff will visit and score existing facilities following the submission

of a completed preliminary application form, including enrollment projections, existing floor

plans, and a facility analysis prepared by a qualified professional. Needs and deficiencies of

existing facilities are the bases for scoring .

The maximum available score is 140. A high score means a higher placement on the State

Board’s prioritized list for school construction aid. Using the facility analysis, points will be

assigned to rated criteria as follows:

Point System for Rating

The following points will be applied to components based on a current facility analysis and a site inspection.

-0- Excellent: Conditions ideal or comparable to new. A zero score may also indicate no information

was provided on which to score.

-1- Good: Adequate for programs, services, enrollment. Condition suggests reasonable useful life

remaining.

-2- Fair: Demonstrating signs of need. Shows wear. Component may be

nearing the end of its useful life.

-3- Poor: Demonstrating problems. Needs repair. Has exceeded its expected

useful life. Non-compliant with current life safety codes.

-4- Unsatisfactory: Inadequate for programs, services, enrollment. Code violation. Lack of

action poses a threat to the health and safety of students.

The following points will be applied for overcrowded conditions based upon enrollment

projections, current enrollment, and building capacity.

-0- Enrollment is not projected to reach or exceed building capacity or available space.

-5- Enrollment is projected to reach or exceed capacity within ten years.

-10 to 20- Enrollment is at or above student capacity for facility and is not projected to decline

significantly.

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DEFINITIONS OF CRITERIA

Health and Safety:

The purpose of this section is to assess the degree to which students and staff are exposed to haz-

ards and potential threats to physical well-being.

Structure / Infrastructure:

The overall condition of the physical plant will be rated according to the needs and deficiencies

of building systems.

Adequacy of Facilities:

The existence and condition of specific facilities and their ability to provide an appropriate

learning environment will be rated according to the impact of deficiencies on the educational

program.

Individual Program Areas:

The evaluation under this component is based upon the availability of educational space to meet

the needs of the curriculum and of required programs and services. Core facilities include

library, cafeteria, gymnasium, storage areas, health services, art and music rooms, science labs,

and administration areas.

Enrollment Versus Capacity:

Points in this component are based upon evidence that current space available for general class-

room use is insufficient to accommodate enrollments. The department will compare current

enrollment, projected enrollment, and the capacity of the existing building.

If the student capacity of a building has been determined by the department within the previous

eight years, and no major construction has taken place in the interim, the capacity on record will

stand unless otherwise determined by the commissioner.

For purposes of determining the capacity of an existing building, the department will divide total

classroom space square footage by 30 square feet. Classrooms available for use by pre-K

through grade 6 will be taken at no more than thirty students per undivided room. Allowances

may be made for spaces not provided, such as library or arts, as determined by the commissioner.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

Voter-approved school construction for school districts which do not currently operate a school but

who propose to build or purchase a building for the purposes of housing a public school will be ranked

by the State Board of Education based upon a determination of the immediacy of the district’s need.

Consideration will be given to such factors as the economic and geographic ramifications of tuition

options and the district’s long term plan for educating its students.

The school board is responsible for notifying the evaluator of any changes in local conditions not re-

flected in the facility analysis.

The following steps shall be used by the department to break ties that occur during the ranking process

for the purpose of placing the projects on the annual prioritized list.

A. The project with more points in section 1, Health and Safety, shall be placed first.

B. If a tie still exists, the project benefiting the larger number of students shall be placed first.

Appeal process:

If a school board wishes to appeal its rating score, a written request for administrative review shall be

made to the commissioner within 30 days of receipt of the rating. Specific evidence must be included

to justify the adjustment of a score for each component being appealed.

Performance contracting:

School construction projects being completed using an energy service company, known as a perfor-

mance contract, will be rated on facility deficiencies using the same criteria for rating as other projects.

In accordance with 16 VSA 3448f, such projects will be ranked in priority order on a separate list annu-

ally.

The prioritized list for aid for projects utilizing performance contracting shall be ranked below other

school construction projects ranked in the same year. State aid for performance contracting projects for

a given year will be funded after all other prioritized projects for that same given year are funded.

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Funding delays / Insufficient Appropriation:

In the event annual appropriations are insufficient to pay all state aid for eligible

prioritized projects in a given year, state aid obligations remaining for that year

will be paid in full before funds are distributed to prioritized projects for a

subsequent year.

Upon completion of construction and until state aid is paid, school districts, in-

cluding technical education centers, are eligible to deduct the interest expense at-

tributable

to borrowing in anticipation of state aid from education spending for

purposes of determining the homestead tax rate.

Technical Education Centers

Projects to improve facilities for technical education centers will be rated on

facility deficiencies using the same criteria as other projects.

A separate prioritized list for technical education center projects will be

established annually, incorporating all projects with unfunded state aid obliga-

tions.

Subject to funds availability, the State Board of Education urges the general

assembly to direct, each year, a minimum of ten percent of the total technical

education center state aid obligation, or $5 million, whichever is greater, toward

payment of the technical center construction obligation until it is fully paid.

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5. Consolidation or

District Formation

5.1 buildings & programs

district formation & cost

effective

A single school district that proposes a consolidation

of one or more buildings, or like programs and services,

and demonstrates cost effectiveness will receive 10

points.

6. Community Use

6.1 educational program

incorporates approved

community plan and use

of building(s).

Any approved educational specification that includes

implementation of a community use program that

supports the educational program will receive 2 points.

7. Years in Process

7.1 pre-approved projects

waiting in the priority

system

For each year a pre-approved project with an established

urgent need is unfunded, the Department of Education

will add five additional points to its rating.

8. Identified Schools

8.1 Identified by DOE

for technical assistance

Schools qualifying for technical assistance and demonsrat

ing a link between the facility and school performance will

receive 10 points.

TOTAL SCORE

GENERAL COMMENTS:

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Appendix D

DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS

In developing the educational specifications, the Department of Education recommends that the

following procedures be followed:

1. The facility committee develops the first draft of the specifications using the outline

enclosed.

2. The draft should be presented to the following for review, critique and change:

A. Board of School Directors

B. Staff of School District

C Community

3. The draft of the specifications reworked based on input from the meetings.

4. The revised specifications presented to the Board for further review.

5. The revised draft copy of specifications submitted to Vermont Department of Education for

approval.

SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR EDUCATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS

1. Introduction – (general overview of project/purpose)

A. The educational program to be housed

B. School philosophy/mission

C. Goals for the educational programs to be housed

D. Areas to be considered for new construction, addition or renovation

2. The community to be served – (background of the characteristics of the community)

3. The pupils to be served – (enrollment/classroom information)

4. Timetable for project – (outline of project with completion dates)

5. Instructional areas

A. General Classrooms F. Library/Media Rooms

B. Art Room G. Multi-purpose Room/Gymnasium

Music Room H. Project Rooms

D. Laboratories I. Other

A. Computer Room

6. Student Support Services

A. Guidance C. Compensatory Education

B. Special Education D. Health

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7. Cafeteria/Food Preparation

8. Administrative Area

A. Principal Office D. Work Room

B. Secretary Office E. General Storage

C. Conference Room

9. Environmental considerations for the facility:

A. Lighting C. Acoustics

B. Heating D. Aesthetics

10. Site considerations for the facility:

A. Size C. Bus loading

B. Parking D. Water and sewer

11. Community programs to be housed, or accommodated by the facility

12. Maintenance

A. Custodial Room

B. Custodial Storage

13. Parking Area

14. Playground Area

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Appendix E

PRELIMINARY PLANS REVIEW

If you are involved in planning a school building aid project, you need to note the

following:

State Board of Education rules require a meeting of school district and state agency

representatives to review preliminary architectural plans for school additions, renovations and

new buildings before application for school building aid is submitted. Preliminary reviews

may also be needed for other kinds of projects.

At a preliminary review meeting the state agencies will advise school officials of

any problems they see with the plans with respect to building codes and school quality

standards. At this meeting, the Department of Education will usually be able to advise school

officials of the level of state aid their project may receive based on the capital outlay funding

rules of the State Board of Education. The maximum project cost for state participation is

calculated from the approved educational specifications and the preliminary architectural

plans.

Preliminary plans consist of the following:

1. floor plans of the existing building where an addition and alterations are proposed;

2. floor plans and elevations for proposed construction – 1/8 inch scale unreduced

preferred;

3. floor plans for proposed alterations and/or new construction;

4. a plan of the school site and location map; and

5. proposed locations for on-site sewage disposal and water supply and any wetlands,

streams or other significant natural features on the property.

All plans must include for each room:

1. the intended use of room (classroom, library, guidance office, etc.)

2. net usable square foot area and maximum anticipated occupancy for each classroom

Four steps are needed prior to a preliminary plans review:

1. The preliminary application has been submitted and approved.

2. A need has been demonstrated through a pre-construction evaluation, and a rating of

the need has been completed.

3. The educational specifications for the project have been submitted to the

Commissioner and approved.

4. The architect develops preliminary design and cost estimates for the project based on

the approved educational specifications and needs identified at the pre-construction

evaluation.

Preliminary reviews should be completed before projects are warned for voter

approval.

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To request a preliminary review for a project, submit to the school construction office the

following information on the proposed construction project along with seven copies of the

preliminary drawings which clearly indicate the ar eas of r enovation and new

construction and two extra copies of reduced site plan and location map:

1. name, address and telephone number of school and superintendent

2. name, address and telephone number of project architect

3. construction type(s)

4. square footage for impacted site (excluding building footprint)

5. square footage for each existing story and basement

6. square footage for each story and basement, to be added

7. total square footage of area to be renovated

8. existing building footprint

9. extent of fire alarm system

10. extent of sprinkler protection

11. extent of handicapped accessibility

12. known use of asbestos containing building materials

13. fire rated walls

14. basic door schedule

15. heating system type and fuel(s) for both the space and domestic hot water

16. date(s) of existing construction

17. site size in acres

18. maximum planned occupant load

19. water supply and sewage disposal systems

 Approval by Agency of Natural Resources for on-site sewage disposal and/ or

water supply

20. ventilation provisions, supply and exhaust, for all occupied rooms

21. estimated cost of project

22. starting and completion dates

23. date of bond vote

24. identify features with possible historic significance to the best of your knowledge.

The superintendent, architect and school board chair should attend the preliminary review

meeting. It is desirable to have the school principal and other school board members also.

Allow a minimum of three weeks after submissions for the scheduling of preliminary plan

review.

For further information call the School Construction Program .

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Appendix F

ENROLLMENT PROJECTIONS

Ten-year projections are prepared as follows:

1. List live births by year for the past fifteen years.

2. List enrollments by grade levels for the past ten years.

3. Compare kindergarten enrollments for the past five years to the live births for five previous

years. For each year divide the kindergarten enrollment by the live births five years earlier.

Find the average of the results. This will be your survival ratio for kindergarten

enrollments.

4. Develop grade to grade survival ratios for each year. Divide grades one enrollment for each

year by the kindergarten enrollment for the previous year. The average of the

results will be your grade one survival ratio.

5. Repeat step four for each succeeding grade. (dividing grade two enrollments by grade one

enrollments for the previous year, etc.)

6. Find the average number of lives births for the past ten years. Calculate the anticipated

enrollment for each grade for each year ahead. Multiply the number of live births for

each of the past five years by the kindergarten survival ratio to get anticipated kindergarten

enrollments for the next five years. Multiply the average number of births by the kinder

garten survival ratio to get anticipated kindergarten enrollments for years six to ten ahead.

Multiply the kindergarten enrollment by the grade one survival ratio to get the anticipated

first grade enrollment for next year. Multiply the anticipated kindergarten enrollment for

next year by the grade one survival ratio to get the anticipated grade one enrollment for the

following year and so forth through ten years ahead. Repeat the process for succeeding

grades.

This method is familiar to most school administrators and has proved as reliable as any for

predicting school space needs if it can be reasonably assumed that 1) student in-migration

and out-migration will continue as in the past; 2) school board policies on promotion and

retention will remain unchanged; 3) the percentage of school dropouts will remain constant;

4) and the number of pupils entering your schools from non public schools and/or leaving

your school for non-public schools will remain constant.

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Appendix G

SITE INSPECTION – CHECK LIST

A. Size

B. Expendability

C. Site relative to surrounding terrain (flooding)?

D. Soil composition: loam____;sand____;shale____;gravel____;clay____;rock____

E. Clearance required (brush/trees)

F. Erosion____ Swamp____ Prime Agriculture_________

G. General shape:______________________________________________________

H. Development needed:_________________________________________________

I. Distance to school population center:____________________________________

J. Walking distance to ___% of pupils to be served.

K. Miles to most distant pupils:______

L. Access from improved highway:______

M. Safe ingress/egress:_________________

N. Distance from: railroad_______; airport______; heavy traffic________;

Hazardous chemical plant______; unsafe structures________; other_________

O. Distance from objectionable: noises_____; odors_____; nuisances_______

P. Access to: electricity_____; fire protection_____; water_____; telephone_____;

sewage system______

Q. General Observations:

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Appendix H

CLERK OF THE WORKS

DUTIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF AUTHORITY OF CLERK

OF THE WORKS FOR SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION AID PROJECT

1. EXPLAIN CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

Assist the Contractor’s superintendent in understanding the intent of the Contract

Documents.

2. OBSERVATIONS

Conduct on-site observations and spot checks of the work in progress as a basis for determining

conformance of work, materials and equipment with the contract documents, report and

defective work to the board.

3. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Obtain from the board additional details or information if, and when, required at the site for

proper execution of the work. Become acquainted with standard or reference specifications

referred to in the specifications.

4. CONTRACTOR’S SUGGESTIONS

Consider and evaluate suggestions or recommendations which may be submitted by the

contractor to the architect and report them with recommendations to the board for final

decision.

5. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

Be alert to the construction schedule and to conditions, which may cause delay in completion,

and report it to board.

6. LIAISON

Maintain liaison with the Contractor and all subcontractors on the project only through t

the contractor’s superintendent.

7. CONFERENCES

Attend and report to the board on conferences held at the project site as directed by the

board.

8. TESTS

Advise the board in advance of the schedules of tests and observe that tests at the

project site which are required by the contract documents are actually conducted;

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9. INSPECTIONS BY OTHERS

If inspectors, representing local, state or federal agencies having jurisdiction over the

project visit the site, accompany such inspectors during their trips through the project,

record and report to the board the results of these inspections.

10. RECORDS

10.1 Maintain orderly files at the site for (1) correspondence, (2) reports of site

conferences, (3) shop drawings and (4) reproductions of original contract documents

including all addenda, change orders supplementary drawings issued subsequent to the

award of the contract.

10.2 Keep a daily diary or log book, recording hours on the site, weather conditions, list

of visiting officials and jurisdiction, daily activities, decisions, observations in

general, and specific observations in more detail as in the case of observing test

procedures.

10.3 Record names, addresses and telephone numbers for all contractors and

subcontractors.

11. SHOP DRAWINGS

The contractor is not authorized to install any materials and equipment for which shop

drawing are required, unless such drawings have been approved in accordance with

the General Conditions by the Contractor and the Architect.

12. SAMPLES

Receive samples which are required to be furnished at the site; record date received

and from whom, and notify the board of their readiness for examination; record

approval or rejection; and maintain custody of approved samples.

13. CONTRACTOR’S APPLICATIONS FOR PAYMENT

Review the applications for payment submitted by the contractor and forward them

with recommendations to the board for disposition.

14. LIST OF ITEMS FOR CORRECTION

After substantial completion check each item as it is corrected.

15. OWNER’S OCCUPANCY OF THE PROJECT

If the board occupies the project for any portion thereof prior to final completion of

the work by the contractor, be especially alert to possibilities of claims for damage to

work completed prior to occupancy.

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16. OWNER’S EXISTING OPERATION

In the case of additions to or renovations of an existing facility, which must be

maintained in operation during construction is alert to conditions, which could have an

effect on the existing operating of the board.

17.. REJECTION OF WORK

If a situation arises during construction, which in your view requires that work be

rejected, report such situation immediately to the board.

18. LIMITATIONS OF AUTHORITY

Unless specific exceptions are established by written instructions issued by the board:

18.1 Do not authorize deviations from the contract documents.

18.2 Do not personally conduct any tests.

18.3 Do not enter into the area of responsibility of the contractor’s superintendent.

18.4 Do not expedite the work for the contractor.

18.5 Do not advise on, or issue directions relative to, any aspect of construction means,

methods, techniques, sequences or procedures, or for safety precautions and programs

in connection with the work.

18.6 Do not authorize or suggest that the board occupy the project, in whole or in part, prior

to substantial completion.

18.7 Do not issue a certificate for payment.

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Appendix I

AUDIT INFORMATION

Financial Documentation for Construction Aid Payment

It is a requirement to establish a separate checking account and cost accounting system for all school

construction projects. When a district is engaged in a small construction project it may seek approval

from the Department of Education to use existing checking account systems, but must maintain a

separate accounting system.

PLEASE DISCUSS YOUR SYSTEM FOR ACCOUNTING WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF

EDUCATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT.

At the completion of the construction project and the final inspection and approval by all state

agencies and local authorities, the Department of Education will conduct an audit. For the final audit

of accounts the Department expects the following information for each payment to be documented in

a summary report.

 Name of vendor

 Brief description of work performed

 Amount of payment

 Check number

All transactions must be listed on the summary report and available for review. If you are mailing in

copies of the audit materials please include

 Copies of all invoices

 Proof of payment—either copies of cancelled checks or bank statements

Please include all checks and invoices in the same order as the summary report.

EXAMPLE OF SUMMARY REPORT

VENDOR DESCRIPTION OF CHECK AMOUNT OF NOTES

Toyland Playground Equipment 00111 2,000.00

Public Safety Building Permits 00112 4,500.00

Smith & Smith Legal Fees for Bonding 00113 400.00

DE Printing Printing of Ballots 00114 25.00