Kietzmann,*Krueger,*and*Meyer*Stories*
Submitted*by*Sheri*Kennedy,*Great7great*Granddaughter*
*
John*Jacob*Meyer*and*Justina*Augusta*(Kietzmann)*Krueger*Meyer*
!
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*
*
*
*
Justina*Augusta*(Kietzmann)*and*Friedrich*Christoph*Krueger*–*Sacred*Heart*Massacre
Submitted*by*Sheri*Kennedy*
*
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!
John*Jacob*and*Caroline*(Zitzlaff)*Meyer*–*Middle*Creek*Massacre*
Submitted*by*Sheri*Kennedy*
!
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