Microsoft Word - ANG_CHRON

DATE: 2 April 2007

A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE AIR NATIONAL

GUARD AND ITS ANTECEDENTS, 1908 - 2007

Compiled By:

Dr. Charles J. Gross

NGB-PAH

30 April 1908. Aviation enthusiasts in the 1st Company, Signal Corps, New

York National Guard, organized an "aeronautical corps" to learn ballooning.

12 August 1909. The Missouri National Guard directed that a 15-man aero

detachment be organized in Company A, Signal Corps on St. Louis under the

command of 1

Lt. Chester E. Burg. No further developments in use of balloons

or aircraft were reported in the Missouri National Guard until 1923.

February 1911. Eugene Ely, a civilian pilot employed by pioneer aircraft

builder Glenn H. Curtiss, enlisted as a private in the Coast Artillery Corps of

the California National Guard with the objective of serving as a Guard aviator.

Ely had been the first man to fly an aircraft from a warship in 1910 and made

history again in January 1911 when he was the first to land a plane on a naval

vessel.

12 March 1911. The California National Guard established an Aeronautical

Detachment of its 7th Coast Artillery Company. Eugene Ely became the unit’s

first private.

27 July 1911. Eugene Ely, a private in the California National Guard

Aeronautical Detachment of its 7

Coast Artillery Company and a pioneering

civilian aviator, was commissioned.

7 August 1911. Flying his own biplane, 1

Lt. Andrew Drew, commander of

the Missouri National Guard’s Aeronautic Section, became the first individual

to earn a private pilot’s license while serving in the Guard.

October 1911. Pioneer aviator and California Guardsman Eugene Ely was

killed in an aircraft accident on 19 October 1911 in Macon, Georgia while flying

as a civilian aviator.

22 May 1912. Lt. Col. Charles B. Winder of Ohio became the first Guardsman

to be awarded a Reserve Military Aviator's rating. He earned it by completing

the Army's aviation school at Augusta, Georgia.

June 1912. Beckwith Havens, a pilot employed by pioneer aircraft builder

Glenn H. Curtiss, enlisted in the New York National Guard’s 1

Company,

Signal Corps as a private.

August 1912. Private Beckwith Havens of the New York National Guard’s 1

Company, Signal Corps, flew an aircraft that his employer, pioneer aircraft

designer Glenn H. Curtiss, had loaned him during National Guard maneuvers

with the Army at Bridgeport, Connecticut.

September 1912. Rejecting pressure from National Guard interests, the

commander of the Army’s resource-pinched Aviation School at College Park,

Maryland, recommended that Guard officers not be allowed to attend the flying

course there. His recommendation was approved by the Army.

15 July 1915. The Nebraska National Guard organized a small “Aviation

Corps.”

1 November 1915. Capt. Raynal C. Bolling organized and was appointed

commander of the First Aero Company, New York National Guard. His

organization is recognized as the first genuine National Guard Aviation unit.

30 June 1916. The Second Aero Company, New York National Guard, was

mustered in Buffalo under the command of Capt. John Sutterfield.

13 July 1916. The First Aero Company, New York National Guard, was

mobilized during the border crisis with Mexico precipitated by Pancho Villa's

raid on Columbus, New Mexico. This was the first time that a Guard aviation

unit was called into federal service. It trained at Mineola, New York but did not

deploy to the Mexican border.

18 September 1916. The Second Aero Company, New York National Guard,

was disbanded. Although 15 of its members took flight instruction with the

First Aero Company, New York National Guard, the unit was never

mobilized.

2 November 1916. The First Aero Company, New York National Guard, was

mustered out of federal service at Mineola, New York.

6 April 1917. The United States declared war on the Central Powers and

formally entering World War I.

April 1917. The War Department decided that National Guard air

organizations would be disbanded during the World War I mobilization.

Individual Guardsmen would be encouraged to volunteer for aviation duty as

reservists.

23 May 1917. The First Aero Company, New York National Guard, was

disbanded.

26 March 1918. Col. Raynal C. Bolling, a former New York National

Guardsman who had established and commanded that state’s First Aero

Company, was killed by German infantry during a ground reconnaissance near

Amiens, France. He was the most senior American military aviator to die

during World War I.

14 April 1918. In France, former Tennessee Guardsman Reed Chambers,

joined Eddie Rickenbacker and David Peterson in flying the first combat

mission ever ordered by an American commander of a U.S. Army unit composed

of American pilots. With six aerial kills, Chambers was one of four former

Guardsmen to become an ace during World War I.

May 1918. Maj. Reuben Fleet, an Army officer and former Washington state

Guardsman, organized the first U.S. air mail service. After World War I, he left

the Army and founded the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation in Buffalo, New

York.

8 August 1918. 1

Lt. Reed G. Landis, a former Illinois National Guardsmen,

scored three aerial kills bringing his wartime total to six. He ended the First

World War with 10 victories.

2 September 1918. 1

Lt. Field E. Kindley, a former Kansas Guardsman,

scored his fifth kill in aerial kill. He ended World War I with 11 kills.

6 October 1918. 2

Lt. Erwin R. Bleckley, a Kansas Guardsman flying as an

aircraft observer in France with the 50

Aero Squadron of the American

Expeditionary Forces (AEF), was killed while trying to locate and resupply the

famous “lost battalion” of American infantry that had been cut off by the

Germans in the Argonne Forrest. Both Bleckley and his pilot, 1

Lt. Harold E.

Goettler, were awarded Medals of Honor posthumously. Bleckley was the first

National Guard aviator to be a recipient of the nation’s highest award for

valor.

22 October 1918. 1st Lt. Martinus Stenseth, a former Minnesota National

Guardsman, was credited with 3.14 aerial victories bringing his total to 6.14.

He ended World War I with 6.47 kills.

30 September 1919. When asked by the Militia Bureau for information and

ideas about forming aviation units in the postwar National Guard, Maj. Gen.

Charles T. Menoher, an artillery officer serving as Chief of the Army’s Air

Service replied that his organization had no such policies. He added that he

foresaw “formidable obstacles” to such units in the Guard.

10 February 1920. The War Department granted authority for the National

Guard to organize an air unit in each of its infantry divisions.

1 June 1920. The Militia Bureau issued its Circular No. 1 addressing the

postwar organization of aviation units in the National Guard.

26 September 1920. Encouraged by Governor Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist,

three members of the Minnesota National Guard - - Capt. Ray S. Miller, Lt. Col.

William Garis, the Assistant Adjutant General, and Brig. Gen. Walter Rhinow,

the Adjutant General - - launched a flight to Washington, DC from St. Paul on

a rented airplane to successfully lobby the Militia Bureau and the Army Air

Service to form a National Guard aviation unit in their state.

November 1920. Maj. Gen. Milton Reckord, the Adjutant General of

Maryland, met with members of the American Flying Club, a civilian

organization promoting the development of aviation in the U.S., to discuss the

possibility of establishing a National Guard flying squadron in his state. Most

of the members of the club were Army Reserve officers who were flyers. Their

meeting with General Reckord was a key event leading to the creation of an

observation squadron in the Maryland National Guard in 1921.

17 January 1921. Minnesota’s 109th Squadron (redesignated the 109th

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923) became the first post World War I

National Guard air unit to receive federal recognition.

29 June 1921. The 104

Squadron (redesignated the 104

Observation

Squadron on 25 January 1923), Maryland National Guard, received federal

recognition. It emerged from a flying club active in Baltimore during 1919 and

1920. Initially, its 34 members had no uniforms or aircraft. They trained every

Saturday afternoon at Logan Field in Dundalk, Maryland. Their training

initially consisted of military drill and instruction about aviation topics.

July 1921. Maryland’s 104

Squadron received several of its allotted 13

Curtiss JN-4Ds, becoming the first postwar National Guard aviation unit to

obtain planes from the Army Air Service.

1 August 1921. The 137

Squadron, Indiana National Guard, received

recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. (It was redesignated the 113

Squadron

and assigned to the 38

Division on 3 January 1923 and redesignated the 113

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923.)

17 November 1921. The 102

Squadron (redesignated the 102

Observation

Squadron on 25 January 1923), New York National Guard, received federal

recognition. One of its original organizers and early commanders was Lt. Col.

George A. Vaughan, a veteran combat pilot with 9.5 kills in Europe during

World War I.

18 November 1921. The 101

Squadron, Massachusetts National Guard,

received federal recognition. (It was redesignated the 101

Observation

Squadron on 25 January 1923.)

4 December 1921. The 136

Squadron, Tennessee National Guard, received

federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. (It was redesignated the 136

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923 and then the 105

Observation

Squadron when assigned to the 30

Division on 16 January 1924.)

21 January 1922. The 125

Squadron, Alabama National Guard, received

federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. (It was redesignated the 135

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923 and then the 114

Observation

Squadron when assigned to the 39

Division on 1 May 1923 and then the 106

Observation Squadron when assigned to the 31

Division on 16 January 1924.)

Maj. James A. Meissner, a World War I ace who had flown with Capt. Eddie

Rickenbacker, led the effort to form the unit and served as its first

commander.

February 1922. The 104

Observation Squadron, Minnesota National Guard,

received its first official military aircraft, nine Curtiss JN-6H’s, after it moved

into permanent facilities at Speedway Field. Until that time, the unit had

trained on rented civilian aircraft.

22 May 1922. Members of the 136

Squadron, Tennessee National Guard,

conducted a sham air battle for the public above the American Legion Field in

Nashville.

30 June 1922. The Militia Bureau reported that 53 Army airplanes had been

issued to 6 National Guard aviation units by this date.

July 1922. Maryland’s 104

Squadron became the first postwar National

Guard flying unit to participate in an annual summer training encampment.

The training was conducted at Langley Field, Virginia.

January 1923. The National Guard sent 10 officers to Brooks Field, Texas to

begin Army flight training and 8 of them subsequently graduated to become

junior airplane pilots.

23 June 1923. The 110

Observation Squadron, Missouri National Guard,

received federal recognition.

27 June 1923. The 120

Observation Squadron, Colorado National Guard,

received federal recognition.

29 June 1923. The 111

Observation Squadron, Texas National Guard,

received federal recognition.

1 November 1923. The 118

Observation Squadron, Connecticut, received

federal recognition.

13 June 1924. The first aircraft (JN-4s) arrived at Brainard Field,

Hartford, Connecticut, for the 118

Observation Squadron enabling active

flying to begin at that location.

16 June 1924. The 115

Observation Squadron, California National Guard,

received Federal recognition.

27 June 1924. The 103

Observation Squadron, Pennsylvania National

Guard, received federal recognition.

6 August 1924. The 116

Observation Squadron, Washington state National

Guard, received federal recognition.

13 June 1925. In a sham air battle staged 4,000 feet over Times Square, four

National Guard aircraft defeated an attack on New York City by four Army

planes and then chased them back over Long Island. The clash was watched by

an estimated 6,000 persons. It was also broadcast live by radio station WOR in

Newark, New Jersey.

6 July 1925. The 116

Observation Squadron, Washington state National

Guard, hired its first six full-time “caretaker” personnel under the authority of

the National Defense Act of 1916. They maintained the unit’s airfield and

equipment between drills as well as when the unit was not conducting its

annual training encampment.

24 October 1925. The 154

Observation Squadron, Arkansas National Guard,

received federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit.

22 February 1926. Members of the 113

Observation Squadron joined other

Indiana National Guardsmen in performing riot duty. They were released from

state service on 23 March 1926.

7 May 1926. The 107

Observation Squadron, Michigan National Guard,

received federal recognition.

2 July 1926. By act of Congress, the Army Air Service became the Army Air

Corps. The Air Corps was required to assist and support National Guard

aviation units including training them.

7 March 1927. Accompanied by MSgt Clyde Plank, 1

Lt Daniel F. Kearns

of the Colorado National Guard’s 120

Observation Squadron flew one of the

unit’s Douglas 0-2C biplanes to Silverton in the southwestern corner of the

state to deliver badly needed typhoid vaccine over the 11,000 to 12,000 foot

mountain peaks which ringed that community. The 120

’s first mercy

mission was launched because devastating snowstorms had completely

isolated Silverton from the outside world for six weeks and civil authorities

feared the outbreak of a typhoid epidemic.

18 April 1927. 10 officers and 50 enlisted members of the 154

Observation

Squadron, Arkansas National Guard and their Curtiss JN-4 and JN-6 aircraft

began performing relief duties during the great Mississippi River flood, one of

the worst natural disasters in American history. Those Guardsmen airlifted

food, medicines, and supplies to workers shoring up levees along the river.

They also patrolled the levees to spot potential breaks and worked to plug gaps

in those embankments. Members of the unit flew over 20,000 miles delivering

serum, food and supplies across their state during the flood. The unit was

released from active duty on 3 May 1927.

20-21 May 1927. Capt. Charles A. Lindbergh, a member of the 110th

Observation Squadron, Missouri National Guard, became the first person to fly

solo across the Atlantic Ocean. For his accomplishment, he received the Medal

of Honor, one of three Guard aviators to be awarded the nation’s highest

military honor.

20 June 1927. The 112

Observation Squadron, Ohio National Guard,

received federal recognition. This brought the total number of National Guard

aviation units to 17. They were manned by 330 officers and 1,636 enlisted

men.

June 1927. 14 of the 17 Guard aviation units began modernizing their aircraft

inventories, receiving Douglas 0-2C and Curtiss 0-11 observation aircraft plus

Consolidated PT-1 and Douglas BT-1 trainers. That was part of a plan

approved by the Militia Bureau and the Army during Fiscal Year 1926 to phase

out the Guard’s aging Curtiss JNS trainers.

1 July 1927. The 108

Observation Squadron, Illinois National Guard,

received federal recognition.

24 August 1927. The War Department announced that the Douglas

Airplane Company, the Keystone Aircraft Company, and the Curtis Airplane

& Motor Company had won its design contest to equip National Guard

squadrons with new aircraft. The department was authorized to award

contracts to all or one of the firms to build three to ten planes for the Guard.

If they proved successful in operational service, then the War Department

planned to purchase enough of them for Guard squadrons across the nation

but the total numbers that would involve were not available for

announcement.

September 1927. Tennessee’s 105

Observation Squadron burned the last

JN-4 “Jennies” in U.S. military service.

25 October 1927. The War Department announced the first contract with the

Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company to purchase 35 new O-11 type

observation planes. They would replace the antiquated and unfit JN type

aircraft that had been withdrawn from National Guard service the previous

month.

October 1927. The governor of Colorado, W. H. Adams, dispatched five

officers and four enlisted members plus three Douglas O-2C aircraft to Pueblo

to patrol the southern part of the state which was being plagued by a series of

bloody coal strikes. The aircraft patrolled the troubled coal fields during the

day. The strikes then spread to the northern part of the state. Starting in

November, the 120

flew daily recon flights over the northern area of

disturbances. By January 1928, the confrontations had ended and the unit

was relieved from active duty.

24 May 1927. Because of an attempted prison break at July 1929. The War

Department placed the first orders to purchase 1 new Douglas 0-38A and 12

new Douglas 0-38s biplanes to begin modernizing the Guard’s aircraft

inventory. These aircraft models were destined to remain the standard

equipment of Guard observation squadrons through much of the 1930s.

30 January 1930. The 119

Observation Squadron, New Jersey National

Guard, received federal recognition. It was the last of the original 19 air units

allotted to the National Guard after World War I to be organized.

January 1930. For three weeks during the peak of ice floods on the lower

Wabash River, daily patrols were flown by five aircraft and aircrews from the

Indiana National Guard’s 113

Observation Squadron. The Guardsmen

dropped food and clothing to cutoff refugees, ferried doctors, and provided all

other possible assistance to flood victims.

May 1931. The National Guard provided 65 aircraft and crews from all of its

19 observation squadrons to participate in the Army Air Corps’ annual

maneuvers that began at Wright Field, Ohio and then crisscrossed the United

States.

7 June 1932. An Ohio National Guard Douglas O-38 flown by 2

Lt. Karl E.

Bushong dropped 25 tear gas bombs on a group of protestors near a mine and

sprayed an adjacent hillside with machine gun fire to scare them away at the

request of the Guernsey County sheriff. The protestors, mostly angry women

who had been stoning working miners during a coal strike, dispersed.

30 June 1932. 2

Lt. Karl E. Bushong dropped tear gas bombs from his Ohio

National Guard Douglas 0-38 on several boatloads of West Virginia coal miners

crossing the Ohio River at Powhatan to work as strike breakers in coal mines

in the Buckeye state. He supported boatloads of striking Ohio coal miners who

had intercepted the West Virginia miners in mid river. While the naval battle

between 15 boatloads of miners armed with clubs and oars was progressing,

Ohio National Guard soldiers fired machine gun tracer rounds at the far bank

of the river to persuade would-be strike breakers to remain in West Virginia.

13 February 1934. At the direction of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the

Army Air Corps (AAC) took over responsibility for carrying domestic air

mail from commercial airlines whose government contracts had been

cancelled by the White House because of suspected collusion and fraud in the

granting of those arrangements. The National Guard contributed 53 of its

newest planes plus aircraft mechanics and airfields to the effort. National

Guard offers to furnish some of its own pilots to the emergency effort -- many

of whom were more experienced than there AAC pilots and, unlike the latter,

were used to flying sophisticated commercial airliners at night and in poor

weather -- were spurned by the Army. Poorly trained and ill-equipped Army

flyers suffered an alarming number of fatal crashes before the responsibility

for flying the air mail was returned to the airlines on 1 June 1934.

19 February 1934. Army Air Corps pilots began flying mail on routes across

the country after President Franklin D. Roosevelt cancelled all government

airmail contracts with commercial airlines after he decided that they had been

arranged through collusion and fraud. The National Guard loaned the Army 53

of its newest and best aircraft for the operation. It also made available Guard

airfields and hangars to Army flyers at all locations along the airmail routes.

The Air Corps returned its last airmail run to a commercial airline on 1 June

1934

7 August 1934. During their annual training encampment, pilots of the

Tennessee National Guard’s 105

Observation Squadron initiated a new type

of air-to-air gunnery training replacing their machine guns with cameras and

film. Their gun cameras recorded on film the time and location of theoretical

bullet hits on other planes during aerial combat maneuvers.

7-8 September 1934. Members of New Jersey’s 119

Observation Squadron,

flying Douglas 0-38E biplanes, assisted the rescue of passengers and crew from

the burning liner S.S. Morrow Castle off the “Garden State’s” coast. They were

personally directed by their Governor, A. Harry Moore, who flew on some of

the rescue missions.

July 1936 The first of 45 brand new North American 0-47A’s were ordered for

Guard aviation units by the War Department. The 0-47 was the first Guard

aircraft to incorporate such modern aircraft features as retractable landing

gear, a fully enclosed cockpit, and cantilever monoplane construction.

24 January 1937. Martial law was declared in Evansville, Indiana because of

a huge Ohio River flood which inundated the southern portion of the state. The

entire 113

Observation Squadron of the Indiana National Guard was called

into service during the emergency which lasted into the following month.

Aircrews from the unit relayed information to Guardsmen on the ground and

provided vital radio relay communications for the area since many telephone

circuits had failed. The flood damaged property from Pittsburgh to Cairo,

Illinois, left 1 million people homeless and 385 dead, and caused property losses

valued at $500 million.

30 January 1937. Personnel and aircraft from the Tennessee National

Guard’s 105

Observation Squadron were ordered to Memphis from their home

station at Nashville for flood relief duty. Equipped with two-way radios, they

flew river patrol missions searching for high water areas and flood victims plus

stranded livestock to aid rescue efforts. They returned to their home station on

10 February 1937.

3 April 1937. The last of 46 Douglas 0-46 monoplanes were delivered to Guard

units. The 0-46 was the first monoplane to become standard equipment in

Guard aviation squadrons. It featured a fully enclosed cockpit while retaining

fixed landing gear.

8 July 1937. The National Guard Bureau took delivery of the Guard’s first

multi-engine aircraft, the Y1C-37, 37-376, a military staff transport version of

a Lockheed twin-engine commercial airliner.

22 July 1938. The National Guard took delivery of the first of 93 North

American 0-47A airplanes that it had contracted for. The aircraft was an all-

metal, long wing monoplane with a crew of three designed specifically for

observation missions.

3 April 1939. Congress approved an ambitious Army Air Corps expansion

program due to the rapidly deteriorating international security situation.

Among its provisions, the program authorized increased personnel and aircraft

allotments for the 19 existing Nation Guard observation squadrons and the

creation of 10 more such units.

27 September 1939. The 153

Observation Squadron, Mississippi National

Guard, received federal recognition. It was the first of the 10 additional

National Guard aviation units authorized earlier that year by Congress in the

Army Air Corps’ expansion program.

13 October 1939. The 152

Observation Squadron, Rhode Island National

Guard, received federal recognition.

16 September 1940. The National Guard’s 105

, 116

, 119

, and 154

Observation Squadrons were mobilized for federal service to help strengthen

the defenses of the continental United States as part of the nation’s pre World

War II military buildup. When called to active duty, those and all subsequently

mobilized National Guard observation squadrons became part of the Army Air

Corps (later Army Air Forces) instead of retaining their previous assignments

as National Guard divisional or Army corps aviation units.

12 November 1940. The 126

Observation Squadron, Wisconsin National

Guard, received federal recognition.

10 February 1941. The 125

Observation Squadron, Oklahoma National

Guard, received federal recognition.

25 February 1941. The 124

Observation Squadron, Iowa National Guard,

received federal recognition.

2 March 1941. The 122

Observation Squadron, Louisiana National Guard,

received federal recognition.

10 April 1941. The 121

Observation Squadron, District of Columbia National

Guard, received federal recognition.

18 April 1941. The 123

Observation Squadron, Oregon National Guard,

received federal recognition.

1 May 1941. The 128

Observation Squadron, Georgia National Guard,

received federal recognition.

4 August 1941. The 127

Observation Squadron, Kansas National Guard,

received federal recognition. It was the last of the National Guard’s 29 pre

World War II aviation units to be organized.

15 October 1941. The last of the National Guard’s 29 pre World War II

aviation units, Mississippi’s 153

Observation Squadron, was called into

federal service.

Altogether, approximately 4,800 National Guard aviation

personnel, including 613 pilots, were mobilized during 1940-1941 from the

Guard’s flying units.

7 December 1941. Carrier-based Japanese aircraft attacked U.S. naval and

air forces on Oahu, Hawaii sending the United States into World War II.

January 1942. By the early part of that month, 17 National Guard aviation

squadrons were flying antisubmarine patrols over the Atlantic Ocean off the

U.S. east coast, 3 others were flying such missions over the Gulf of Mexico and

5 were patrolling off the west coast. Of the remaining four units, three were

training with ground forces within the continental U.S., and the 108

Observation Squadron, formerly of the Illinois National Guard,

had been

dispatched to the Panama Canal Zone.

100

12-13 January 1942. Ten 0-47 aircraft and crews from several Guard aviation

squadrons sailed from San Francisco, California for Singapore as part of

Combat Team X, a unit formed with 10 aircraft and crews from former Guard

units. After Singapore fell to the Japanese, they were diverted to Australia

where they briefly flew antisubmarine patrols before being transferred to other

Army Air Forces units with more modern aircraft.

101

22 February 1942. While flying a tow target for gunners at Fort McArthur,

Orv Shelton, a pilot in the California National Guard’s mobilized 115

Observation Squadron, spotted a Japanese submarine in the channel between

Catalina Island and the mainland.

102

7 September 1942. The 107

, 109

, and 153

Observation Squadrons began

setting up for operations at Membury, Wiltshire in the United Kingdom as part

of the Army Air Forces’ 67

Observation Group, later redesignated the 67

Tactical Reconnaissance Group.

103

18 October 1942. The 121

Observation Squadron from the District of

Columbia National Guard was inactivated after flying antisubmarine patrols

from the United States. The former Guard unit was reorganized six months

later as the 121

Liaison Squadron and then was dispatched to Algeria.

104

9-10 November 1942. The 111

, 122

, and 154

Observation Squadrons

arrived in Morocco to participate in Operation Torch as elements of the Army

Air Force’s 68

Observation Group. They were equipped with Douglass A-

20s.

105

April 1943. Flying during the Algeria-Tunisia campaign, the 154

Observation Squadron, formerly of the Arkansas National Guard, became the

first Army Air Forces unit to take P-51 Mustangs, powered by Allison engines,

into combat.

106

7 July 1943. The 111

Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly the 111

Observation Squadron of the Texas National Guard, began preparing to fly

tactical reconnaissance missions from its base at Bou Fucia, Tunisia during the

invasion of Sicily which was launched three days later.

107

14 July 1943. The 111

Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly of the

Texas National Guard, began flying tactical reconnaissance missions from

Sicily in direct support of advancing allied troops on that island.

108

1 August 1943. Lt. Col. Addison E. Baker, an Ohio Guardsman who

commanded the Army Air Forces’ 93

Heavy Bombardment Group, perished

when his B-24D was shot down during an ill-fated raid on enemy oil refineries

at Ploesti, Rumania. Baker and his co-pilot, Major John J. Jerstad were each

posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for their heroic actions during that

mission.

109

15 August 1943. Beginning on this date, the first of eight Guard air units

that had been were retained in the United States were inactivated prior to the

war’s end. Their personnel and equipment were distributed to other Army Air

Forces units. The first unit was the 105

Reconnaissance Squadron

(Bombardment). It was followed by the 113

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron

(TRS), 116

TRS, 120

TRS, 102

TRS, 124

TRS, plus the 489

and 490

Fighter Squadrons (formerly the 104

and 109

Observation Squadrons).

110

16 September 1943. The 111

Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly

the Texas National Guard’s 111

Observation Squadron, began operating from

bases on the Italian mainland, seven days after the nearly disastrous invasion

of Salerno by elements of Lt. Gen. Mark Clark’s U.S. Fifth Army.

111

1 November 1943. The 108

Reconnaissance Squadron (Special), originally

the 108

Observation Squadron, Illinois National Guard, was inactivated at

Howard Field in the Panama Canal Zone after serving there for 21 months.

112

8 November 1943. The last 16 personnel of the Louisiana National Guard’s

122

Observation Squadron were transferred to a new unit, the 855

Bombardment Squadron (Heavy). Equipped primarily with B-17s, the 855

flew special missions, including dropping agents and supplies to partisans in

occupied Europe, for the rest of the war from bases in Algeria and Italy.

113

30 November 1943. The 120

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (formerly

the 120

Observation Squadron, Colorado National Guard), which had been

mobilized for service with the Army Air Forces (AAF) in World War II, was

inactivated at Birmingham, Alabama. Its personnel and equipment were

transferred to other AAF units.

114

5 December 1943. Equipped with Bell P-39Q’s, the 110

Reconnaissance

Squadron (Fighter), originally the 110

Observation Squadron, Missouri

National Guard, arrived in Australia. It then moved to New Guinea to support

General Douglas MacArthur’s offensive against Japanese forces.

115

20 December 1943. The 107

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the

107

Observation Squadron, Michigan National Guard, commenced combat

operations over France from the United Kingdom with its F-6A’s in preparation

for the Allied invasion of Europe.

116

30 January 1944. Equipped with North American B-25s, the 106

Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the Alabama National Guard’s 106

Observation Squadron, flew its first combat sorties against the Japanese from

its base on Sterling Island in the South Pacific.

117

21 February 1944. SSgts Jim Nichols and Gene Salitrinik, enlisted pilots and

former members of the California National Guard’s 115

Observation

Squadron, were reported missing in action after they landed their light aircraft

behind enemy lines to rescue the pilot of a downed P-40. After 28 days of

dodging the Japanese, leeches, and mosquitoes while struggling through dense

jungles, they plus the fighter pilot and an Australian jungle specialist who had

been parachuted in to help them escape, were rescued by an American patrol.

118

23 February 1944. The 107

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the

107

Observation Squadron, Michigan National Guard, and other units of the

Tactical Reconnaissance were assigned the responsibility of photographing

the French coastline in preparation for the Normandy invasion, Operation

Overlord.

119

21 January 1944. The 110th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly the

110

Observation Squadron, Missouri National Guard, began flying combat

missions from New Guinea.

120

28 March 1944. The 118

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the

118

Observation Squadron, Connecticut National Guard, began flying

defensive patrols in India. It was the first of five former National Guard air

units to conduct combat operations in the China-Burma-India theater. The

others were the 103

and 123

Photographic Reconnaissance Squadrons plus

the 115

and 127

Liaison Squadrons.

121

12 April 1944. The 840

Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), formerly the 128

Observation Squadron, Georgia National Guard, commenced combat operations

with its Boeing B-17s from a base in Italy.

122

6 June 1944. 1

Lt. Donald J. Smith, a prewar enlisted member of the

Illinois National Guard’s 108

Observation Squadron, was shot down while

piloting his B-24 on a bombing raid against the oil refineries at Ploesti,

Romania. He parachuted safely from his burning aircraft, evaded capture by

German forces, and escaped to allied lines in Italy months later with the aid of

Yugoslav partisans. After the war, he rejoined the Illinois National Guard and

rose to the rank of major general in its ANG organization.

123

27 June 1944. Personnel and several F-6As from the 107

Tactical

Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 107

Observation Squadron, Michigan

National Guard, became the first Army Air Forces tactical reconnaissance unit

to operate from liberated France.

124

June 1944. The 118

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 118

Observation Squadron, Connecticut National Guard, was attached to and then

assigned to the 23

Fighter Group -- heir of the Flying Tigers -- in China. It

flew Curtiss P-40Ns and then North American F-6Cs.

125

11 September 1944. 1

Lt. Joseph J. Maish, Jr., a prewar pilot in the

Maryland National Guard’s 104

Observation Squadron, shot down two

German ME-109s while flying a bomber escort mission over Europe in a P-51.

For his accomplishment, he was awarded the Silver Star.

126

September 1944. The 121

Liaison Squadron, formerly the 121

Observation

Squadron, District of Columbia National Guard, became operational in Italy. It

flew missions in Piper L-4s and Stinson L-5s supporting American ground

troops in northern Italy and southern France until German forces

surrendered.

127

10 December 1944. The 127

Liaison Squadron (Commando), formerly the

127

Observation Squadron, Kansas National Guard, arrived in Bombay, India

and prepared to fly missions in support of British forces in the China Burma

India theater with a variety of light aircraft.

128

20 February 1945. Flying a P-51 for the Army Air Forces 356

Fighter

Group, Maj. Donald J. Strait, a pre war enlisted member of the New Jersey

National Guard’s 119

Observation Squadron, scored the last 3 of his 13.5 kills

of German aircraft during the Second World War. He was the only known pre

war Guardsman to become an Army Air Forces ace during that conflict. After

the war, Strait joined the New Jersey ANG and served in it until he retired in

1978 as a major general.

129

February 1945. The 37

Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly

Rhode Island’s 152

Observation Squadron, began flying missions from Italy in

unarmed Lockheed F-5s.

130

February 1945. From its base about 80 miles north of Calcutta, India, the

127

Liaison Squadron (Commando), formerly the Kansas National Guard’s

127

Observation Squadron, began supporting the British Army’s offensive

against Japanese forces in Burma. The unit conducted communications,

photographic, visual reconnaissance, personnel transport, and supply missions

with it Stinson L-5s and other light aircraft until late April 1945.

131

12 December 1945. The Aviation Group of the National Guard Bureau (NGB)

was established to help plan and organize a new reserve component -- the Air

National Guard (ANG) -- of a planned new military service, the United States

Air Force. The Aviation Group, NGB consisted of three individuals headed by

Col. William R. Robertson, an Army Air Forces officer.

132

30 January 1946. The Army Chief of Staff, General of the Armies Dwight D.

Eisenhower, ordered the piecemeal activation of National Guard aviation units

under an Army Air Forces’ plan.

133

February 1946. The National Guard Bureau officially announced the plan

for the postwar Air National Guard to the states.

134

March 1946. The first mission given to the new Air Defense Command (ADC)

of the Army Air Forces was to “organize and administer the integrated air

defense system of the Continental United States; . . . [and] maintain units of

the Air National Guard . . . in a highly trained and operational condition of

readiness; . . . . [for that mission]”

135

15 April 1946. Lt. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer, the commander of the Air

Defense Command, wrote the Chief of the National Guard Bureau that “The

mission of the air national security of the United States . . . has been assigned

in large measure to the Air National Guard.”

136

25 April 1946. General of the Armies Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Army Chief

of Staff, approved a revised plan for a new postwar aviation organization that

would be known as the Air National Guard.

137

5 June 1946. The mission of the Air Defense Command with respect to Air

Guard units was changed by the Army Air Forces to only training rather than

holding them in a high state of operational readiness.

138

30 June 1946. The 120

Fighter Squadron, Colorado National Guard, was

extended federal recognition. Slated to be equipped with P-51D’s, it was the

first unit to be federally recognized after World War II in what was to become a

brand new reserve component in September 1947, the Air National Guard.

139

13 July 1946. Permanent caretakers (technicians) were authorized for the

Colorado National Guard’s flying unit which was federally recognized as the

140

Fighter Group in November of that year.

140

29 July 1946. The 39

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 101

Observation Squadron, Massachusetts National Guard, was inactivated at

March Field, California. The 39

had flown combat missions in Europe from

March to May 1945. It was the last unit carrying a prewar National Guard

lineage to leave active federal service after World War II.

141

15 September 1946. An AT-6 trainer was delivered to Colorado’s 120

Fighter Squadron. It was the first aircraft provided to any post World War II

National Guard air unit by the Army Air Forces.

142

20 September 1946. The 175

Fighter Squadron, South Dakota ANG was

extended federal recognition. Lt. Col. Joseph J. Foss, a Marine ace credited with

destroying 26 Japanese airplanes in the Solomon Islands area of the Pacific

Ocean and a Medal of Honor recipient during World War II, was instrumental

in founding the unit and served as its first commander. Foss had begun his

military career in October 1939 as an enlisted member of the South Dakota

National Guard.

143

September 1946. The Nebraska ANG received its first aircraft: 22 P-51

fighters, 7 B-26 bombers, 2 C-47 transports, and 3 T-6 trainers.

144

18 September 1947. Effective this date, the National Security Act of 1947

created the United States Air Force (USAF) as a separate military service and

established the Air National Guard as a reserve component of the USAF.

145

16 June 1948. California’s 196

Fighter Squadron became the first Air

Guard unit to complete its conversion to jets and was redesignated the 196

Fighter Squadron (Jet). The 196

was equipped with brand new Lockheed P-

80C Shooting Stars which had been ordered during Fiscal Year (FY) 1947 and

FY 1948 to equip five ANG squadrons.

146

27 July 1948. The Nebraska Air Guard’s 173

Fighter Squadron received

the first two of its allotted 25 F-80C jet fighters.

147

1 October 1948. The Air Force Division, National Guard Bureau, was

established as part of the Bureau's reorganization in response to the National

Security Act of 1947. Maj. Gen. George G. Finch, a Georgia Air Guardsman,

was appointed the first Chief of the Air Force Division.

148

7 December 1948. Reflecting the fact that senior Pentagon officials viewed

the Air Guard as an unusable military force, Secretary of Defense James

Forrestal wrote President Harry Truman that “The situation is . . . complicated

by the impracticability of attempting to organize, operate and train effective

[ANG] combat forces when the components are under the control of forty-eight

‘commanders-in-chief’.”

149

20 January 1949. During President Harry Truman’s inauguration parade,

some 300 Air National Guard F-47s and F-51s from 25 states roared over the

Capitol in a massive formation.

150

January 1949. Following devastating blizzards, Air Guard C-47s began

dropping hay to stranded and starving livestock throughout the Rocky

Mountain region. Colorado ANG C-47s flew 17 such missions in January and

February 1949 dropping tons of hay that saved thousands of cattle and

wildlife. Transport aircraft from ANG fighter squadrons in Utah, Wyoming,

and North Dakota were similarly employed. Colorado Air Guard F-51s and A-

26s also flew reconnaissance missions during that emergency. The Arizona

Air Guard dropped food packages to villages and hospitals on the Navajo

Indian Reservation during that month.

151

February 1949. Congress rejected a Truman administration initiative to

merge the Air National Guard into the Air Force Reserve.

152

February 1949. Two Curtiss C-46F transports assigned to the Hawaii ANG’s

199

Fighter Squadron flew 76 airlift missions carrying 1,452 passengers and

180,758 pounds of cargo to provide relief to flash flood victims on the island of

Kauai.

153

26 May 1949. As of this date, all 514 ANG units authorized in postwar plans

of the War Department had been organized and federally recognized.

154

30 June 1949. The ANG’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1949) reached

40,995.

155

October 1949. The National Guard Bureau authorized the creation of an Air

section in each state National Guard headquarters.

156

12 November 1949. Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead, the commander of the

Continental Air Command (CONAC), wrote that “at best the Air National

Guard represents aircraft in flyable storage.” CONAC was responsible for

supervising the ANG for the Air Force.

157

December 1949. Indiana became the first state to name a chief of the newly

authorized air section of its state National Guard headquarters staff with the

appointment of Brig. Gen. Oliver H. Stout to that post.

158

5 January 1950. Senior officers at Headquarters U.S. Air Force and the

CONAC decided that the Air Guard could not be relied upon as force that

would be immediately ready to perform its air defense mission upon

mobilization. Instead, they concluded that the ANG should be shifted to a

tactical support mission that it could perform after additional preparations

following mobilization for a general war.

159

13 February 1950. Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg, the Air Force Chief of Staff,

approved a proposal to eliminate the ANG's Mobilization-Day mission and give

it less crucial responsibilities. The proposal was rejected by the Secretary of

Defense primarily for budgetary reasons.

160

March 1950. The National Guardsman magazine announced that, in

accordance with the National Defense Act, four Air Guard officers had been

called to active duty tours of four years each with Headquarters, U.S. Air Force

to deal with all matters pertaining to the Air National Guard. They were: Col.

Clinton A. Burrows, California; Col. Orren H. Lane, Georgia; Lt. Col. Edward

H. Bradford, Massachusetts; and Lt. Col. Royal Hatch, Jr., Alabama.

161

April 1950. Air National Guard teams participated in the annual U.S. Air

Force Gunnery Meet for the first time, The Air Guard was authorized two

teams in the competition which was held at Las Vegas, Nevada. Utah’s 191

Fighter Squadron, flying F-51s, finished fourth in the conventional aircraft

class. Florida’s 159

Fighter Squadron, operating F-80s, finished eighth in the

jet aircraft class.

162

25 June 1950. The Korean War began when the North Koreans invaded

South Korea.

163

30 June 1950. The Air National Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal

Year 1950) reached 44,728 including approximately 3,600 pilots.

164

20 July 1950. The Continental Air Command requested the mobilization of

20 ANG fighter squadrons to strengthen the air defenses of the United

States. The request was denied by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force because the

number of Air Force fighter interceptor wings were already scheduled to be

increased by four during Fiscal Year 1951.

165

23 July 1950. The aircraft carrier U.S.S. Boxer arrived in Tokyo with 145

F-51s aboard which had taken from ANG units for transfer to Air Force units

which were gearing up for combat in Korea.

166

4 September 1950. After a debate within Headquarters, U.S. Air Force

and the Air Force Division of the National Guard Bureau between those who

advocated mobilizing a few highly trained ANG units and those who favored

mobilizing as many Air Guard units as possible under existing budget

restrictions, the latter policy was adopted.

167

9 September 1950. The Kentucky ANG’s 123

Fighter Group received

public notice that it would be mobilized because of the Korean War. Just

prior to its call-up in October 1950, 10 of the unit’s F-51s were shipped to the

Far East.

168

10 October 1950. The first ANG units were mobilized during the Korean

War. This was seen as a temporary expedient by the Air Force which planned

to demobilize them by April 1951.

169

Flying squadrons called up on that date

were the: 111

Fighter Squadron (FS), Texas; 112th Bomb Squadron

(Light), Ohio; 125th FS, Oklahoma; 127th FS, Kansas; 128th FBS, Georgia;

154th FS, Arkansas; 156th FS, North Carolina; 157th FS, South Carolina;

158th FS, Georgia; 159th FS, Florida; 160th FS, Alabama; 165th FS

Kentucky; 167th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), West Virginia; 182nd FS,

Texas; and the 196th FBS, California.

170

All of those units were assigned to

the Tactical Air Command.

171

11-21 October 1950. Upon mobilization because of the Korean War, the

165

Fighter Squadron (FS), Kentucky ANG, 167

FS, West Virginia ANG,

and the 154

FS, North Carolina ANG, were consolidated at Goodman Field,

Fort Knox, Kentucky as the 123

Fighter Group. The unit trained F-51

replacement pilots for combat in Korea, provided firepower demonstrations,

and performed tactical support missions for the Army.

172

13 October 1950. Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, a World War II veteran and the

Adjutant General of Arkansas, became Chief, Air Force Division, and

Deputy Chief, National Guard Bureau on this date.

173

November 1950. Large numbers of Communist Chinese ground forces

crossed the Yalu River into Korea and entered the war against the United

Nations' forces led by the United States.

174

1 November 1950. All ANG tactical units were reorganized under the Air

Force combat wing type organization. That action increased the authorized

strength of the Air Guard from 57,382 to 67,000 personnel. The Air Guard’s

actual assigned strength at that time was only 49,500 personnel because of

budgetary limitations.

175

1 November 1950. The New York ANG’s 138

Fighter Squadron (Jet),

which remained under state control during the Korean War, was

redesignated the 138

Fighter Bomber Squadron and converted from F-84Bs

to F-51Hs.

176

6 December 1950. Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead, the Continental Air

Command’s commander, requested that 38 ANG fighter squadrons be

mobilized to strengthen the air defenses of the U.S. during the Korean

War.

177

16 December 1950. After massive Chinese communist forces intervened in

the Korean War, President Harry Truman declared a national emergency.

Among other things, the declaration authorized the Air Force to raise its

active duty manpower from approximately 539,000 in mid December 1950 to

1,061,000 no later than 30 June 1952.

178

29 December 1950. Because of the deteriorating situation in Korea

following the Chinese intervention in that conflict and the growing fears of

another world war, the Continental Air Command requested that all 38 ANG

fighter squadrons which it had asked to be mobilized earlier that month be

called into federal service as soon as possible.

179

January 1951. The authorized strength of all ANG units except wing and

group headquarters was raised to its wartime level, approximately 80,000

personnel, from its previously authorized 67,000 personnel.

180

1 January 1951. The Air Defense Command was reestablished as a major

air command and assumed the continental U.S. air defense mission from the

Continental Air Command.

181

8 January 1951. To further strengthen the nation’s continental air

defenses during the Korean War the Air Force mobilized a number of ANG

units on this date including the: 154

Air Control & Warning Group

(AC&WG), Georgia; 116th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS),

Georgia; 117th AC&WS, Georgia; 118th AC&WS, North Carolina, and

the129th AC&WS, Georgia

182

22 January 1951. Responding to the Continental Air Command's requests

in December 1950 to strengthen the air defenses of the U.S. during the

Korean War by mobilizing 38 ANG fighter squadrons, the Air Force

announced that 15 ANG fighter squadrons would be called into federal

service on 1 February 1951 with 6 more to be mobilized on 1 March 1951.

183

1 February 1951. ANG flying squadrons mobilized on this date because of

the Korean War were the: 107th Fighter Squadron (FS) (Jet), Michigan;

113th FS, Indiana; 116th FS (Jet), Washington; 118th FS, Connecticut; 121st

FS, District of Columbia; 123rd FS, Oregon; 126th FS (Jet), Wisconsin; 132nd

FS, Maine; 133rd FS, New Hampshire; 134th FS, Vermont; 142nd FS (Jet),

Delaware; 148th Fighter Bomber Squadron, Pennsylvania; 163rd FS,

Indiana; 166th FS, Ohio; 171st FS, Michigan; 172nd FS, Michigan; 188th

FS, New Mexico; 176th FS, Wisconsin; and the 197th FS, Arizona. All of

these units except the 107th FS (Jet), Michigan, and 171

FS, Michigan,

and 197

FS, Arizona, were assigned to the Air Defense Command to

strengthen its continental US fighter interceptor force.

184

1 February 1951. After being mobilized on this date because of the Korean

War, the Arizona ANG’s 197th Fighter Squadron (FS) remained at Luke

AFB, Arizona with its F-84B/Cs to serve in the 127th Pilot Training Wing. It

later converted from F-84Bs to F-84E/Gs. The 107

FS (Jet) and the 171

FS,

both of Michigan, joined the 197

in training pilots at Luke AFB as part of

the 127

Wing.

185

1 February 1951. After being mobilized on this date because of the Korean

War, the Connecticut ANG’s 118

Fighter Squadron was moved to Suffolk

County AFB, New York where its obsolete F-47Ns provided air defense for

the New York/New England area until it was returned to state control on 1

December 1952.

186

1 February 1951. Following its mobilization on this date because of the

Korean War, the Delaware ANG’s 142

Fighter Squadron (Jet) was retained

at its home station to provide air defense for the mid-Atlantic states with its

F-84Cs.

187

1 February 1951. Two weeks after its mobilization on this date because of

the Korean War, the Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 148

Fighter Bomber

Squadron was transferred to Dover AFB, Delaware where it remained until it

was returned to state control on 1 November 1952. While stationed at Dover,

the unit successively converted from F-51Ds to F-86As and then F-94Bs

while serving in an air defense role.

188

11 February 1951. After being called to active duty on 1 February 1951

because of the Korean War, the Indiana ANG’s 113

Fighter Squadron was

redesignated the 113

Fighter Interceptor Squadron Flying P-51Ds, its

operations were split between Ft. Wayne, Indiana and Sioux City, Iowa.

189

12 February 1951. The Washington state ANG’s 116th Fighter Squadron

was redesignated the 116th Fighter Interceptor Squadron (Jet).

190

26 February 1951. The Air Guard reported that its units had recruited

approximately 8,000 new members between 1 December 1950 and 1 January

1951.

191

March 1951. The 154th Fighter Squadron, Arkansas ANG, which had been

redesignated the 154th Fighter Bomber Squadron when called to active duty

because of the Korean War and moved to Langley AFB, Virginia in October

1950, converted from F-51Ds to F-84Es.

192

March 1951. After being mobilized on 1 February 1951 during the Korean

War, the Wisconsin Air Guard’s 126

Fighter Interceptor Squadron moved to

Truax Field, Madison from its home station at General Mitchell Field,

Milwaukee. It remained there on air defense duty with its F-80As until

returned to state control on 31 October 1952.

193

1 March 1951. ANG flying squadrons mobilized on this date because of the

Korean War were the: 102nd Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), New York; 105th

Fighter Squadron (FS), Tennessee; 109th FS, Minnesota; 110th FS,

Missouri; 114th BS (Light), New York; 136th FS, New York; 141st Fighter

Bomber Squadron (FBS), New Jersey; 149th FS , Virginia; 153rd FS,

Mississippi; 170th FS, Illinois; 175th FS, South Dakota; 179th FS;

Minnesota; 192nd FBS, Nevada; and the 195th FS, California.

194

1 March 1951. After being called to active duty on this date because of the

Korean War, the South Dakota ANG’s 175

Fighter Squadron was

redesignated the 175

Fighter Interceptor Squadron and assigned to air

defense duty at Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota with its F-51Ds.

195

1 March 1951. The California ANG’s 195

Fighter Squadron, called into

federal service on this date because of the Korean War, remained at its home

station at Van Nuys until it was returned to state control. In October 1952,

its F-51Ds were supplemented by F-51Hs.

196

1 March 1951. The Oregon Air Guard’s 123

Fighter Squadron was

redesignated the 123

Fighter Interceptor Squadron. While it remained at

Portland AFB during the Korean War, most of its pilots were transferred to

other units. They were replaced by active duty Air Force pilots.

197

1 March 1951. After being mobilized on this date because of the Korean

conflict, the Tennessee ANG’s 105

Fighter Squadron remained at its home

station at Nashville for 15 months. In April 1951 it converted from F-47Ds

to F-51Ds and was redesignated the 105

Fighter Interceptor Squadron on 1

May 1952. The unit was moved to McGhee Tyson Airport on 1 June 1952 and

remained there until returned to state control .

198

1 April 1951. ANG flying squadrons mobilized on this date because of the

Korean conflict were the: 103rd Bomb Squadron (BS), (Light), Pennsylvania;

106th Tactical Reconnaissance (TRS) (Night Photo), Alabama; 108th BS

(Light), Illinois; 115th BS (Light), California; 117th BS (Light), Pennsylvania;

120th Fighter Squadron (FS), Colorado; 122nd BS (Light), Louisiana; 124th

FS, Iowa; 155th TRS, Tennessee; 168th BS (Light), Illinois; 173rd FS,

Nebraska; 174th FS, Iowa; 178th FS, North Dakota; 180th BS (Light),

Missouri; 185th TRS, Oklahoma; 186th FS, Montana; 187th Fighter Bomber

Squadron (FBS), Wyoming; 190th FS, Idaho; and the 191st FBS, Utah.

199

1 April 1951. Soon after its mobilization on this date during the Korean

conflict, the Nebraska ANG’s 173rd Fighter Squadron transitioned from F-

80Cs back to F-51s at Bangor, Maine because none of the four ANG units

flying Shooting Stars had enough of the aircraft to maintain a full fleet of

them. Nebraska's F-80s were distributed to the other three units. The

173rd's new mission with F-51s at Bangor was to serve as long range fighter

escorts for SAC bombers.

200

1 April 1951. Mobilized on this date because of the Korean War, the

Tennessee Air Guard’s 155

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron converted

from F-51Ds to RF-51Ds at its home station in Memphis. It was

subsequently reassigned to Shaw AFB, SC, arriving there on 15 January

1952.

201

13 April 1951. The Louisiana Air Guard’s 122nd Bomb Squadron (Light)

moved from New Orleans to Langley AFB, Virginia to become part of the

4400th Combat Crew Training Group. It remained there until returned to

state control on 1 January 1953.

202

19 April 1951. Members of the Air Guard’s 136th Fighter-Bomber Wing

(FBW) were alerted for shipment to the Far East because of the Korean War.

The unit consisted of the 111th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Texas,

154th FBS, Arkansas, and the 182nd FBS, Texas. Previously, the wing had

been notified that it would be sent to Western Europe to reinforce the North

Atlantic Treaty Organization.

203

20 April 1951. The New Mexico ANG’s 188

Fighter Squadron moved

from Kirtland AFB, New Mexico to Long Beach Municipal Airport, California

where it served with the Air Defense Command as the 188

Fighter

Interceptor Squadron until returned to state control . It was equipped with P-

51Ds.

204

26 April 1951. The Washington state Air Guard’s 116

Fighter Interceptor

Squadron was designated to move to England on a 90-day temporary duty

assignment, substituting for an Air Force fighter squadron that had been

scheduled to deploy there.

205

April 1951. A Fifth Air Force study revealed that approximately 80 percent

of the Air Force personnel serving in Korea were recalled Guardsmen and

reservists.

206

April 1951. The Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber

Squadron began converting from F-84C to F-86A aircraft. From April

through June 1951, its F-86As were only 38 percent combat ready on average

and in-commission only 56.6 percent of the time. The 116th "attributed the

situation to the fact that the aircraft were in poor condition when they were

transferred to the unit."

207

April 1951. Units of the Air Guard’s mobilized 116th Fighter Bomber Wing

– Georgia’s 158th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Florida’s 159th FBS, and

California’s 196th FBS -- began receiving brand new Republic F-84Es direct

from the factory.

208

May 1951. The Pennsylvania ANG’s 146

Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS),

which remained under state control during the Korean War, converted from

F-47Ns to F-51Hs. On 1 October 1952, it was redesignated the 146

Fighter

Interceptor Squadron and then on 1 December 1952 and was redesignated

the 146

FBS.

209

1 May 1951. ANG units called into federal service on this date because of

the Korean War included the: 142nd Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron

(AC&WS), Oregon; 162nd Aircraft Control and Warning Group (AC&WG)

Group, California; 147th AC&WS, California; 148th AC&WS, California;

149th AC&WS, California; 159th AC&WG, Colorado; 137th AC&WS;

Colorado; 138th AC&WS, Colorado; 139th AC&WS, Colorado; 132nd

AC&WS, Minnesota; 130

AC&WS, Utah; 160th AC&WG, Washington;

141st AC&WS, Washington; and the 143rd AC&WS, Washington.

210

14 May 1951. The ANG’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing received a warning

order to prepare for a move to Europe to help shore up NATO against a

possible attack by the Soviet Union.

211

15 May 1951. The first contingent of the ANG’s 136

Fighter Bomber Wing

personnel left the United States for Japan.

212

17 May 1951. The Delaware ANG’s 142

Fighter Squadron (Jet) was

redesignated the 142

Fighter Interceptor Squadron. It had assumed air

defense responsibilities for the mid-Atlantic region at its home station with

its F-84Cs after being mobilized on 1 February 1951.

213

18 May 1951. Personnel of the Air Guard’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing

(FBW) began arriving in Japan. They reported to the 27

Fighter Escort

Wing (FEW) at Itazuke AB for training and indoctrination. The 136

FBW

took over F-84Es from the 27

FEW when the latter completed its final

operations in July 1951.

214

24 May 1951. Flying F-84Es belonging to the 27th Fighter Escort Wing,

pilots of the Air Guard’s 136

Fighter Bomber Wing saw their first combat

action during the Korean War.

215

29 May 1951. Personnel of the Oregon ANG’s 142nd Aircraft Control and

Warning Squadron sailed for Alaska aboard the U.S.S. Beaudoin. Following

their arrival, they manned three radar sites along the Bering Sea and built

three more sites at other remote locations in that territory.

216

19 June 1951. Congress passed the “Universal Training and Military

Service Act.” Among its provisions, the legislation required each male drafted

after 21 June 1951 to serve two years of active duty and then six more in a

reserve component. The service secretaries were authorized to permit any

man who entered organized units of the Guard or other reserve components

to be released from serving in the regular armed forces.

217

21 June 1951. Headquarters United States Air Force changed the

scheduled 90-day temporary duty of the Washington state Air Guard’s 116th

Fighter Interceptor Squadron to England to a permanent change of station

move there.

218

25 June 1951. The Air Force reported that pilots in the 111

Fighter

Bomber Squadron (FBS), Texas ANG, and 154

FBS, Arkansas ANG,

averaged approximately 20 hours of F-84 flying time prior to reporting to the

Far East Air Forces.

219

26 June 1951. Pilots of the 182nd Fighter Bomber Squadron, Texas Air

Guard, flew a strike against an airfield at Yongu, North Korea from their

base at Itazuke AB, Japan.

220

26 June 1951. While escorting B-29s near "MiG Alley" over North Korea,

1st Lt. Arthur E. Olinger and Capt. Harry Underwood of the 182nd Fighter

Bomber Squadron, Texas ANG, flying F-84s, shared credit for the Air

Guard’s first jet kill, a MiG-15.

221

30 June 1951. As of this date, approximately 38,000 Air Guardsmen had

been called to extended active duty because of the Korean War. Of the 5,148

ANG officers mobilized, 52 percent were pilots.

222

30 June 1951. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau reported that,

effective this date, organizational changes, primarily adoption of the Air

Force’s Wing Base Plan, had increased the ANG’s authorized personnel

strength from 57,709 to 79,449.

223

July 1951. The last units of the Air Guard’s 136

Fighter Bomber Wing left

the United States for Japan.

224

July 1951. The 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Alabama ANG,

was redesignated the 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (Photo Jet)

and converted from RF-51Ds to RF-80As.

225

July 1951. After replacing many of its older F-86As with newer models, the

proportion of combat-ready aircraft assigned to the 116th Fighter Interceptor

Squadron, Washington state ANG, rose from 38 to 77 percent while its

aircraft in-commission rate increased from 56.6 to 75 percent.

226

July 1951. The District of Columbia Air Guard’s 121

Fighter Interceptor

Squadron converted from F-84Cs to F-94Bs at New Castle County AFB,

Delaware. It remained at that location executing its air defense mission until

it returned to state control.

227

3 July 1951. Because of growing concerns in the Far East about the build up

of communist air strength just north of the Yalu River in China, the Air

Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing received orders transferring it to Japan

instead of Europe as originally planned. The unit had already sent its 75 F-

84Es to New York for shipment to Europe and had to obtain other F-84Es

from the Air Force to replace them.

228

10 & 12 July 1951. The Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing --

consisting of the 158th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Georgia, 159th

FBS, Florida, and the 196th FBS, California -- departed San Diego,

California for Japan with their F-84Es aboard the aircraft carriers USS

Windham Bay and USS Stikoh Bay.

229

24 & 27 July 1951. The Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing arrived in

Japan at Yokosuka Naval Base. The wing was stationed at Misawa AB,

Japan. Despite extensive efforts to protect them with heavy coatings of

cosmoline, nearly half of the unit's 75 F-84Es suffered either structural

damage or sea-spray corrosion during the ocean crossing. Two of the wing's

fighter squadrons were stationed at Misawa AB while the third was sent to

Chitose.

230

August 1951. The Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Interceptor

Squadron arrived at its new base at Royal Air Force (RAF) Shepherds Grove

in Suffolk, England with its F-86As. Its mission was to reinforce the air

defense of the United Kingdom under the operational control of the RAF.

231

August 1951. The Maryland Air Guard’s 104

Fighter Squadron, which

was not mobilized during the Korean War, was redesignated the 104

Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted from F-47Ds to F-51Hs.

232

August 1951. The Air Guard’s 169

Fighter Squadron, which remained in

state status during the Korean War, converted from F-51Ds to F-51Hs at its

home station, Peoria, Illinois. On 1 July 1952, it was redesignated the 169

Fighter Interceptor Squadron. Its mission changed again when it was

redesignated the 169th Fighter Bomber Squadron on 1 December 1952.

233

1 August 1951. ANG units called into active military service on this date

included the: 105th Aircraft Control and Warning squadron (AC&WS), New

Jersey; 152nd Aircraft Control and Warning Group, New York; 106th

AC&WS, New York; 107th AC&WS, Arizona; and the 108th AC&WS, New

York.

234

9 August 1951. Secretary of the Air Force Thomas K. Finletter approved a

“Long Range Plan for Reserve Forces.” Its goal was to provide a dependable

and immediately available supply of trained individuals and units for

mobilization For the first time, missions and personnel strengths of the air

reserve components were tied to the Air Force’s master war plan. The Air

Force promised, as far as possible, to maintain the integrity of Air Reserve

Components’ (ARC) units in future mobilizations. It also committed itself to

providing ARC units with a full supply of first line equipment.

235

13-27 August 1951. All 25 F-86As of the 116th Fighter Interceptor

Squadron moved from Geiger Field, Washington to England. The Air

Guardsmen flew the aircraft in stages with the majority of delays due to bad

weather.

236

1 September 1951. ANG units mobilized this date because of the Korean

War included the: 102nd Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS),

Rhode Island; 103rd AC&WS, Connecticut; 156th Aircraft Control and

Warning Group, Illinois; 126th AC&WS, Illinois; 104th AC&WS, Maine;

101st Aircraft Control Squadron, Massachusetts; 151st Tactical Control

Group, Massachusetts; 127th AC&WS, Michigan; and the128

AC&WS,

Wisconsin.

237

5 September 1951. While flying his 57th combat mission as a member of a

regular Air Force unit, 1

Lt. Oliver Tandy’s F-51 was shot down. The

Oregon Air Guardsman was captured by Chinese communist troops. Tandy

spent the next two years as a prisoner of war.

238

18 September 1951. The Air Guard’s 123

Fighter Bomber Wing received

notice to prepare for movement from Goodman Field, Kentucky to Europe to

fly the F-84s which its pilots had begun to transition to during the summer of

1950.

239

September 1951. The California Air Guard’s 115th Bomb Squadron

(Light) converted from B-26B/Cs to jet-powered North American B-45A

Tornados while based at Langley AFB, Virginia. B-45As were the Air Force's

first multi-jet bombers and its first light bombers that were equipped to

deliver nuclear weapons.

240

September 1951. The Delaware Air Guard’s 142

Fighter Interceptor

Squadron, which remained at its home base to provide air defense for the

mid-Atlantic region after it was mobilized because of the Korean War,

converted from F-84Cs to F-94Bs.

241

1 October 1951. ANG units mobilized this date because of the Korean War

included the: 120th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS),

Arkansas; 158th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, Texas; 134th AC&WS,

Texas, the 135

AC&WS, Louisiana, and 136th AC&WS, Texas.

242

12 October 1951. The Air Force ordered an advanced detachment of the

Air Guard’s 123

Fighter Bomber Wing to move from Goodman Field,

Kentucky by air to England.

243

22-24 October 1951. Maj, Gen. Earl T. Ricks, Chief of the Air Force

Division, NGB, reported to the annual conference of the National Guard

Association of the United States that pilot procurement was a major

continuing problem for the ANG. The Air Force was expanding and he

expected many Guard aviators on active to stay in the Air Force once their

terms of mobilized service were over. In addition, many returning ANG pilots

would be over-age-in-grade. Ricks reported that the ANG only had 12

personnel currently engaged in Air Force undergraduate pilot training.

244

30 October 1951. The first group of B-26s from the ANG's 126th Bomb Wing

(BW) (Light) departed Langley AFB, Virginia for their new base at Bordeaux-

Merignac, France. Assigned to help strengthen NATO, the wing was

composed of the Illinois'108th Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light) and 168th BS

(Light), and Missouri's 180th BS (Light).

245

October 1951. The Air Guard’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing moved from

Japan to K-2 airfield at Teague, Korea.

246

October 1951. Based at RAF Shepards Grove in the United Kingdom, the

Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Interceptor Squadron

participated in "Exercise Pinnacle," preparing to help defend the United

Kingdom against enemy air attacks.

247

1 November 1951. ANG units called into federal service this date because

of the Korean War included the: 110

Aircraft Control and Warning

Squadron (AC&WS), South Carolina; 114th AC&WS, Florida; 155th AC&WG,

Ohio; 121st AC&WS, Ohio; 122d AC&WS, Indiana; 123rd AC&WS, Ohio;

124th AC&WS, Oklahoma; 125th AC&WS, Missouri; 126th AC&WS,

Missouri; 131st AC&WS, Missouri; 133d AC&WS, Iowa; 155

Aircraft

Control and warning Group (AC&WG), Ohio; and the 157th AC&WG,

Missouri.

248

5 November 1951. Col. Albert Prendergast, commander of the Air Guard’s

136th Fighter Bomber Wing, was shot down and killed during a combat

mission over Korea.

249

10 November 1951. An advance party of the Air Guard’s 123

Fighter

Bomber Wing arrived at Manston RAF Station in the United Kingdom from

the U.S.

250

15 November 1951. The main body of the Air Guard’s 123

Fighter

Bomber Wing left Goodman Field, Kentucky for shipment overseas from the

New York Port of Embarkation aboard the U.S.S. Hershey.

251

16 November 1951. The Air Force transferred four ANG fighter wings --

the 131

, 146

, the 132

, and the 108

-- from the Strategic Air Command to

the Tactical Air Command (TAC). The official reason for the switch was to

help fulfill TAC’s requirements to support Army ground training. The

transferred units were equipped with conventionally-powered fighters.

252

28 November 1951. Elements of the Florida ANG’s 159th Fighter Bomber

Squadron, including 13 F-84s, arrived at Teague AB, Korea from Japan for a

short combat tour and began flying combat missions that same day. They

bombed rail lines near Wonsan, North Korea as part of the campaign to

interdict the flow of communist supplies to the battle front.

253

November 1951. The Continental Air Command reported that the Air

Guard had been authorized to form cadre units to begin preparing for the

return of mobilized ANG units to state service. The command had begun

preparing plans for that development in July 1951. Each cadre unit would be

established six months prior to the return of an Air Guard unit to its home

station.

254

November 1951. The Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter Bomber Wing --

consisting of the 165th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Kentucky, 156th

FBS, North Carolina, and the 167th FBS, West Virginia -- took over F-84Es

at its base at RAF Manston in the United Kingdom from an Air Force unit.

The 167th FBS reported that less than 10 percent of its ANG personnel

remained with the unit when it moved to England. The bulk of its original

personnel had been either sent to Korea or transferred to Air Force units in

the continental U.S..

255

November 1951. The 101

Fighter Interceptor Squadron of Massachusetts,

which remained under state control during the Korean War, converted from

F-84Bs to F-51Hs.

256

November 1951. The 131st Fighter Squadron of the Massachusetts Air

Guard , which remained in state service during the Korean War, converted

from F-47Ds to F-51Hs and was redesignated the 131

Fighter Interceptor

Squadron.

257

1 December 1951. ANG units mobilized this date because of the Korean

War included the: 111th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS),

Pennsylvania; 112th AC&WS, Pennsylvania; 113th AC&WS, District of

Columbia; 119th AC&WS, Tennessee; 144th AC&WS, 145th AC&WS,

California; 146th AC&WS, California; 153rd Aircraft Control and Warning

Group (AC&WG), Pennsylvania; and 161

AC&WG, California.

258

2 December 1951. The 159th Fighter Bomber Squadron dispatched 16 F-

84Es, pilots, and support personnel from Japan to Teague AB, Korea where

they flew their first combat mission that same morning.

259

7 December 1951. After moving to Europe by sea, the main body of

personnel and equipment of the 126th Bombardment Wing (Light) arrived at

its base near Merignac, France.

260

7 December 1951. The main body of the 123

Fighter Bomber Wing

arrived at Manston RAF Station, England after movement by sea from the

U.S. The unit would operate F-84Es obtained from the Strategic Air

Command by its advance detachment.

261

December 1951. The 140

Fighter Wing of the Colorado Air Guard,

mobilized for the Korean War, was transferred to Clovis AFB, New Mexico.

Its leader, Brig Gen Joe C. Moffitt, became the only ANG general officer

known to have commanded an Air Force tactical unit and base during that

conflict.

262

December 1951. North Carolina's 118th Aircraft Control and Warning

Squadron (AC&WS) was transferred from Stewart AFB, Tennessee to

French Morocco to help protect SAC's bomber base at Nouasseur. It also

maintained detachments in the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert.

Georgia's 116th AC&WS, 117th AC&WS, and 129th AC&WS served in

French Morocco during the Korean War as did that state’s 154th Tactical

Control Group.

263

December 1951. The Utah ANG’s 191

Fighter Bomber Squadron moved to

Clovis AFB, New Mexico from its home station with its F-51Ds. It remained

at Clovis AFB until it returned to state control.

264

December 1951. The Wyoming ANG’s 187

Fighter Bomber Squadron,

equipped with F-51Ds, moved from Cheyenne to Clovis AFB, New Mexico. It

remained there until it was returned to state control.

265

January 1952. The Alabama ANG’s 160th Tactical Reconnaissance

Squadron deployed to Europe and was temporarily stationed at

Furstenfeldbruck AB and Neubiberg AB in Germany pending completion of

facilities at Toul-Roiseres AB, France.

266

February 1952. The 116th Fighter Bomber Wing, based in Japan, was

selected to be the first Air Guard unit to participate in aerial refueling under

combat conditions.

267

February 1952. The Air Force picked nine pilots from the Idaho Air

Guard’s 190th Fighter Squadron (FS) for combat duty in Korea. Eventually,

15 pilots from the 190th FS went to Korea although the unit remained in the

continental US throughout its entire period of active federal service during

the conflict.

268

February 1952. The New Jersey ANG’s 119

Fighter Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, converted from F-47Ds

to F-51Hs.

269

March 1952. The Air Force established the mobilization assignment of all

ANG fighter units in the continental U.S. as air defense.

270

April 1952. Selected air crews from the Air Guard's 126th Bomb Wing

(Light) and other Air Force units in Europe units began deploying to Korea

for 60-day combat tours to improve their operational training.

271

April 1952. Approximately 400 members of the Colorado ANG’s 120th

Fighter Squadron participated as human guinea pigs in an atomic bomb test,

"Tumbler Snapper Shot III," at Yucca Flats, Nevada while on temporary duty

from Clovis AFB, New Mexico.

272

April 1952. After being mobilized at its home station at Truax Field,

Madison because of the Korean War, the Wisconsin Air Guard’s 176

Fighter

Interceptor Squadron was partially equipped with F-89As but retained its F-

51Ds. It remained at Truax Field until it was returned to state control.

273

1 May 1952. Many of the personnel of the Connecticut ANG’s 103rd

Aircraft Control and warning Squadron (AC&WS) were transferred to the

newly-organized 932nd AC&WS. After intensive training on Cape Cod,

Massachusetts, the new unit moved to Iceland that fall where it established

the first radar installation on the island of Keflavik.

274

3 May 1952. Flying an F-86 in a regular Air Force squadron, Capt. Robert

J. Love, a California Air Guardsman, shot down his fifth MiG 15. With that

victory, he became the first of four ANG aces during the Korean War. Love

ended the conflict with six confirmed MiG kills.

275

13 May 1952. Flying F-84Gs, aircraft equipped for in-flight-refueling and

capable of delivering tactical nuclear weapons, the Kansas ANG’s 127th

Fighter Bomber Squadron deployed to Chaumont, France as part of the 137th

Fighter Bomber Wing (FBW). After training Air Force pilots on the aircraft,

the unit returned home two months later and its personnel were

demobilized. The unit’s F-84Gs remained in France and were absorbed into

the 48th FBW.

276

20 May 1952. Maj. Gen. George G. Finch of Georgia, Continental Air

Command's Deputy for Air National Guard Matters, proposed that small

numbers of ANG pilots at strategic locations be placed on short tours of active

duty to augment the Air Defense Command's runway alert program.

277

28-29 May 1952. The Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing participated

in "Operation High Tide," the first air refueling under combat conditions.

After launching missions from Japan and attacking targets near Sariwon,

North Korea, its F-84 fighter-bombers were refueled by KB-29 tankers on

their return flights to Misawa Air Base.

278

May 1952. The Air Guard’s 126th Bomb Wing (Light) of Illinois was

transferred from Merignac AB, France to Laon AB, France.

279

9 July 1952. Congress passed the “Armed Forces Reserve Act of 1952,” also

known as the “Magna Charta” of the reserve components. Designed to

rejuvenate the reserve components, it divided them into three categories:

ready, standby, and retired. The ready reserve was authorized a strength of

1.5 million. All ANG units were placed in the highest priority category, the

ready reserve - a position that they had held in fact, if not law, since 1946.

The legislation also allowed individual Guardsmen and Reservists to

volunteer for active duty for routine peacetime operations and contingencies

thereby avoiding the political and diplomatic risks of mobilizations.

280

10 July 1952. On this date, the following ANG flying squadrons were

demobilized: 111th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Texas; 112th Bomb

Squadron (Light), Ohio; 125th Fighter Squadron (FS), Oklahoma; 127th FS,

Kansas; 128th FBS, Georgia; 154th FBS, Arkansas; 156th FS, North

Carolina; 157th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, South Carolina; 158th

FBS, Georgia; 159th FBS, Florida; 160th TRS, Alabama; 165th FS,

Kentucky; 167th FS, West Virginia ; 182nd FBS, Texas; and the 196th FBS,

California.

281

July 1952. The Texas ANG’s 181

Fighter Interceptor Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, relocated from Hensley

Field, Naval Air Station Dallas to Love Field, Dallas. It operated F-51H

aircraft.

282

8 August 1952. Capt. Clifford D. Jolley, a Utah Air Guardsman, scored his

fifth victory over a MiG 15. Flying an F-86 in a regular Air Force unit, he

became the second of four ANG aces during the Korean War. Jolley ended

the conflict with 7 confirmed kills.

283

19 August 1952. The Georgia Air Guard’s 129

Aircraft Control and

Warning Squadron was released from active duty and returned to state

control.

284

15 August 1952. The Puerto Rico Air Guard’s 198

Fighter Squadron,

which remained in state service during the Korean War, was redesignated

the 198

Fighter Bomber Squadron and continued to fly F-47Ns.

285

August 1952. A contingent of mobilized Idaho Air Guardsmen from the

190

Fighter Bomber Squadron left George AFB, California on a classified

mission to ferry 37 F-51s to Iceland for use by another Air Force unit. The

operation was classified because the Icelandic public strongly opposed foreign

military forces being stationed on their nation’s territory.

286

1 September 1952. The New Jersey ANG’s 199

Fighter Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the

119

Fighter Bomber Squadron. It continued to operate F-51Hs at home

station.

287

1 September 1952. The New York ANG’s 137

Fighter Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the

137

Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted from F-47Ds to F-

51Hs.

288

1 September 1952. The Rhode Island Air Guard’s 152

Fighter Squadron,

which remained under state control during the Korean War, was

redesignated the 152

Fighter Interceptor Squadron and continued to fly F-

51D/Hs.

289

11 September 1952. The 107th Fighter Squadron (FS), Michigan ANG;

132nd FS, Maine ANG; 133rd FS, New Hampshire ANG; and the 188th FS,

New Mexico ANG were released from active duty.

290

15 September 1952. Capt. Robinson Risner, an Oklahoma Air Guardsman

flying an F-86 in a regular Air Force unit, shot down his fifth MiG 15

becoming the third ANG ace of the war. Maj. Risner ended the conflict with

eight confirmed kills. He remained in the active duty Air Force after the

conflict and became one of the senior American POW leaders in the “Hanoi

Hilton” during the Vietnam War.

291

15 September 1952. The 8144

Air Base Squadron was constituted at

Elmendorf AFB as the first unit of the Territory of Alaska’s Air Guard. It

initially consisted of 16 members and shortly afterward received its first

aircraft, a T-6G Texan trainer.

292

October 1952. The Ohio Air Guard’s 162

Fighter Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the

162

Fighter Bomber Squadron. It continued to operate its F-51H aircraft.

293

1 October 1952. The California ANG’s 194

Fighter Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the

194

Fighter Interceptor Squadron. It retained its F-51D/Hs.

294

1 October 1952. The Pennsylvania ANG’s 147

Fighter Squadron, which

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the

147

Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted from F-47Ns to F-51Hs.

295

8 October 1952. The 116

Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron

(AC&WS), Georgia ANG ; 117

AC&WS, Georgia ANG ; 118

AC&WS,

North Carolina ANG; and 154

Aircraft Control and Warning Group,

Georgia ANG, were released from active duty.

296

15 October 1952: Air Guard flying squadrons released from active duty this

date were the: 109

Fighter Squadron (FS), Minnesota; 136th FS, New York;

192nd FS, Nevada.

297

16 October 1952. The Air Guard’s 111

Strategic Reconnaissance Wing --

consisting of Pennsylvania’s 103

Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron (SRS)

as well as two new Air Guard-manned units, 129

SRS and 130

SRS --

converted from RB-29s to RB-36s at Fairchild AFB, Washington.

298

1 November 1952. ANG flying squadrons relived from active duty on this

date were the: 113th Fighter Squadron (FS), Indiana; 115th BS (Light),

California; 116th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Washington; 121st FS,

District of Columbia; 134th FS, Vermont; 142nd FS, Delaware; 148th FBS,

Pennsylvania; 163rd FS; Indiana; 166th FS, Ohio; 171st FS, Michigan; 172nd

FS, Michigan; 175th FS, South Dakota; 176th FS, Wisconsin; and the 197th

FS, Arizona.

299

5 November 1952. The Ohio ANG’s 164

Fighter Squadron, which

remained in state service during the Korean War, was redesignated the 164

Fighter Bomber Squadron. It continued to operate its F-51H aircraft.

300

15 November 1952. The ANG flying squadrons were demobilized on this

date were the: 103rd Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), Pennsylvania; 106th

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (TRS), Alabama; 108th BS (Light),

Illinois; 120th Fighter Squadron (FS), Colorado; 124th FS, Iowa; 155th TRS,

Tennessee; 173rd FS, Nebraska; 174th FS, Iowa; 178th FS, North Dakota;

185th TRS, Oklahoma; 186th FS, Montana; 187th Fighter Bomber Squadron,

Wyoming.

301

15 November 1952. The 146th Fighter Bomber wing which consisted of

three ANG fighter squadrons equipped with F-51s -- the 190

Fighter

Bomber Squadron ( FBS), Idaho; 186th FBS, Montana; and 178th FBS, North

Dakota -- was transferred from SAC to TAC. The wing remained at George

AFB, California.

302

19 November 1952. The Hawaii' ANG’s 199th Fighter Bomber Squadron,

which remained under state control during the Korean War, was

redesignated a fighter interceptor squadron. It continued flying F-47Ns from

Hickam AFB.

303

1 December 1952. ANG flying squadrons relieved from active duty on this

date were the: 102nd Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), New York; 105th Fighter

Squadron (FS), Tennessee; 110th FS, Missouri; 123rd FS, Oregon; 141st

Fighter Bomber Squadron, New Jersey; 149th FS, Virginia; 153rd FS,

Mississippi; 170th FS, Illinois; and the 179th FS, Minnesota.

304

1 December 1952. The 118th Fighter Squadron (FS), Connecticut ANG, and

the 126th FS, Wisconsin ANG, were demobilized.

1 December 1952. The 169th Fighter Interceptor Squadron of the Illinois

Air Guard was redesignated a fighter bomber squadron. Remaining in state

service during the Korean War, it operated F-51Hs from its home station at

Peoria.

305

4 December 1952. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force authorized the Air

Defense Command to place 10 ANG pilots on active duty at Hancock Field,

New York and Hayward, California to test the Air Guard’s runway alert

concept at those locations.

306

11 December 1952. The 195th Fighter Squadron, California ANG, was

released from active duty.

15 December 1952. The 137th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron,

Colorado ANG, the 159

Aircraft Control and Warning Group (AC&WG),

Colorado ANG, and the 162d AC&WG, California ANG, were returned to

state control.

307

1 January 1953. ANG flying squadrons demobilized on this date were the:

117th Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), Pennsylvania; 122nd BS (Light),

Louisiana; 168th BS (Light), Illinois; 180th BS (Light), Missouri; and the

190th Fighter Squadron, Idaho.

308

1 February 1953. Air National Guard units released from active duty and

returned to state control included: 130th Aircraft Control and Warning

squadron (ACW&S), Utah; 132d AC&WS, Minnesota; 138th AC&WS,

Colorado; 139th AC&WS, Colorado; 142d AC&WS, Oregon; 143d AC&WS,

Washington; 147th AC&WS, California; 148th AC&WS, California; 149th

AC&WS, California; and the 160th Aircraft Control and Warning Group,

Washington.

309

1 March 1953. The 138th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Syracuse, New

York and the 194th Fighter Bomber Squadron at Hayward, California began

an experimental augmentation of ADC's runway alert program by Air Guard

fighter units. Each unit maintained two F-51Ds and five pilots on alert from

one hour before sunrise to one hour after sunset throughout the week. Based

upon the experiment's success, continuous Air Guard participation in the

runway alert program was adopted in 1954. It marked the beginning of the

Air Force's total force approach to reserve component utilization and

training.

310

27 March 1953. Maj. James P. Hagerstrom, a Texas Air Guardsman flying

an F-86 in a regular Air Force unit, shot down a MiG 15 raising his total kills

to 5.5 during that war. Hagerstrom was the fourth Air Guardsman to become

an ace in Korea. He ended the conflict with 8.5 confirmed kills. During World

War II, Hagerstrom had downed 8 enemy aircraft in the Southwest Pacific

while a member of the Army Air Forces. He remained in the active duty Air

Force after the Korean War.

311

June 1953. Lockheed’s F-94A/B Starfires first entered state service with the

New York Air Guard’s 137

Fighter Interceptor Squadron replacing the

unit’s F-51Hs. During their federal call-up for the Korean War, three ANG

squadrons had been equipped with F-94A/Bs but lost those jet fighters when

they left federal active duty.

312

1 July 1953. Col. Winston P. Wilson, an Arkansas Air Guardsman, was

appointed Acting Chief, Air Force Division of the NGB because of the ill

health of Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks.

313

27 July 1953. Representatives of China, North Korea, and the United

States signed an armistice ending Korean War hostilities.

314

1 August 1953. Air National Guard units demobilized and returned to state

control included the: 105th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron

(AC&WS), New Jersey; 106th AC&WS, New York; 108th AC&WS, New York;

and the 152d Aircraft Control and Warning Group, New York.

315

1 September 1953. Air National Guard units demobilized and returned to

state control included the: 101

Aircraft Control Squadron, Massachusetts;

102d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), Rhode Island; 103d

AC&WS, Connecticut; 104

AC&WS, Maine; 126

AC&WS, Illinois; 127

AC&WS, Michigan; 128

AC&WS, Wisconsin; 151

Aircraft Control and

Warning Group (AC&WG), Massachusetts; and the 156

AC&WG, Illinois.

316

1 October 1953. The 120

Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron

(AC&WS), Arkansas; 134th AC&WS, Texas; 135

AC&WS, Louisiana; 136

AC&WS, Texas; and the 158

Aircraft Control and warning Group, Texas

were demobilized.

317

1 November 1953. ANG units demobilized on this date were the: 110

Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), South Carolina; 114

AC&WS, Florida; 122d AC&WS, Indiana; 123d AC&WS, Ohio; 124

AC&WS,

Oklahoma; 125

AC&WS, Missouri; 131

AC&WS, Missouri; 133 AC&WS,

Iowa; 155

Aircraft Control and warning Group (AC&WG), Ohio; and 157

AC&WG, Missouri.

318

November 1953. Montana’s 186

Fighter Interceptor Squadron became the

first Air Guard unit in state service to convert to North American’s F-86

Sabre. Eventually 31 ANG squadrons were equipped with the aircraft before

it was phased out of Guard service in 1960.

319

November 1953. The number of ANG fighter squadrons under the Air

Defense Command’s cognizance was increased from 52 to 70. Every fighter

squadron then allotted to the Air Guard was included.

320

1 December 1953. The last ANG units demobilized after their Korean War

service were the: 111

Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS),

Pennsylvania; 112

AC&WS, Pennsylvania, 113

AC&WS, District of

Columbia; 119

AC&WS, Tennessee; 144

AC&WS, California; 145

AC&WS, California; 146

AC&WS, California; 153d Aircraft Control and

Warning Group (AC&WG), Pennsylvania; and the 161

AC&WG,

California.

321

4 January 1954. Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, an Arkansas Air Guardsman

assigned as the Chief of the Air Force Division and the Deputy Chief of the

National Guard Bureau, died in the service of his country.

322

26 January 1954. Brig. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, an Arkansas Air

Guardsman, was appointed Assistant Chief, National Guard Bureau, Air,

following the death of Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks. Wilson had been serving as

the acting head of the Air Guard because of Ricks’ illness.

323

January 1954. Pennsylvania’s 146

Fighter Bomber Squadron became

the first Air Guard unit to begin converting to the Republic F-84F

Thunderstreak. The aircraft eventually equipped 24 ANG squadrons and

performed the interceptor, nuclear weapons delivery, and tactical fighter

roles until the last ones were phased out of Guard service in the first quarter

of 1972.

324

2 February 1954. To launch a nationwide Air Guard recruiting drive, Col.

Willard W. Millikan, commander of the District of Columbia’s 113

Fighter

Bomber Wing, set a Los Angeles to New York City speed record of four hours,

eight minutes and five seconds in an F-86 borrowed from the Air Force.

325

15 March 1954. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force rejected a campaign begun

earlier that year by the Air Guard to transfer the training and inspection

function for ANG units from the Continental Air Command to organizations

such as the Air Defense Command that would actually use those outfits in

wartime. That proposal, which became known as the “gaining command”

concept of reserve forces management, was finally adopted by the Air Force

in February 1960. Its basic premise was that those major air commands

which would fight Guard and Reserve units during wartime would train and

inspect them in peacetime.

326

15 August 1954. Based on the success of the Air Guard’s air defense runway

alert experiment in 1953, the program was implemented on a permanent

basis by the Air Force. The first 8 ANG fighter squadrons began standing

alert from dawn to dusk on this date.

327

1 October 1954. On this date, nine additional ANG fighter squadrons

joined the original eight Air Guard fighter units that had begun standing air

defense runway alert on a permanent basis on 15 August 1954. Each of the

squadrons provided two aircraft on five-minute alert from dawn to dusk.

328

October 1954. The National Guard Association of the United States formally

requested that strategic airlift units be organized in the ANG. Although that

request was rejected by the Air Force, it marked the beginning of a long term

effort by Guard interests to diversify its force structure because municipal

airports hosting ANG units either could not or would not allow conversion to

jet fighters as well as concerns that changing technology, doctrine, national

security requirements, and the costs of modernizing its aging fighter and

lighter bomber force would place the ANG’s flying unit force structure at risk.

At that time most ANG units flew fighters. A handful operated B-26s.

329

October 1954. Equipped with F-80s, a team from the Colorado Air Guard’s

140

Fighter Group won the ANG Gunnery Meet at Boise, Idaho.

330

15 January 1955. 1

Lt. Thomas E. Williams, a Tuskegee Airman and a

member of the 141

Fighter Bomber Squadron, New Jersey Air National

Guard, was killed during a routine training mission when his F-86A crashed

after entering an unrecoverable spin. Having joined his unit on 7 May 1954,

he was the first known African American pilot in the ANG.

331

January 1955. Brig. Gen. Joseph J. Foss, a recent South Dakota ANG Chief

of Staff, was inaugurated as governor of that state following his victory in the

November 1954 election. Foss had been a Marine Corps fighter pilot in the

Pacific during World War II where he had become an ace and a Medal of

Honor recipient.

332

1 February 1955. Maj. Gen. George G. Finch, a Georgia Air National

Guardsmen, assumed command of 14th Air Force. He was the first Air

Guardsman to head an active duty Air Force organization above the wing

level.

333

3 April 1955. The 129

Air Resupply Squadron (ARS) was extended federal

recognition in California and equipped with Curtiss C-46D Commando aircraft.

It was one of four new ANG units tasked with secret special operations

missions formed that year at the request of the Air Force and the Central

Intelligence Agency The others were the: 130

ARS, West Virginia; 135

ARS,

Maryland; and the 143

ARS, Rhode Island. The creation of those units

marked the debut of the special operations mission in the Air Guard.

334

30 June 1955. The Air National Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year

1955) reached 61,306 including 3,142 pilots.

335

June 1955. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Air and Army

National Guard aircraft had been utilized to speed supplies of the new Salk

polio vaccine, syringes, needles, and other inoculation necessities to several

distribution points across the nation.

336

9 August 1955. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Reserve Forces

Act of 1955, Public Law 305, 84

Congress, into law. Among other provisions,

the law required that all non-prior service enlisted recruits in the Air

National Guard must undergo basic training by the Air Force beginning in

Fiscal Year 1957.

337

August 1955. Connecticut Air Guardsmen assisted state and local

authorities plus federal military forces to deal with flood waters that

inundated large areas of their home state as well as portions of New Jersey,

Rhode Island, New York, and Pennsylvania.

338

25 September 1955. The Air Defense Command conducted a nationwide

recall test nicknamed “Operation Stop Watch.” About 50 percent of the 73 Air

Guard’s fighter squadrons which participated were combat ready within two

hours of notification according to ADC.

339

1 February 1956. The 150

Air Transport Squadron (Medium), New Jersey

ANG, was extended federal recognition effective this date. The first pure airlift

unit in the Air Guard, the squadron was equipped with Curtiss C-46D

Commandos.

340

1 April 1956. The National Guard Bureau published ANGR 50-07 which

regulated the criteria and policies to be followed by Air Guard flying personnel

for conducting the recently approved 36 additional flight training periods,

beyond their annual training and monthly drill requirements.

341

30 June 1956. The Air National Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year

1956) reached 63,534 including 3,451 pilots.

342

1 July 1956. Members of the Hawaii Air Guard’s 169

Aircraft Control and

Warning Squadron and its 109

Aircraft Control and Warning Flight began

manning a radar site around-the-clock, seven days a week to maintain constant

surveillance of the air approaches to those Pacific islands.

343

1 August 1956. Capt. Norma Parsons Erb became the first female member of

the National Guard in its history. She joined the New York Air Guard’s after

President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed legislation authorizing female nurses

to join the Guard.

344

October 1956. Secretary of the Air Force, Donald A. Quarles, designated

Colorado’s “Minute Men” as the Air National Guard’s official aerial

demonstration team. Supported by that federal recognition and the

accompanying money, the team began performing nationally and

internationally with its F-86s. The team had originally been formed in 1947

and had performed at various events around Colorado.

345

14 November 1956. The Air Defense Command opposed equipping ANG

units with complicated missile-firing fighters which it believed were probably

beyond the capability of the latter to maintain and operate effectively. In a

complete reversal of its earlier recommendations, the command urged that no

more than 30 percent of Air Guard fighter squadrons be equipped with all-

weather interceptors and another 30 percent be given day fighters while the

remaining flying units were converted to rescue and transport missions.

346

1 February 1957. The 150

Air Transport Squadron (Medium), New Jersey

ANG, was redesignated the 150

Aeromedical Transport Squadron (Light)

effective this date marking the Air Guard’s debut in that mission.

347

27 February 1957. The last operational F-51, a D model (Serial Number 44-

74936), which was assigned to the 167

Fighter Interceptor Squadron, West

Virginia ANG at Martinsburg, left the active Air Force aircraft inventory and

was transferred to the Air Force Museum.

348

May 1957. During the “Operation Plumbbob” atomic tests in Nevada, ANG

pilots from 12 fighter interceptor squadrons began flying through mushroom

clouds to gather radioactive samples. The Air Guard squadrons were:

Nebraska’s 173

, New Hampshire’s 133

, Illinois’ 170

, New York’s 149

and

136

, Ohio’s 162

, Texas’ 181

, Montana’s 186

, Oregon’s 123

, Idaho’s 190

California’s 194

, and Oklahoma’s 125

. The purpose of that training was to

prepare the Air National Guard for the mission of tracking radioactive clouds

and reporting danger areas in the event of a nuclear war.

349

30 June 1957. The ANG’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1957) reached

67,950 including 3,681 pilots.

350

1 July 1957. Air National Guard technicians at two units – Salt Lake City,

Utah’s 130

Aircraft Control and Warning Flight and Denver, Colorado’s 138

Aircraft Control and Warning Flight – began operating and maintaining radar

sites around-the-clock, seven days a week at each location. The ANG sites were

integrated into the Air Defense Command’s radar network.

351

October 1957. The National Guard Association of the United States formally

requested that the Air Force purchase surplus piston-engine aircraft for the Air

National Guard and the Air Force Reserve so that they could participate in the

strategic airlift mission. The Air Force rejected that request.

352

October 1957. Because the Air Force could not provide adequate training

facilities to meet all of the ANG's needs, the latter opened the "Air National

Guard Jet Instrument School" at Ellington AFB, Texas. The school was staffed

by Air Guardsmen.

353

15 November 1957. The Mississippi ANG’s 183

Tactical Reconnaissance

Squadron (Night Photographic) was redesignated the 183

Aeromedical

Transport Squadron and began converting from RB-26s to C-119Fs. The latter

aircraft was subsequently modified to the MC-119J configuration to better suit

them for the aeromedical evacuation role.

354

April 1958. New Mexico’s 188

Fighter Interceptor Squadron became the first

Air Guard unit to convert to North American’s F-100 Super Sabre. Eventually

26 ANG squadrons operated and maintained that aircraft which was the

world’s first operational fighter capable of supersonic performance during level

flight.

355

30 June 1958. The Air Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1958)

reached 69,995 including 3,777 pilots.

356

July 1958. Air Guard fighter units began using Camp Atterbury, Indiana as

an air-to-ground gunnery and bombing range.

357

20-30 October 1958. Flying North American F-86D all-weather interceptors, a

team from the Florida Air National Guard’s 125

Fighter Interceptor Squadron

won top honors at the Air Force’s “William Tell” worldwide air-to-air gunnery

meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida. Col. Robert Dawson of the 125

fired a perfect

score of 39,600 points making him the highest scoring pilot in the

competition.

358

March 1959. Flying their Northrop F-89H Scorpions from Tyndall AFB,

Florida, pilots of the 109

Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Minnesota ANG,

became the first Air Guardsmen to live fire FALCON, radar-guided air-to-air

missiles.

359

March 1959. Members of the New York Air Guard’s 213

Ground Electronics

Engineering and Installation Agency Squadron spent their 15-day annual

training period installing communications facilities at the Air Force’s Cape

Canaveral missile test center and nearby Patrick AFB, Florida. It was the first

time an ANG unit had been employed in the huge expansion project underway

at Canaveral. The unit ‘s deployment to Florida combined useful work and

realistic “live scheme” training.

360

30 June 1959. The Air Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1959)

reached 70,994 including 3,678 pilots.

361

30 June 1959. Colorado’s “Minute Men,” the Air National Guard’s official

aerial demonstration team, was disbanded. Its federal funding had been

eliminated.

362

30 June 1959. During the fiscal year ending this date, the Air Guard’s air

defense runway alert program was expanded to 22 fighter squadrons. Under

that program, seven of them performed alert duties around-the-clock while the

remaining 15 units exercised those responsibilities 14 hours per day mostly

between dawn and dusk.

363

July 1959. Ending as it had begun, unofficially, the Colorado Air Guard’s

“Minute Men” aerial demonstration team performed for the last time – at

Junction City, Colorado.

364

July 1959. The last F-94Cs were phased out of Air National Guard service by

Minnesota’s 179

Fighter Interceptor Squadron.

365

October 1959. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Indiana

Air Guard’s 122

Tactical Fighter Wing had volunteered to take over from

active duty Air Force units the responsibility for conducting firepower

demonstrations for officer students at Army service schools. The 122

had

agreed to conduct as many as 10 of those aerial firepower demonstrations each

year.

366

October 1959. Pilots from Indiana’s 122

Tactical Fighter Wing, flying their

Republic F-84F Thunderstreaks, conducted an aerial firepower demonstration

for officer students at the U.S. Army’s Artillery and Missile School. It was the

first example of an ANG unit deploying to take on this new mission for the Air

Force

367

11 December 1959. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force officially approved

transferring four-engine C-97 transports to the ANG that had been declared

surplus to the needs of the active force. Brig. Gen. Winston P. Wilson,

Assistant Chief, National Guard Bureau, Air, had formally requested that 48 C-

97s being phased out of the USAF inventory be transferred to ANG units. Gen.

Curtis E. LeMay, the Air Force Vice Chief of Staff, had rejected the request on

the grounds that such big aircraft were too complex for ANG units to maintain

and fly. He wanted Air Guardsmen to stick with simpler fighter aircraft but

was overruled by Secretary of the Air Force James H. Douglas, Jr., a World

War II Army Air Forces airlifter.

368

December 1959. After a huge snowstorm isolated ranch families in eastern

New Mexico, the state’s lone ANG C-47 dropped 60 to 70 tons of hay over a

seven-day period saving an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 sheep and an untold

number of cattle.

369

January 1960. ANG fighter units in California, Minnesota, New Hampshire,

New York, and Oklahoma began converting from F-86s to C-97s, the reserve

component's first four-engine transports. During 1960, six ANG units acquired

48 C-97s.

370

1-26 February 1960. 47 members of the Arkansas Air National Guard’s

154

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron deployed to Elmendorf AFB, Alaska

with four of the unit’s Martin RB-57s to provide photo reconnaissance support

for “Exercise Little Bear,” the Army’s Arctic maneuvers. It was the earliest

known deployment of an Air Guard unit outside the continental United States

for training.

371

2 February 1960. The Secretary of the Air Force, Dudley C. Sharp, approved

the gaining command concept of reserve forces management which had long

been championed by senior Air Guard leaders.

372

16 February 1960. South Carolina’s 157

Fighter Interceptor Squadron

began to phase in the Air National Guard’s first F-104A&Bs.

373

March 1960. Selected aircrews from six ANG C-97 units completed retraining

with the Military Air Transportation Service at Travis AFB, California. They

then made transoceanic checkout flights to Tachikawa AFB, Japan and back.

374

18 April 1960. The Air Force officially redesignated the former Denver

Naval Air Station as Buckley Air National Guard Base. It was leased to the

state of Colorado and operationally assigned to the ANG. (Was it the first

air base assigned to and operated by an Air Guard unit?)

375

24 April 1960. The Alaska Air Guard’s 144

Air Transport Squadron received

its first ski-equipped Fairchild C-123J Provider.

376

25 May 1960. Members of the Alaska Air Guard’s 144

Air Transport

Squadron flew their first operational mission in two ski-equipped C-123Js. At

the request of the Air Force, they carried radio equipment to scientists

conducting geophysical research on the Artic ice pack about 600 miles from the

North Pole. The mission took place approximately one month after the unit

received its first Provider.

377

3 June 1960. The first four Convair F-102 Delta Daggers were delivered to

an Air Guard unit, the 182

Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Kelly AFB,

Texas.

378

July 1960. Texas’ 182

Fighter Interceptor Squadron became the first Air

Guard unit to officially convert to Convair’s F-102A Delta Dagger. Eventually,

22 more ANG fighter squadrons flew that aircraft.

379

October 1960. An unidentified Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agent

visited Brig. Gen. George R. Doster, commander of the 117

Tactical

Reconnaissance Wing, Alabama ANG at his headquarters in Birmingham. He

won Doster’s support to recruit Alabama Air Guardsmen as civilian contractors

to train Cuban exiles to fly and maintain B-26s for a planned secret invasion of

Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro’s communist regime. After negotiations

between the Pentagon and the CIA, the 117

was offered the opportunity to

assist the secret CIA operation because it had flown RB-26s until it converted

to Republic RF-84Fs on 1 May 1957.

380

1 December 1960. The Alaska ANG’s 144

Air Transport Squadron (Medium)

completed its conversion from C-47As to ski-equipped C-123Js. It was the only

ANG unit to be equipped with the C-123 as its mission aircraft.

381

7 April 1961. A New Mexico ANG F-100 accidentally discharged a heat-

seeking Sidewinder missile while making a practice intercept run on a B-52

Stratofortress. The missile shot down the Strategic Air Command bomber

killing three of its crew members. An Air Force board of inquiry absolved the

Air Guard pilot of any blame for the tragic accident.

382

19 April 1961. During the abortive CIA-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion by

Cuban exiles, four Alabama Air Guardsmen, working as civilian contractors,

were killed in action when their two B-26s were shot down. The Guardsmen,

who had trained Cuban pilots and crews at a secret base in Nicaragua, had

stepped in at the last minute to help exhausted Cuban exile aircrews try to

stave off defeat at the Bay of Pigs.

383

May 1961. Responding to an urgent request from the Military Air Transport

Service, 17 Air Guard C-97As, volunteer crews and support personnel, hauled

over 600,000 pounds of cargo to various destinations in the Pacific. It was the

first recorded use of the ANG in the strategic airlift role overseas.

384

5 July 1961. The last class of the "Air National Guard Jet Instrument School"

completed its course of instruction. Since its inception in October 1957, the

school had graduated 926 pilots.

385

1 July 1961. Illinois’ 108

Fighter Interceptor Squadron, redesignated the

108

Air Refueling Squadron on this date, became the first ANG unit to be

assigned an air refueling role.

386

July 1961. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Arizona Air

National Guard’s 161

Fighter Group had begun training 27 officers from the

Republic of China to serve as maintenance instructors for F-104

Starfighters.

387

8 August 1961. The first Boeing KC-97F Stratofreighter was delivered to an

Air Guard unit, the 108

Air Refueling Squadron in Illinois.

388

13 August 1961. The Soviets and the East Germans began erecting the Berlin

Wall.

389

30 August 1961. President John F. Kennedy ordered 148,000 Guardsmen and

Reservists to active duty in response to Soviet moves to cut off allied access to

Berlin.

390

6 September 1961. A KC-97F from Illinois’ 108

Air Refueling Squadron

successfully executed the Air Guard’s first mid-air refueling. The tanker

refueled an F-84F from the 169

Tactical Fighter Squadron, Illinois ANG.

391

September 1961. The first individuals promoted to chief master sergeant in

the Air Guard assumed their new rank during this month. The Air Force had

begun promoting individuals to that rank on 1 December 1959.

392

1 October 1961. Over 21,000 Air Guardsmen called into federal service by

President Kennedy’s order to deal with the Berlin crisis reported to their units.

Mobilized Air Guard units included: 18 tactical fighter squadrons, 4 tactical

reconnaissance squadrons, 6 air transport squadrons, and a tactical air control

group.

393

1 November 1961. The Air Force mobilized three ANG fighter interceptor

squadrons equipped with F-104A/Bs to help deal with the Berlin crisis.

394

2 November 1961. To reinforce NATO during the Berlin crisis, the first of

216 ANG jet fighter, reconnaissance, and trainer aircraft from mobilized units

reached their bases in western Europe during Operation Stair Step. The entire

island-hopping deployment across the Atlantic Ocean was completed without

losing a single plane. It was the largest aircraft deployment operation in the Air

Guard’s history.

395

10 November 1961. Because of mechanical troubles, the first of 60 F-

104A/Bs from 3 ANG fighter interceptor squadrons mobilized for the Berlin

crisis were airlifted to Europe by Air Force C-124s in Operation Brass Ring.

The last of those aircraft were transported to Europe on 12 December 1961.

396

March 1962. The Air Reservist magazine reported that personnel from three

Air Guard Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons located in Denver,

Colorado, Salt Lake City, Utah and Puerto Rico were manning radar sites on a

fulltime basis for the Air Defense Command. In Hawaii, an Air Guard Aircraft

Control and Warning Squadron also operated a radar site around-the-clock.

397

April 1962. At the request of Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, RB-57 aircraft

from the Nevada Air Guard’s 192

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron provided

high altitude photo coverage of areas damaged by fire in Arizona and

California.

398

June 1962. A C-97A and crew from the New York Air Guard’s 109

Air

Transport Group, mobilized during the Berlin crisis, flew a cargo of

communications equipment from Dover AFB, Delaware to Nha Trang,

Vietnam.

399

30 June 1962. During Fiscal Year 1962 which ended on this date, the

Massachusetts’ Air Guard’s 267

Communications Group began furnishing a

complete shift of workers two nights each week for the Communications Center

of the Air Force Space Track and Research Development Facility at Hanscom

AFB.

400

1 July 1962. Beginning on this date and continuing through 31 August 1962,

Military Air Transport Service transports returned over 9,600 ANG personnel

and 1,400 tons of equipment, including fighter aircraft, from Europe to the US

following the end of the Berlin Wall crisis. Some 24 of those approximately 260

airlift missions were flown by C-97s from mobilized ANG units.

401

6 -20 July 1962 Air traffic controllers from the 231

Mobile Communications

Squadron, District of Columbia ANG, operated the control tower, ground

controlled approach, and navigation aids at the Air Guard’s field training site

at Phelps-Collins Field, Alpena, Michigan. It was the first time that Air

Guardsmen, not active duty Air Force personnel, had assumed the full

responsibility for air base traffic control away from their home station during

one of their annual training periods.

402

9 July 1962. Upon arrival at Andrews AFB, Maryland from their Operation

Stair Step deployment in Europe, an advance party of the ANG’s 152

Tactical

Control Group, received an impromptu greeting by President John F. Kennedy,

Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert, and Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, Air

Force Chief of Staff.

403

11 July 1962. A C-97 from the Delaware ANG launched the unit’s first

overseas flight. The mission to the Azores, Europe, and Greenland was

undertaken primarily for training but the aircraft also carried cargo from

Dover to Europe.

404

22 July 1962. Under Operation High Top, all the ANG flying squadrons that

had deployed to Europe during the Berlin Wall crisis, except three fighter

interceptor squadrons (i.e., 151

, Tennessee; 157

, South Carolina; and 197

Arizona) had returned to their home stations without accident by this date.

405

6 August 1962. Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown, an Arkansas Air Guardsman, became

the Assistant Chief, National Guard Bureau, Air.

406

15 August 1962. The last three Air Guard fighter units mobilized in 1961

during the Berlin crisis - - the 151

Fighter Interceptor Squadron (FIS),

Tennessee; 157

FIS, South Carolina; and the 197

FIS, Arizona - - returned to

state service. All but the 197

returned to their home stations with their F-

104s. The Air Force retained the latter’s Starfighters and transferred the first

Boeing C-97Gs to the “Copperheads” in September 1962 to begin a unit

conversion process.

407

7 October 1962. The Air Guard opened a small center at the Portland

Municipal Airport, home of the Oregon ANG’s 142

Fighter Group, to train

radar intercept officers for the nine Guard squadrons that flew the F-89J

fighter interceptor.

408

October 1962. During the Cuban Missile crisis, volunteer ANG aircrews

and C-97s augmented global Air Force operations flying 29 special assignment

airlift missions. Although not mobilized, 14 ANG fighter units were placed on

accelerated training programs and prepared for possible “no notice”

deployments. In addition, 26 ANG bases hosted Air Force B-47E, F-101B, F-

102A, and F-106A aircraft which had been disbursed to them during the

emergency.

409

28 November 1962. An Air Guard C-97 and crew from Oklahoma’s 125

Air

Transport Group completed a 14-day, 21,000 mile flight around the world to

dramatize the ANG’s emerging status as a truly global force. Along the way, it

delivered 14 prize breeding cattle to Kabul, Afghanistan as part of the Air

Guard’s first diplomatic mission.

410

November 1962. The National Guardsman magazine reported that

Maryland ANG transport pilots had begun familiarizing Argentinean air force

flyers with the formers’ SA-16 amphibian aircraft.

411

13 February 1963. The Air Force published AFR 45-60, “Programming,

Equipping, and Maintaining the Capability of the Air Force Ready Reserve

Forces,” which changed the official objective of its reserve components from

providing M-Day forces which required extensive post-mobilization

preparations for combat to ones that were immediately available for global

operations when they were called to active duty.

412

February 1963. The Air Reservist magazine reported that, under new

regulations, Air Guard units would have to remove ANG and state names from

the nose sections of their aircrafts’ fuselages and replace them with “U.S. Air

Force.” That change was mandated because maintenance crews had spent too

much time removing state markings and replacing them with Air Force

markings during the Berlin call-up in 1961. The Air Guard identity of its

planes would be retained by placing a new black and white oval insignia on

their vertical stabilizers that featured the Minuteman statue with two

aircraft silhouettes in the background plus the term “Air National Guard”

printed on the oval’s outer ring. The new insignia had been designed by Lt. Col.

Joseph D. Day, Chief of the ANG’s Maintenance-Engineering Branch in the

NGB.

413

17 June 1963. Maj. Robert A. Rushworth, an Air Force test pilot and former

Maine Air Guardsman, became the second winged astronaut after his X-15

attained an altitude of approximately 54 miles. Rushworth received his Air

Force astronaut wings from Gen. Curtis LeMay, Air Force Chief of Staff, in a

ceremony at the Pentagon on 25 July 1963.

414

June 1963. A crew from Wyoming’s 187

Aeromedical Transportation

Squadron, became the first Air Guardsmen to complete a six-week Lockheed C-

121G training program conducted by the U.S. Navy at Moffett Field, California

and ferry one of those aircraft to their home station at Cheyenne.

415

1 July 1963. Air Guard troop carrier units (originally air resupply units) in

California, Maryland, West Virginia, and Rhode Island were redesignated air

commando units. That change finally openly acknowledged their special

operations role. They were the: 129

Air Commando Group (ACG), California;

130

ACG, West Virginia; 135

ACG, Maryland; and the 143

ACG, Rhode

Island.

416

5-10 August 1963. 128 ANG jet fighter, tactical reconnaissance and

amphibious aircraft plus 18 ANG transports participated in the joint Army/ Air

Force exercise, Swift Strike III.

417

30 August 1963. To demonstrate improvements in readiness deficiencies

revealed during the 1961 Berlin call-up, 12 RF-84Fs of Alabama’s 106

Tactical

Reconnaissance Squadron flew 3,500 miles non-stop to Alaska during exercise

“Minuteman Alpha.” During the deployment, ANG KC-97 tankers refueled

the tactical warplanes and ANG C-97 transports provided airlift support.

418

31 August 1963. Maj. Gen. Winston P. “Wimpy” Wilson, an Arkansas Air

National Guardsman, became the first blue suit Chief of the National Guard

Bureau on a regular (i.e., non-acting) basis.

419

7-14 October 1963. Flying F-102s, a team from the Pennsylvania Air Guard’s

146

Fighter Interceptor Squadron won top honors at the Air Force’s 1963

William Tell worldwide air-to-air weapons meet.

420

October 1963. Capt. Russell L. Schweickart, an F-86 pilot in the

Massachusetts ANG’s 102

Tactical Fighter Group and a civilian research

scientist at MIT’s Experimental Astronomy Laboratory, was selected by the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be an astronaut. He was the

first astronaut to be selected directly from the Air Reserve Forces.

421

22 November 1963. Refueled twice by Air Guard tankers, 12 ANG F-100s

from the District of Columbia’s 113

Tactical Fighter Wing and 6 from

Missouri’s 131

Tactical Fighter Group staged a joint deployment from

Andrews AFB, Maryland to Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico. Their four-and-one-half-

hour flight during exercise “Cane Cutter” was the ANG’s first ever non-stop,

over-water deployment.

422

29 November 1963. During exercise “Abbey Tower,” the Colorado Air

Guard’s 140

Tactical Fighter Wing deployed a provisional task force of 12 of

its own F-100Cs and 8 RF-84s from the Mississippi ANG’s Tactical

Reconnaissance Group to Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, Puerto Rico. Their

non-stop flight from was supported by ANG KC-97 tankers and C-97

transports.

423

February 1964. Secretary of the Air Force Eugene Zuckert approved “in

principle” a proposal for an “eventual” merger of the Air National Guard and

the Air Force Reserve. The proposal was sent to the Air Staff for study but

never implemented.

424

February 1964. Air Guard aircraft began moving the first of some 23,000

Army National Guard and Air Guard troops between their home stations and

distant annual field training sites in operation “Guardlift I” which continued

through September 1964. Over 200 ANG transport aircraft participated in the

operation.

425

27 March 1964. After one of the most gigantic earthquakes in its history

caused enormous damage in Alaska, members of the ANG’s 144

Air Transport

Squadron helped rescue victims in Anchorage and provided food and shelter to

them, reestablished vital communications across the state, and airlifted rescue

workers and supplies to other stricken communities. The unit’s C-123Js flew 77

sorties airlifting 201 passengers and 131,054 pounds of cargo within a week

during its relief operations. They were aided by Air Guardsmen from four other

states who flew 12 airlift missions carrying relief supplies to Alaska.

426

March 1964. Illinois Air Guardsmen assigned to the 126

Air Refueling

Group installed and began testing a prototype conversion of a Boeing KC-

97G Stratotanker which gave that aircraft the capability to refuel any

fighter in the Air Force inventory. That initiative, which they had suggested,

involved installing jet engines pods and an improved rendezvous radar

equipment on a KC-97G from KB-50s which the Air Force had withdrawn

from service. The prototype cost $40,000.00. Based on the experiment’s

success, the Air Force approved a proposal to modify all 54 Stratotankers in

the ANG inventory with jet engines and improved radar. The jet-augmented

ANG aircraft were designated KC-97Ls.

427

April 1964. New Jersey’s 141

Tactical Fighter Squadron became the first

ANG unit to convert to the Republic F-105 Thunderchief.

428

30 June 1964. The Air Defense Command’s alert program continued through

Fiscal Year 1964 with 24 Air Guard fighter squadrons participating. All but one

of those units provided around-the-clock coverage seven days a week each with

two aircraft on five-minute alert and two more on one-hour status. The Puerto

Rico Air Guard’s 198

Tactical Fighter Squadron performed 14-hour alert, 7

days a week with 2 aircraft on 5-minute alert and 2 aircraft on 1-hour status.

429

June 1964. The National Guard Bureau began periodically tasking the

command post of the Tennessee Air Guard’s 118

Military Airlift Wing in

Nashville to coordinate, schedule, and monitor ANG domestic airlift missions

as well as overseas training flights and Military Airlift Command channel

missions to Southeast Asia. That organization became known as the ANG Air

Operations Center. It was the precursor of the Air National Guard Readiness

Center at Andrews AFB, Maryland.

430

June 1964. To protect Great Falls, Montana against flooding, 375 Air

Guardsmen from the 120

Fighter Group assisted in sandbagging, evacuating

threatened areas, patrolling, providing fixed and mobile communications, fire

protection, and ground transportation. The unit’s C-47 mission support aircraft

flew 33 missions delivering emergency supplies and personnel.

431

8 August 1964. During “Operation Ready Go,” 19 ANG F-100s and 12 ANG

RF- 84s deployed non-stop from the U.S. to Europe for their annual two-week

training period. The jets were supported by 28 ANG tankers and 30 ANG

transports. The exercise had been planned by Air Guardsmen to demonstrate

the ANG’s ability to rapidly deploy aircraft overseas non-stop to potential

combat theaters. It marked significant improvements in ANG readiness since

Operation Stair Step and initiated the practice of deploying selected Guard

combat units overseas to perform their annual training requirements.

432

August 1964. When Hurricane Cleo threatened Puerto Rico, the Tennessee

Air Guard flew 1,500 Puerto Rico Army Guardsmen training in Indiana back to

their home island and evacuated 1,500 Indiana Army Guardsmen from the

storm’s path on that same island.

433

23 December 1964. Starting this date, Air Guardsmen from California’s

146

Air Transport Wing and its 129

Air Commando Group accumulated

175 flying hours carrying 188 passengers and 238 tons of cargo during a 16-

day period to aid flood-ravaged communities in the Golden State.

434

December 1964. The National Guardsman magazine reported that a

handful of enlisted ANG technicians from Massachusetts’ 276

Communications Squadron, operating out of a trailer at their Wellesley

headquarters, were helping to operate a satellite tracking station for the Air

Defense Command’s USAF Space Tracking Service. Other members of the

unit were helping to staff the communications center at the Space Track

Research and Development Center at nearby Hanscom AFB. The 267

’s

technicians had been first assigned to the Hanscom facility on a fulltime

basis in 1961 to learn to handle special message traffic there.

435

January 1965. As part of Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara’s

initiative to shrink the size of U.S. military reserve programs and improve their

readiness, Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert proposed transferring

all Air Force Reserve units to the ANG. The proposal failed to win political

support on Capitol Hill and was prohibited by the Congress.

436

January 1965. Assisted by several ANG airlift units, the West Virginia Air

Guard’s 130

Air Commando Group deployed the first of three increments of

personnel and equipment to Howard AFB, Panama Canal Zone to conduct its

annual training. The deployments, which continued into March and were

dubbed “Project Highland Fling,” marked the first known instance of an ANG

unit sending all of its personnel outside the U.S. to conduct its annual

training.

437

February 1965. Beginning this month and extending to mid September,

approximately 30,000 citizen soldiers and airmen were airlifted to their annual

field training periods by ANG transports as part of “Operation Guardlift II.”

438

April 1965. During the U.S. military intervention in the Dominican Republic

which began that month, ANG volunteer aircrews and aircraft flew 43 airlift

missions carrying 619 tons of cargo in the U.S. freeing some Air Force airlifters

for direct support of the contingency operation.

439

2-6 May 1965. The Oklahoma Air Guard’s 185

Air Transport Squadron

deployed its C-97E “Talking Bird” flying command post to Puerto Rico to

support the U.S. military intervention in the Dominican Republic.

440

May 1965. The last F-84F Thunderstreak to serve with the active duty Air

Force was flown from the 366

Tactical Fighter Wing at Holloman AFB, New

Mexico to its new home with the Air Guard’s 170

Tactical Fighter Squadron

at Springfield, Illinois.

441

16 June 1965. As flood waters raged through metropolitan Denver and the

eastern plains region of Colorado, approximately 225 Air Guardsmen joined

ARNG soldiers and civil authorities in disaster assistance operations.

442

July 1965. The New Jersey Air Guard’s 170

Air Transport Group was moved

to McGuire AFB from Newark because of base closing decisions made by

Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara.

443

1 August 1965. At the request of the Military Airlift Command, ANG C-121s

and volunteer crews began performing aeromedical evacuation and cargo

flights in the U.S. plus Newfoundland, Puerto Rico, Panama, Cuba, and

Bermuda freeing Air Force assets for operations in Southeast Asia.

444

18 August 1965. The Air Force approved nine ANG tactical fighter groups and

four ANG tactical reconnaissance groups recruiting to 100 percent manning in

connection with the U.S. military buildup to deal with the situation in

Vietnam. Only one of those nine ANG units had been manned above 90

percent when the order went into effect. Those nine Air Guard units were also

receiving stepped up training to meet Secretary of Defense Robert S.

McNamara’s goal of having selected Air Reserve Components units ready to

deploy on 24 hours notice by the end of 1965.

445

18 October 1965. The 107

Tactical Fighter Group, New York ANG,

participated in exercise Tropic Lightening I in Hawaii. This was the first

deployment of an Air Guard fighter unit from the continental U.S. to the

Pacific region to participate in an exercise.

446

November 1965. Beginning this month and lasting into December, 76 ANG

aircrews operating 19 C-121s and 59 C-97s made the 96-hour round trip to

South Vietnam from the US to deliver over 400 tons of Christmas gifts, mail,

and other treats to American servicemen during Operation Christmas Star.

447

December 1965. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara announced that

the Department of Defense planned to eliminate two Air Guard heavy transport

groups and three ANG flying squadrons by 1 October 1966. Effective lobbying

in the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill by Guardsmen and their supporters killed

McNamara’s unit closure initiative.

448

January 1966. Air Guard volunteers began flying regularly scheduled airlift

missions overseas, the majority of them to Southeast Asia. They averaged 75

flights a month in C-121s and C-97s.

449

January 1966. The New Hampshire Air Guard’s 157

Air Transport Group

moved from Grenier AFB to Pease AFB because of base closing decision made

by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara.

450

May 1966. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Capt. John M.

Swigert, a former Connecticut ANG flier, had been selected by the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration for astronaut training. Swigert, a

civilian test pilot for the Pratt & Whitney Division of the United Aircraft

Corporation, had served as a Connecticut Air Guard pilot for approximately five

years.

451

13-15 June 1966. Elements of the Montana Air Guard’s 120

Fighter Group

deployed to a base in Alberta, Canada with their F-89J fighter-interceptors for

training during “Operation Cold Lake” and were supported there by Royal

Canadian Air Force personnel.

452

30 June 1966. 22 ANG fighter squadrons participated in the Air Defense

Command’s alert program during Fiscal Year 1966 providing around-the-clock

coverage with 2 or 3 aircraft at each unit on 5 or 15 minute alert.

453

1 July 1966. Tennessee Air National Guard flight nurses and medical

technicians began providing complete teams to serve on Air Force aircraft

performing aeromedical missions in the Pacific theater including Vietnam.

They were based at Tachikawa AFB, Japan and had volunteered to help the

Air Force overcome a shortage of qualified aeromedical personnel in that

theater of operations. The Tennessee Air Guard personnel were sometimes

augmented by flight nurses and medical technicians from the Mississippi ANG;

however, the latter usually supported Air Force aeromedical evacuation

missions in the US.

454

10 September 1966. Operation Combat Leave ended. During the operation

which began in July 1966, 174 ANG transports flew 25,238 passengers,

including 12,926 troops on leave from Southeast Asia, while logging some 4,000

flying hours. President Lyndon B. Johnson had ordered the Air Guard and

other Military Airlift Command to undertake the mission during a strike by

employees of five commercial airlines.

455

September 1966. The governors and Adjutants General of New York,

California, and Pennsylvania as well as the commanders of three ANG airlift

units slated for deactivation – the 105

Military Airlift Group (MAG), New

York, the 195

Military Airlift Squadron, California, and the 171

MAG,

Pennsylvania – were notified that those organizations would be retained for

another year. Congress had approved funding them for that period.

456

17 October 1966. At the 88

General Conference of the National Guard

Association of the United States, held in Phoenix, Arizona, Secretary of the Air

Force Harold Brown lauded the operational contributions of the Air Guard in

non-mobilized status to the Air Force’s ongoing missions. He stressed that “No

longer do we regard the Guard as simply a standby force. For some time we

have been conceiving of it as an actual ‘in-being’ supplement to the Regular

forces, even while it holds its reserve status. Mission areas for the Guard,

therefore, are designed not only a training function but also to make a positive

day-to-day contributions to the Active Forces.”

457

17 November 1966. The first of 433 personnel from 17 Air Guard Ground

Electronics Engineering Agency (GEEIA) units arrived in France to aid the Air

Force in Operation Fast Race. The mission of those GEEIA personnel was to

quickly remove Air Force ground communications and electronics gear from

France after President Charles DeGaulle decided to withdraw his nation from

active military participation in NATO and close all U.S. bases on its soil. The

operation was completed in February 1967 well ahead of the 31 March 1967

deadline established by the French government.

458

December 1966. The North Carolina Air Guard flew 50 Cuban refugees from

Jamaica to the United States at the request of the State Department.

459

2 February 1967. Dr. Harold Brown, the Secretary of the Air Force, told the

United States Senate’s Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations that, during

the previous year, the Air Guard had provided 26 percent of the nation’s air

defense alert capability.

460

1 April 1967. For the first time, ANG C-124s made trans-Pacific flights to

Vietnam. The Globemasters included one assigned to the 145

Military Airlift

Group, North Carolina and another from the 116

Military Airlift Group,

Georgia.

461

28 April 1967. Volunteer crews and KC-97Ls from the 136th Air Refueling

Wing, Texas, began Operation Creek Party at Rhine Main AB, Germany. The

operation, which lasted 10 years, was the ANG's first sustained overseas

volunteer rotation. During Creek Party, the Air Guard pioneered the use of

packages of volunteers and equipment overseas on short (15-30 days) tours of

active duty overseas to support the active duty force. The operation provided a

template for the much wider use of Air Reserve Components volunteers to

assist the active force on short overseas rotations in subsequent decades.

462

April 1967. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Kansas Air

Guard’s 190

Tactical Reconnaissance Group, one of only two remaining ANG

RB-57 units, was providing transition and specialized training for Air Force

aircrews that would fly the plane in Vietnam.

463

29 June 1967. A C-124 from Mississippi’s 172

Military Airlift Group landed

at DaNang Air Base, South Vietnam. It was the Air Guard’s 1,000

airlift

mission to that war ravaged nation.

464

10 July 1967. The first group of volunteer students, 93 Air Guardsmen from

28 states, began classes at the Air National Guard NCO Academy at McGhee

Tyson Airport near Knoxville, home of Tennessee ANG’s 134

Air Refueling

Group. The class was considered a pilot project.

465

July 1967. The Department of Defense (DOD) cancelled ANG airlift flights

to Southeast Asia on the grounds that it would be more economical to rely on

jets flown by commercial air freight carriers. But, Congress overturned the

DOD decision and Air Guardsmen resumed conducting airlift missions to

Southeast Asia in August 1967 at a reduced rate of about flights 25 per

month.

466

15-23 August 1967. Aircrews and C-123J Providers of the Alaska Air Guard’s

144

Air Transport Squadron (Medium) logged 223 hours flying 138 evacuation

and cargo sorties, transporting 2,371 flood victims from Fairbanks to

Anchorage, and airlifting 300,000 pounds of supplies into Fairbanks during two

solid weeks of drenching rains and melting glaciers.

467

August 1967. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Maj. Gen.

Winston P. Wilson, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, had testified before a

House Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations that a proposal to

form Air Guard and Air Force Reserve associate units for Air Force C-141 and

C-5 organizations had “considerable merit.”

468

August 1967. Aircrews from the Puerto Rico Air Guard’s 156

Tactical

Fighter Group flew four mercy missions in the unit’s C-54 to aid Venezuelan

earthquake victims with 50,000 pounds of cargo including clothing, food, and

medicine.

469

17 September 1967. The 193

Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron,

Pennsylvania ANG, was extended federal recognition. During the summer of

1968, it received its first five modified EC-121S aircraft configured as flying

radio and television stations to perform the “Combat Solo” mission. The unit

had been “volunteered” for that mission by the NGB after the Air Force had

turned to the Air Guard for help in developing an airborne psychological

warfare and intelligence gathering capability.

470

24 September 1967. Responding to an Air Force request for help, the New

Jersey Air Guard’s 170

Airlift Group began training active duty Air Force

flight engineers on the unit’s C-121s to replace their counterparts who had

been sent to Southeast Asia to serve on EC-121Rs in that war zone.

471

September 1967. The Texas Air Guard placed 145 men on active duty to help

deal with the impact of Hurricane Beulah on their state. ANG C-47s and C-54s

from the 147

and 149

Fighter Groups airlifted 324 doctors, nurses and

civilian officials as well as 105,500 pounds of emergency supplies during the

storm and its aftermath.

472

October 1967. Senior officers at the National Guard Bureau decided to

establish an Air National Guard NCO Academy on a permanent basis at

McGee-Tyson ANG Base, Tennessee near Knoxville. Several existing buildings

on the installation were repaired or altered to accommodate the Academy’s

staff and students.

473

October 1967. Elements of the Colorado Air Guard’s 140

Tactical Fighter

Wing and 12 F-100s deployed to Incirlik, Turkey to participate in NATO’s

exercise “Deep Furrow 67.” It was the first time an ANG unit’s aircraft

involved in a NATO exercise were refueled by KC-135 tankers.

474

November 1967. Former Air Guard Chaplain, Army Captain Charles J.

Watters was killed in action near Dak To, Vietnam after rescuing seven

wounded soldiers and administering last rites to several dying men during an

attack on his unit. For his heroism, the former member of New Jersey’s 108

Tactical Fighter Wing received the Medal of Honor posthumously. Watters had

taken a reduction in rank and transferred to the active Army in 1965 so he

could serve in the combat zone as a chaplain.

475

21-29 December 1967. Aircrews and C-97s of the Arizona Air Guard’s 161

Military Airlift Group flew 56 sorties and dropped more than 400 tons of hay to

isolated livestock after heavy snows blanketed the state. They also airlifted a

load of skimobiles from Denver, Colorado to Phoenix, Arizona and flew 17,000

pounds of food to Window Rock, Arizona from which it was flown by helicopters

to the Navajo Reservation where thousands of Indians were stranded in remote

area.

476

25 January 1968. In response to the North Korean seizure of the U.S.S.

Pueblo, President Lyndon B. Johnson mobilized 14,000 reserve components

personnel including 9,343 Air Guardsmen. The Air Guard units that were

called up included three tactical fighter squadrons and three tactical

reconnaissance squadrons.

477

25 January 1968. Maj. Gen. Errol H. Zistel, Ohio ANG (Ret.), died. He had

begun his military career as fighter pilot in Britain’s Royal Flying Corps and

then transferred to General Pershing’s American Air Service during World War

I. In 1927, he was among the organizers of the Ohio National Guard’s first

aviation unit, the 112

Observation Squadron. Zistel had retired in 1957 while

serving as Chief of Staff of the Ohio Air National Guard.

478

February 1968. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Air Guard

officers were assigned to the “Policy & Plans, Surgeon General, Comptroller,

Personnel Plans & Operations, and Programs & Resources” staffs of

Headquarters, U.S. Air Force under the provisions of Section 8033, Title 10,

US Code.

479

February 1968. Responding to an urgent Defense Department request to

move additional U.S. troops overseas in response to the Pueblo crisis and the

communists’ surprise Tet offensive in South Vietnam, the Air Guard increased

its monthly transoceanic airlift missions to 115 round trips, 69 in the Pacific

and 46 in the Atlantic.

480

13 May 1968. The Department of Defense mobilized an additional 22,200

Guardsmen and Reservists, including 1,333 Air Guardsmen, in response to the

Pueblo crisis and the communists’ Tet Offensive in South Vietnam. The ANG

units called into federal service included two tactical fighter squadrons and an

aeromedical airlift squadron.

481

7 -14 April 1968. The Maryland Air Guard’s 175

Tactical Fighter Group and

its 135

Air Resupply Group were called by the state’s governor to assist in

dealing with disorders in Baltimore following the murder of civil rights leader

the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in Memphis, Tennessee. The Air

Guardsmen were primarily used to protect important installations in Baltimore

and guard individuals who had been arrested during the disturbances.

482

April 1968. To support civil authorities working to suppress urban riots across

the U.S. after the murder in Memphis, Tennessee of civil rights leader the

Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., ANG airlift units employed 162 planes

to carry 9,340 passengers and almost 1,900,000 pounds of cargo while

accumulating 1,756 flying hours.

483

April 1968. Brig. Gen. Willard W. Millikan, the commander of the 113

Tactical Fighter Wing, District of Columbia ANG, was assigned as the

commander of the 833rd Air Division, Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina.

Millikan and his ANG unit had been mobilized during the Pueblo crisis.

484

3 May 1968. The first stage of the deployment of 4 mobilized Air Guard

tactical fighter squadrons to South Vietnam was completed on this date when

20 F-100Cs from Colorado’s 120

Tactical Fighter Squadron (TFS) landed at

Phan Rang Air Base. They were followed in short order by F-100s from Iowa’s

174

TFS (Phu Cat Air Base), New Mexico’s 188

TFS (Tuy Hoa Air Base), and

New York’s 136

TFS (Tuy Hoa Air Base).

485

8 May 1968. Pilots from the 120

Tactical Fighter Squadron, Colorado ANG,

began flying operational missions in South Vietnam.

486

May 1968. The Air Force announced that four ANG airlift units scheduled for

deactivation in July 1968 – the 105

Military airlift Group (MAG), New York;

the 111

MAG, Pennsylvania; the 195

Military Airlift Squadron, California;

and the 170

MAG, New Jersey – would continue in their current missions for

at least another year.

487

8 June 1968. The Colorado Air Guard’s 120

Tactical Fighter Squadron,

deployed to Phan Rang Air Base, flew its first combat mission in Vietnam.

488

24 June 1968. The Air National Guard Non Commissioned Officer Academy

officially began operations as a permanent all-Guard organization at the

McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base near Knoxville, Tennessee after a

successful test of a pilot course there in 1967.

489

June 1968. The Maryland Air Guard’s 104

Fighter Squadron, which had

been mobilized during the Pueblo crisis, was transferred to Cannon AFB, New

Mexico where it began training Air Force forward air controllers. That month,

the Maryland Air Guardsmen also adopted a live tarantula as the unit’s

mascot.

490

June 1968. The 196

Fighter Interceptor Squadron, California ANG, and the

Alaskan Air Command began planning for the possible deployment of the

formers’ F-102 aircraft and support personnel to deploy to Alaska to conduct

the unit’s annual training, something which had never been done before. That

initial planning was done without the involvement of the Aerospace Defense

Command.

491

1 July 1968. Effective this date, the Air Guard was allowed to recruit women

other than nurses into its ranks for the first time under the authority of Public

Law 90-180 enacted by Congress in November 1967.

492

6 July 1968. Pilots and 27 F-100Cs from the mobilized 127

Tactical Fighter

Squadron (TFS), Kansas ANG, arrived at Kunsan Air Base, Korea as part of

the U.S. military response to the Pueblo crisis. Along with Guardsmen and F-

100Cs from the 166

TFS, Ohio ANG, Guardsmen from other units, active duty

Air Force personnel, and Air Force Reservists, they formed the Air Force’s 345

Tactical Fighter Wing.

493

24 July 1968. The mobilized 154

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (TRS),

Arkansas ANG, and its RF-101G/Hs deployed to Itazuke Air Base, Japan to

provide photo reconnaissance support for U.S. forces in Japan, Korea, and

Okinawa.

494

31 July 1968. The Aerospace Defense Command (ADC) recommended against

the deployment of F-102s from the 196

Fighter Interceptor Squadron,

California ANG, to Alaska for the units annual training as proposed by the unit

and the Alaskan Air Command. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force rejected ADC’s

recommendation.

495

2 August 1968. F-102s from the California Air Guard’s 196

Fighter

Interceptor Squadron began their “Cool Ride” deployment to Alaska for the

unit’s annual training. Before the returned to their home station on August

, they flew 158 sorties while compiling 273 flying hours in Alaska. All

aircraft completed the deployment safely. It was the first time that ANG F-102s

had deployed to Alaska for training.

496

August 1968. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the first group

of 25 combat-qualified volunteer ANG F-102 pilots had begun flying air defense

missions overseas under an Air Force-sponsored program called Palace Alert.

497

August 1968. The 102

Tactical Fighter Group, Massachusetts, moved from

Boston’s Logan International Airport to Otis AFB because of Secretary of

Defense Robert S. McNamara’s base closing initiative.

498

18 November 1968. The mobilized 154

Tactical Reconnaissance (TRS),

Arkansas ANG, returned to the U.S. from Itazuke Air Base, Japan. It was

replaced by the mobilized 192

TRS, Nevada ANG. The latter unit and its RF-

101Hs continued to provide photo reconnaissance support for U.S. forces in

Japan, Korea, and Okinawa.

499

29 December 1968. Capt Joe O’Neil, an F-100 pilot with the Colorado Air

Guard’s mobilized 120

Fighter Squadron, was shot down and recovered

near Bihn Thuy, South Vietnam.

500

1 January 1969. Under Public Law 90-486, National Guard Technicians

attained federal civil service status. The Adjutants General were given

responsibility for the administration and employment of personnel in the new

system which replaced the existing state programs.

501

3 February 1969. The mobilized 192

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron

(TRS), Nevada ANG, returned to the U.S. from Itazuke Air Base, Japan. Its

place was taken by the mobilized 165

TRS, Kentucky ANG and its RF-

101G/Hs which continued to provide photo reconnaissance support to US forces

in Japan, Korea, and Okinawa.

502

February 1969. Graduating from the Lackland Military Training Center at

San Antonio, Texas, three women became the first Air National Guard women

in history to complete Air Force basic training. They were Airmen Kathy

Kovacs and Michele Kutten from Illinois and Vicki Markotay from Missouri.

503

3-13 March 1969. Astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, a former Massachusetts

Air Guard fighter pilot, orbited the earth in NASA’s Apollo 9 space vehicle

504

28 March 1969. Maj Clyde Seiler, a pilot in the Colorado Air Guard’s

mobilized 120

Fighter Squadron, was killed when his F-100 crashed after

being it by enemy ground fire during a strafing mission in Vietnam.

505

March 1969. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Illinois

Air Guard’s 126

Tactical Hospital had recently deployed a 36-bed hospital

with a 30-day stock of supplies from its home station at Chicago’s O’Hare

International Airport to Kindley AFB, Bermuda aboard a C-97 Stratofreighter

and a KC-97L Stratotanker from the 126

Air Refueling Wing. That unit

airlifted 24 personnel and 25,000 pounds of equipment to Bermuda to handle

its 13-tent hospital complex. The two-week exercise was the first known

deployment of an ANG hospital unit outside the continental U.S. for training.

506

24 April 1969. The 165

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Kentucky ANG,

and its aircraft returned to the US from Itazuke Air Base, Japan ending the

rotation of ANG tactical reconnaissance flying squadrons mobilized in 1968 to

that installation.

507

10 June 1969. Members of the mobilized 127

Tactical Fighter Squadron,

Kansas ANG, returned from Korea to their home station.

508

11 June 1969. By this date, all four Air Guard tactical fighter units mobilized

in 1968 had returned from South Vietnam to the U.S. During their

deployment, they flew 24,124 sorties and accumulated 38,614 combat flying

hours. If the Air Force’s preponderantly Air National Guard (volunteers) 355

Tactical Fighter Squadron was included, those totals rose to approximately

30,000 sorties and 50,000 combat hours. ANG combat losses in South Vietnam

were seven pilots and one intelligence officer killed in action plus 14 aircraft

destroyed.

509

18 June 1969. Mobilized members of the 127

Tactical Fighter Squadron

(TFS), Kansas ANG, and the 166

TFS, Ohio ANG, were released from federal

active duty and returned to state service following their deployment to Korea.

510

June 1969. Under Operation Prime Hawk, seven combat ready Air Guard F-

100 pilots from Missouri’s 131

Tactical Fighter Group arrived in Vietnam to

beef up Air Force fighter units there. During the operation’s 139 day duration,

the ANG volunteers flew 159 combat missions and accumulated hundreds of

combat flying hours. Some of them returned home after 90 days while others

remained for 139 days.

511

September 1969. After Hurricane Camille battered the Gulf Coast, hundreds

of Air Guardsmen from 18 states as widely separated as California and New

Hampshire provided assistance, primarily by airlifting food and critically

needed supplies to stricken areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. During the

relief operation, ANG transports flew 109 missions carrying 902.6 tons of cargo

and 2,312 passengers including 200 sick and injured individuals.

512

November 1969. Beginning with units in Maine, North Dakota, and

Washington state, seven ANG fighter interceptor squadrons transitioned to

two-seat versions of McDonnell’s F-101 Voodoo.

513

December 1969. The National Guardsman magazine reported that over 100

Air Guard volunteer F-102 pilots had flown air defense missions in Europe,

Okinawa, the Philippines, and Alaska with active duty units under the

auspices of Operation Palace Alert since the Air Force launched it in June 1968.

Participating ANG pilots ranged in experience from seasoned lieutenant

colonels to recent pilot school graduates. They normally served 90-day Palace

Alert active duty tours overseas.

514

December 1969. A Colorado ANG C-54 airlifted over two tons of food and

clothing to aid needy Navajo families at that Baptist Shepherd Mission in

Farmington, New Mexico.

515

January 1970. The 147

Fighter Group, Texas ANG, opened a combat crew

training school to train F-102 pilots from across the Guard because the Air

Force was no longer doing so as it phased out the aircraft from active duty

units.

516

February 1970. Illinois’ 182

Tactical Air Support Group became the first

Air Guard unit to receive the Cessna 0-2A Super Skymaster when nine of the

brand new propeller-driven aircraft were delivered to the unit from the factory.

That aircraft equipped seven ANG units before it was phased out in 1985.

517

23-26 March 1970. Following a declaration of national emergency by President

Richard M. Nixon because of a wildcat strike by the Manhattan-Bronx Letter

Carrier’s Union, over 14,000 New York Army and Air Guardsmen along with

thousands of active duty and federal reserve forces personnel were called upon

to assist postal supervisors in making sure that the mail was delivered in the

metropolitan New York City area.

518

11-17 April 1970. Two of the three astronauts on the aborted Apollo 13 moon

landing mission were former Air Guard jet fighter pilots. Capt. Fred W. Haise,

Jr. had served in Oklahoma’s 185

Tactical Fighter Squadron (1957-1959) and

Ohio’s 164

Tactical Fighter Squadron (1959-1963). Capt. Russell L. Swigert

had been a member of Massachusetts’ 131

Fighter Interceptor Squadron

(1957-1960) and Connecticut’s 118

Fighter Interceptor Squadron (1960-1965).

Both fliers had been accepted into the astronaut program in 1966.

519

16 April 1970. The post held by Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown, the Assistant Chief,

National Guard Bureau, Air, was redesignated the Director, Air National

Guard, effective this date by a change to AR 130-5/AFR 45-2. The change in the

regulation also authorized the creation of the position of Deputy Director, Air

National Guard, who would hold a one-star rank. Brig. Gen. John J. Pesch, a

Maine Air Guardsman, was the first officer to serve in that new assignment.

520

25 April 1970. Maryland's 104th Tactical Fighter Squadron became the first

ANG unit to receive Cessna A-37Bs Dragonflies. On this date, it took delivery

of its first brand new, factory fresh Dragonflies.

521

April 1970. California's 115th Tactical Airlift Squadron, converting from C-

97A/Gs to C-130As, became the first Air Guard unit to be equipped with the

Hercules.

522

July 1970. Operation Palace Alert ended. During its approximately two-year

run, some 110 Air Guard F-102 pilots performed air defense alert duties with

Air Force fighter units in Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, the Philippines, Okinawa,

Holland, Germany, and Alaska. The ANG volunteer flyers served on tours that

lasted from 90 to 139 days.

523

26 July 1970. Two EC-121S aircraft from the Pennsylvania ANG’s 193

Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron deployed from their home station to

Korat, Thailand for Operation Commando Buzz. The aircraft served as flying

radar stations and airborne control platforms for U.S. air operations over North

Vietnam and the Gulf of Tonkin during the Vietnam War. A total of some 250

Air Guard volunteers from the 193

rotated to Thailand on 30 to 60-day tours

until the operation ended on 24 December 1970.

524

August 1970. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird adopted the Total Force

concept. It had been developed and sold in the Pentagon by Dr. Theodore

Marrs, a former Air Guardsman and Air Force Reservist who served as a senior

civilian official on his staff. Marrs based most of his Total Force ideas on Air

Force policies and practices with respect to its own reserve components.

525

31 October 1970. A team from the North Dakota Air National Guard’s 119

Fighter Group took top honors in the F-101 competition during the Air Force’s

William Tell 1970 air-to-air fighter weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

526

November 1970. The National Guard Bureau and the Air Force established

Detachment 1 of the New Mexico ANG to fly F-100Cs on target support sorties

for training soldiers at the Army Air Defense School at Fort Bliss, Texas. All of

the new Air Guard organization’s members were fulltime support personnel.

527

December 1970. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Air

Guard’s first commissioned WAF, 2

Lt. Connie Kreis, had graduated from the

Air Force’s Officer Training School and had been assigned to the finance

section of the Texas ANG’s 136

Air Refueling Wing.

528

December 1970. Personnel and two EC-121 aircraft from the Pennsylvania

Air Guard’s Tactical Electronic Warfare Group completed a six-month

deployment to Southeast Asia.

529

January 1971. Using training flights, aircrews and two ANG C-121s from

New Jersey’s 170

Aeromedical Airlift Group transported 20,620 pounds of

donated civilian clothing to Ellington AFB, North Dakota from their home

station at McGuire AFB to aid suffering members of the Brule Sioux tribe on

the Rosebud Reservation.

530

February 1971. Alabama’s 106

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron became

the first Air Guard unit to receive the McDonnell RF-4C Phantom II.

Subsequently, eight more ANG units converted to that aircraft.

531

4 April 1971. Under Operation Creek Guardlift, ANG airlift units from

Arizona, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wyoming provided

scheduled passenger service from the U.S. to Europe. During its 12 months of

existence, the operation generated 1,210 sorties carrying 25,649 passengers and

697,204 pounds of cargo.

532

April 1971. The ANG established an Officers Preparatory Academy (later

renamed the Academy of Military Science) at its Air National Guard

Professional Military Education Center at McGhee Tyson Airport, Knoxville,

Tennessee. The Academy served as a commissioning source for Air Guard

officers.

533

30 June 1971. The Air Guard took over Selfridge AFB, Michigan from the Air

Force. The installation was renamed Selfridge Air National Guard Base.

534

25 September 1971. The Air Guard activated its first Red Horse unit, the

200

Civil Engineering Squadron (Heavy Repair), which was headquartered at

Camp Perry in Port Clinton, Ohio. The unit also had a detached flight of equal

personnel strength at Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, Pennsylvania.

535

September 1971. The California Air Guard’s 146

Tactical Airlift Wing began

testing the Modular Airborne Firefighting System that had been developed for

use in C-130 Hercules transports by the Air Force Weapons Laboratory at

Kirtland AFB, New Mexico and a private contractor.

536

October 1971. Members of the California Air Guard’s 146

Tactical Airlift

Wing (TAW) employed the new Modular Airborne Firefighting System

(MAFFS), mounted in one of the unit’s C-130s, against the Romero fire in the

Las Padres National Forest. It was the first time that the MAFFS had been

used to combat a forest fire. After the U.S. Forest Service purchased MAFFS in

1974, the 146

TAW, the Wyoming ANG’s 153

Tactical Airlift Group (TAG),

and North Carolina’s 145

TAG plus an Air Force Reserve unit were equipped

with the system.

537

October 1971. Personnel and 12 F-100s from the Missouri Air Guard’s 131

Tactical Fighter Group deployed to Cigli Air Base, Turkey to participate in

NATO’s “Deep Furrow 71” exercise. Airlift of non-pilot personnel was provided

by seven ANG transports. This was the first known deployment of an Air

Guard flying unit to the Middle East for training.

538

January 1972. The first McDonnell F-4 entered Air Guard service beginning

with Illinois’ 170

Tactical Fighter Squadron.

539

March 1972. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the

Minnesota Air Guard’s 133

Training Flight had recently begun training

members of the Spanish Air Force to become instructors in the operation and

maintenance of KC-97 Stratotankers. Spain had purchased KC-97s from the

U.S. to refuel its fighter aircraft. In addition to working with Spanish, the

133

also provided transition training on the KC-97 and C-130 to other ANG

units.

540

3 April 1972. Convair’s F-106A/Bs first entered ANG service starting with

Montana’s 186

Fighter Interceptor Squadron. It was the last fighter aircraft

specifically developed by the Air Force for the air defense mission.

541

21 April 1972. Sergeant Stanford A. Green enlisted in the Montana Air

Guard’s 120

Fighter Group becoming the first person to use the Air Force’s

new Palace Chase program to transfer from active duty to a reserve component

to fulfill the remainder of their military obligation.

542

23 June 1972. In the wake of Hurricane Agnes, crews and C-130As of the

New York Air National Guard’s 139

Tactical Airlift Squadron flew 105 flood

relief missions to communities in their home state. Crews and C-121s from the

Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 171

Aeromedical Airlift Wing flew food to flood

ravaged communities in that state. Other Pennsylvania ANG units provided

medical assistance and set up a communications networks to assist in flood

recovery efforts in the Keystone State. Altogether, ANG units airlifted nearly

690,000 pounds of cargo to flood stricken communities in New York and

Pennsylvania following Hurricane Agnes.

543

2 July 1972. ANG crews and aircraft began supporting Air Force tanker task

forces overseas with aircraft and volunteer aircrews on an as needed basis.

544

July 1972. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Kansas

ANG’s 184

Tactical Training Group had recently graduated its first class of

F-105 fighter pilots from across the Air Guard.

545

18-30 September 1972. At the Air Force’s William Tell 1972 aerial weapons

competition at Tyndall AFB, Florida, teams from ANG units took top honors in

two of the three categories. Air Guardsmen from North Dakota’s 119

Fighter

Interceptor Group garnered top honors in the F-101 category while those from

Wisconsin’s 115

Fighter Interceptor Group took the laurels for the F-102

competitors.

546

September 1972. The last B-26 Invader in the Air Force inventory, an

executive support aircraft assigned to Detachment 1 of the District of Columbia

Air Guard, was turned over to the Smithsonian National Aeronautics and

Space Museum in a brief ceremony at Andrews AFB, Maryland during the Air

Force’s 25

anniversary open house at that installation.

547

6 October 1972. Two ANG fighter units opened new “dispersal” alert sites

under an Aerospace Defense Command program to strengthen the air defenses

of the southern border of the U.S. F-102s and crews from Florida’s 125

Fighter Group assumed 5 minute alert status at Naval Air Station New

Orleans in Louisiana. California’s 144

Fighter Group assumed 5 minute

alert status with two F-102s and pilots at Tucson, Arizona.

548

23 December 1972. Following a disastrous earthquake, 7 ANG KC-97Ls from

Illinois and Wisconsin hauled 70 tons of food, medical supplies, and radio parts

to Managua, Nicaragua, In addition, two ANG C-124s from Georgia and

Tennessee flew outsize cargo to that nation.

549

29 June 1973. ANG F-102s and pilots assumed five minute alert status at

Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona completing the Guard’s requirements, first

implemented on 6 October 1972, to strengthen the air defenses of the southern

border of the U.S.

550

June 1973. New Jersey’s 150

Tactical Airlift Squadron became the first ANG

unit to operate the C-7A/B Caribou. In 1977, those aircraft were transferred to

the Maryland Air Guard’s 135

Tactical Airlift Squadron which operated them

until the end of 1980.

551

18 July 1973. Former Air National Guardsman, John L. McLucas was sworn

in as the Secretary of the Air Force. Capt. McLucas had served in the

Pennsylvania ANG’s 112

Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron from May

1949 to September 1951. He remained the Air Force’s top civilian official until

23 November 1975.

552

21 August 1973. The last C-47 “Gooney Bird” was retired from service as an

ANG administrative support aircraft. It had been assigned to the Georgia Air

Guard. Beginning in 1946, the C-47 had been flown as a support aircraft by

most ANG flying units, state headquarters, and the National Guard Bureau.

From July 1957 until April 1960, the Alaska Air Guard’s 144

Air Transport

Squadron (Light) operated six C-47As as its mission aircraft.

553

23 August 1973. Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger wrote to his key

subordinates that the “Total Force is no longer a concept. It is now a Total

Force Policy which integrates the active, Guard, and reserve forces into a

homogenous whole.”

554

He added that, in the future under that policy, the

Guard and reserve forces would be used as the initial and primary sources for

augmenting the active duty armed forces.

555

August 1973. In response to a request from the National Guard Bureau, the

U.S. Army’s Institute of Heraldry drew the Air Guard’s first official emblem, a

blue shield-shaped surface with a Minuteman and two aircraft silhouettes in

the background. The scroll at the bottom of the shield had the words “Air

National Guard” written on it.

556

19 October 1973. New Mexico’s 188

Tactical Fighter Squadron became the

first of 16 Air Guard units to be equipped with the A-7D Corsair II. It received

brand new A-7D aircraft direct from the factory.

557

October 1973. A team from the Washington state Air Guard’s 141

Fighter

Interceptor Group won top honors at the Aerospace Defense Command’s third

annual weapons loading competition held at Tyndall AFB, Florida. The ANG F-

101 team clinched the Thomas K. McGhee trophy by scoring a perfect 1,000

points on its last load - the first perfect score ever achieved in the event.

558

October 1973. The National Guard Bureau established a Field Operating

Activity Center (FOAC) for the Air National Guard at Edgewood, Maryland. It

began transferring some of the functions of the ANG’s Air Operations Center,

located at the 118

Military Airlift Wing of the Tennessee Air Guard in

Nashville to Edgewood as well as some of the NGB Air Directorate’s

responsibilities to the new organization. The FOAC was responsible for NGB

functions relating to the management of aviation construction, readiness,

maintenance, and training of ANG units.

559

1 January 1974. The Air Guard assumed the responsibility for operating

the flying field at Otis AFB, Massachusetts.

560

13 February 1974. The Air Guard assumed a new mission, conducting

electronic probes and evaluations of the nation’s air defense system, when the

Kansas ANG’s 190

Bombardment Tactical Group received its first Martin-

built EB-57B Canberra aircraft. On 6 April 1974, the unit was redesignated

the 190

Defense Systems Evaluation Group (DSEG) and became an Air

Defense Command gained organization.

561

3-5 April 1974. After a tornado devastated the city of Xenia, approximately

800 Air Guardsmen from Ohio’s 178

Tactical Fighter Group, based in nearby

Springfield, were called up to help deal with the catastrophe. They protected

property from looters, conducted search and rescue operations, and assisted

with initial community cleanup efforts.

562

20 April 1974. Maj. Gen. John L. Pesch, a Maine Air Guardsmen, assumed

the post of Director, Air National Guard. He replaced Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown of

Arkansas, the longest serving head of the ANG in the NGB. General Brown had

exercised that responsibility since 6 August 1962.

563

9 June 1974. The Vermont Air Guard’s 158

Fighter Interceptor Group was

redesignated the 158

Defense Systems Evaluation Group (DSEG) and

converted from F/TF-102As to EB-57B/Es. Like the Kansas Air Guard’s 190

DSEG, its new mission was to conduct electronic tests and evaluations of the

US air defense system.

564

1 August 1974. The mission of training RF-101 pilots assigned to Air Guard

units was transferred from the 189

Tactical Reconnaissance Group, Arkansas

ANG, to the 147

Fighter Group, Texas ANG.

565

19 September 1974. The last two Douglass C-124 Globemaster IIs in the

total Air Force were phased out by the 165

Military Airlift Group, Georgia Air

Guard inventory. That change marked the temporary end of the ANG’s

participation in the strategic airlift mission.

566

1 November 1974. Teams from Air Guard units completed a clean sweep of

top honors in all three categories of the Aerospace Defense Command’s William

Tell 1974 fighter weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida. Maine’s 101

Fighter

Group won the F-101 competition while Idaho’s 124

Fighter Interceptor

Group scored tops in the F-102 category and Montana’s 120

Fighter

Interceptor Group took the laurels for F-106 squads. The Top Gun was Major

Ralph D. Townsend of Idaho’s 124

Fighter Interceptor Group.

567

December 1974. The North Dakota Air Guard’s 119

Fighter Interceptor

Group became the first ANG unit to be presented the Hughes Trophy. The

award was given annually by the Hughes Aircraft Corporation to recognize the

best qualified Air Force fighter interceptor unit in the Aerospace Defense

Command having a primary mission of air defense.

568

January 1975. Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger formally recommended

that the Air Force not merge the ANG and the Air Force Reserve. The

Department of Defense Appropriation Act of 1974 (PL 93-155) had directed

DOD to study the possibility of combining them. Schlesinger had concluded

that “The small savings realized by combining administrative headquarters

could be offset by losses in combat readiness caused by a total reorganization of

the Air Reserve Components.”

569

18 April 1975. Ohio’s 145th Air Refueling Squadron became the first Air

Guard unit to acquire a jet tanker, the KC-135A. That development was

triggered by a 1974 Defense Department decision to save money by transferring

128 older KC-135s to the Air Reserve Components.

570

1 May 1975. CMSgt. Theodore H. Jackson, a New Jersey Air Guardsman,

reported to the National Guard Bureau’s Air Directorate as the first Senior

Enlisted Advisor to the Director of the Air National Guard.

571

14 June 1975. After Congress rejected a 1974 Department of Defense proposal

to deactivate it and several other Air Guard outfits, New York’s 102

Fighter

Interceptor Squadron was redesignated the 102

Aerospace Rescue and

Recovery Squadron effective this date. To accomplish its new combat rescue

mission, the unit converted from F/TF-102As to Lockheed HC-130H’Ps and

Sikorsky HH-3Es. It was the first Air Guard rescue unit.

572

15-25 July 1975. Astronaut Deke Slayton, a former Minnesota Air

Guardsman, served as the Apollo docking module pilot of the Apollo-Soyuz Test

Project mission, a flight that culminated in the first meeting of American

astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts in space. Astronaut and former California

Air Guardsman Vance DeVoe Brand served as the Apollo command module

pilot on that mission.

573

July 1975. Pentagon officials announced that, within the next three months,

New York’s 109

Tactical Airlift Group would convert from the C-130A to the

ski-equipped C-130D and provide airlift support to Distant Early Warning

(DEW) line radar sites on Greenland’s ice cap. The unit would operate the only

ski-equipped aircraft in the Air Guard.

574

January 1976. 150 members and 16 F-100s from Ohio’s 180

Tactical

Fighter Group became the first Air Guard participants in the Air Force’s new

Red Flag exercise at Nellis AFB, Nevada.

575

7 February 1976. Air Guardsmen from New York’s 102

Aerospace Rescue

and Recovery Squadron flew their unit’s first rescue mission.

576

4 March 1976. Former Iowa Air Guardsman, Colonel George E. Day, USAF,

was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Gerald R. Ford for his personal

bravery after his F-100 Super Sabre was shot down on 26 April 1976 during a

”Misty FAC” mission over North Vietnam. After he was captured by North

Vietnamese troops, the badly wounded flyer escaped and traveled back to South

Vietnam where he was shot and `captured by Viet Cong soldiers. Day then

endured a brutal 67-month imprisonment before being released on 14 March

1973.

577

12 March 1976. A KC-135A from Ohio's 145

Air Refueling Squadron

became the first ANG tanker to participate in a Strategic Air Command (SAC)

over water air refueling. The Guard aircraft helped SAC KC-135s refuel A-7s

deploying from California to Hawaii.

578

6 April 1976. Flying ski-equipped C-130s, the New York Air Guard's 109th

Tactical Airlift Group assumed the mission of supplying radar sites in

Greenland from the Air Force.

579

1 July 1976. Ohio’s KC-135A equipped 145

Air Refueling Squadron became

the first Air National Guard unit to participate in the Strategic Air

Command’s nuclear alert force.

580

July 1976. Members of the Colorado Air Guard assisted state and local

authorities in dealing with aftermath of the Big Thompson flood.

581

10-30 August 1976. The 182

Tactical Air Support Group, Illinois Air Guard,

dispatched a complete tactical air support squadron and a direct air support

center with all functional elements to the JCS Exercise Brave Shield XIV.

582

October 1976. Hawaii’s 199

Fighter Interceptor Squadron retired the last F-

102A Delta Dagger in Air Guard service.

583

21 November 1976. During the William Tell Weapons Meet 1976 at Tyndall

AFB, Florida, a team from the Montana Air Guard’s 120

Fighter Interceptor

Group won top honors in the F-106 category while one from the Oregon Air

Guard’s 142

Fighter Interceptor Group garnered the laurels in the F-101

category. Major Bradford A Newell, a pilot with Oregon’s 142

Fighter

Interceptor Group, was the competition’s Top Gun.

584

1 February 1977. Maj. Gen. John T. Guice, an Arizona Air Guardsman,

became the Director of the Air National Guard. General Guice was the only

graduate of the United States Military Academy to hold that assignment.

585

1 February 1977. To separate operational activities from NGB staff functions,

the Air National Guard Support Center was activated at Andrews AFB,

Maryland as a named activity under the control of the Director, ANG.

586

28 April 1977. Operation Creek Party, the ANG volunteer KC-97L tanker

rotation in Germany, was terminated after ten years. During the operation, Air

Guardsmen flew 6,512 sorties, completed 47,207 aerial refueling hookups, and

off-loaded 137,398,620 pounds of fuel. The operation demonstrated that the Air

Guard could sustain a significant mission overseas for a long period without

resorting to a politically-sensitive mobilization and established a template for

the widespread use of volunteer rotations by the Air Reserve Components in

the future.

587

21 May 1977. At the annual dinner of the Order of Daedalians in Denver,

Colorado, the Air Force presented the Air National Guard with the 1976 Major

General Benjamin D. Foulois Memorial Award for having the most effective

aircraft accident prevention program of all of its major commands. During

1976, the ANG experienced an all-time low (to that point) for it major aircraft

accident rate of 3.2 per 100,000 flight hours. It was the first time that an Air

Reserve Component had won the safety award.

588

July 1977. ANG units began participating in the Strategic Air Command’s

permanent tanker task force at RAF Mildenhall in the United Kingdom. Each

tasked unit furnished a KC-135 and an aircrew at that location for two

weeks.

589

July 1977. After a flash flood killed over 70 people in seven western

Pennsylvania counties, members of the Air Guard’s 271

Combat

Communications Squadron and its 112

Tactical Control Squadron provided

around-the-clock communications between flood-ravaged Johnstown and the

Adjutant General’s office. ANG assistance was needed because the flood had

destroyed the local phone firm’s main switching facility in the flooded region.

590

August 1977. A team from the California Air Guard’s 144

Fighter

Interceptor Wing took top honors in the F-106 category during the 1977 North

American Defense Command Weapons Loading Competition at Tyndall AFB,

Florida. The winning team was presented the General Thomas K. McGehee

Trophy for its victory.

591

October 1977. Operation Volant Oak (later Coronet Oak) was launched at

Howard Air Base, Panama. ANG and Air Force Reserve C-130 units provided

aircraft and volunteer crews on 15-day rotations. Their mission was to provide

theater airlift support to the United States Southern Command.

592

October 1977. The Colorado Air Guard’s 140

Tactical Fighter Wing was

the first ANG unit to participate in operational testing of the ground laser

locator designator.

593

16 December 1977. Col. James E. Cuddihee, commander of the New

Hampshire Air Guard’s 157

Air Refueling Group, became the senior active

military aviator in the U.S. Air Force when he logged his 20,000

flying hour

while piloting one of his unit’s KC-135s. Col. Cuddihee had enlisted in the

Army Air Forces in 1942 and received his wings in January 1942. He had joined

the New Hampshire ANG in 1948.

594

3 January 1978. A C-130 and crew from California's 146th Tactical Airlift

Wing flew the ANG's first Volant Oak mission. The flight was from Howard AB,

Panama Canal Zone to Bogota, Columbia.

595

27 January 1978. 2

Lt. Marilyn Koon, a former North Dakota ANG member,

became the Air Guard’s first female pilot. She accepted an assignment as a KC-

135 pilot in the 161

Air Refueling Group, Arizona

ANG upon earning her

wings.

596

1 April 1978. Maj. Gen. John T. Guice, Director of the Air National Guard,

reported that 97 percent of its units were combat ready as of this date. That

was the ANG’s highest ever reported level of combat readiness up to that point

in its history.

597

26 June 1978. The Secretary of the Air Force, John C. Stetson, approved a

recommendation to establish a “Fighter Weapons Office” at the Arizona ANG’s

facility at Tucson. Its mission was to participate in the development of fighter

tactics and weapons delivery procedures for aircraft unique to the Air Reserve

Components.

598

30 June 1978. The ANG Professional Military Education Center at Knoxville,

Tennessee was renamed the I. G. Brown Professional Military Education

Center in honor of the former Director of the Air National Guard (August 1962-

April 1974) who had been instrumental in founding that organization.

599

30 June 1978. The 177

Fighter Interceptor Group, New Jersey Air Guard,

began pulling a detached air defense alert mission at Naval Air Station New

Orleans in addition to their normal home station alert. The detached alert

mission ended on 1 September 1978.

600

June 1978. The 181

Air Refueling Squadron, Texas ANG, phased out the

last Boeing KC-97L in the Guard’s inventory. The KC-97 had been operated by

10 Air Guard units since it first entered service with them in 1961.

601

June 1978. Frances Myra Holt Arnold, a traditional Guardmember assigned to

the Texas ANG's state headquarters, became the first woman in Air Guard

history to be promoted to the rank of chief master sergeant.

602

30 September 1978. Under Operation Coronet Cove, elements of the Iowa Air

Guard’s 132

Tactical Fighter Wing began rotating personnel and A-7 aircraft

to the Panama Canal Zone on short voluntary active duty tours. Their mission

was to provide fighter protection to the canal zone and train with US Army

forces. ANG A-7 units picked up the rotation from Tactical Air Command units

that had been performing it since 1971. It was the first overseas volunteer

rotation by ANG fighter units and lasted until 31 January 1990.

603

7 October 1978. A team from the Texas Air Guard’s Fighter Interceptor

Group took top honors in the F-101 category at the Air Defense Command’s

William Tell 1978 worldwide air-to-air weapons meet at Tyndall AFB,

Florida.

604

November 1978. ANG C-130s and volunteer crews from Missouri’s 139

Tactical Airlift Group and Oklahoma’s 137

Tactical Airlift Group which had

been deployed to Panama on a Volant Oak rotation, participated in recovery

operations following the tragedy of mass suicides at Jonestown, Guyana. They

flew 111 hours while airlifting 208 passengers and 77,500 pounds of cargo.

Altogether, 51 ANG aircrew members and crew chiefs flew into Guyana.

605

February 1979. Over 500 Air Guardsmen from the Montana Air Guard’s

120

Fighter Group were activated to assist state authorities and Army

Guardsmen in manning a prison, an alcoholic treatment center, and a school for

the mentally handicapped when state employees went on strike.

606

1-17 March 1979. Air Guardsmen from Alabama’s 226

Combat

Communications Group and Hawaii’s 201

Combat Communications Group

deployed to the Republic of Korea to participate in Team Spirit 79. It was the

first field training exercise involving the Combined Forces Command, the newly

integrated command structure for U.S. and Republic of Korea forces in the

latter nation.

607

30 March 1979. Pennsylvania Air Guardsmen assigned to the 193

Tactical

Electronic Warfare Group at Harrisburg International Airport began providing

local transportation to members of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

and White House teams that descended on the area to deal with the nuclear

reactor incident at the nearby Three Mile Island power plant. Members of the

ANG unit’s maintenance squadron logged 310 hours parking, unloading, and

servicing transient aircraft during the incident. Personnel assigned to the

193

’s field maintenance shop built special shipping containers, racks, and

detector shields for use by NRC personnel.

608

30 April 1979. On this date, the 103

Fighter Wing, Connecticut ANG, became

the first Air Guard unit to receive the A-10 (Tail No. 78-756).

609

14 May 1979. The last Air Guard C-121 type aircraft, an EC-121 “Coronet

Solo” variant operated by Pennsylvania’s 193

Tactical Electronic Warfare

Squadron, was retired from service and flown to the Military Aircraft Storage

and Disposition Center at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona.

610

1 June 1979. Effective this date, the Air National Guard Support Center at

Andrews AFB, Maryland was inactivated as a named activity. Concurrently,

Headquarters, Air National Guard Support Center was constituted as a direct

reporting unit and assigned to the U.S. Air Force. That action also designated

the ANG Director as an Air Staff member having a dual appointment as the

Commander of the Air National Guard Support Center and the Director of the

Air National Guard. The center continued to develop, manage, and execute

ANG programs developed by the National Guard Bureau and higher

authorities.

611

23 June 1979. The 137

Tactical Airlift Wing received four new C-130Hs at

Will Rogers Airport in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. That was the first time that

an Air National Guard airlift unit had been equipped with a factory fresh

transport aircraft.

612

June 1979. With the arrival of two T-43 aircraft at Buckley ANG Base, the

Colorado Air Guard announced that it would be assuming the mission of

supporting the U.S. Air Force Academy’s Airmanship Program.

613

1 July 1979. Operating Location AA of the Colorado ANG at Buckley Air

National Guard Base, equipped with two T-43As, officially assumed United

States Air Force Academy Airmanship program responsibilities.

614

19 July 1979. A C-130 and aircrew from the Tennessee Air Guard’s 164

Tactical Airlift Group, deployed to Panama for Operation Volant Oak, rescued

Lawrence A. Pezzullo, U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua, and his party of 34 from

Managua’s airport just hours before the country fell to the Marxist Sandinista

rebels. It was the last plane to depart before the airport was closed.

615

July 1979. The National Guard magazine reported that Air Guard PRIME

BEEF Civil Engineer units had completed a six month deployment to Howard

AFB in the Panama Canal Zone to assist their Air Force counterparts in

completing construction and other projects on that installation. The units

rotating to Panama were the: 188

Civil Engineering Flight (CEF), Arkansas;

131

CEF, Missouri; 143

CEF, Rhode Island; 174

CEF and 106

CEF, New

York; 114

CEF, South Dakota; and the 156

CEF, Puerto Rico.

616

August 1979. The Maine Air Guard’s 101st Air Refueling Wing (ARW) hosted

a tanker task force (TTF) to support the movement of RF-4Cs from

Minnesota’s 148

Tactical Reconnaissance Group to West Germany during

Operation Coronet Bridle. KC-135 tankers from the 101

as well as Ohio’s

160

Air Refueling Group, Pennsylvania’s 171

ARW, and Strategic Air

Command units participated in the operation. It was the first time that an

ANG unit had hosted a TTF.

617

28 September 1979. The Maryland Air Guard’s 175

Tactical Fighter Group

received its first A-10A, a brand new aircraft (Tail Number 78-0636) fresh from

the factory.

618

September 1979. Elements of the Colorado Air Guard’s 140

Tactical

Fighter Wing deployed to Merifon Air Base, Turkey for 30 days with their A-7

Corsair II fighters to participate in NATO exercise “Display Determination.”

It was the first ANG unit deploy under “bare base” conditions. During the

exercise, only water and a runway were provided to the ANG unit.

619

November 1979. The last ANG F-100 was retired to the Military Aircraft

Storage and Disposition Center in Arizona by Indiana’s 113

Tactical Fighter

Squadron. Super Sabres had equipped 21 squadrons since their Air Guard

debut in April 1958.

620

27 December 1979. Responding to a call for help from a commercial sailing

vessel, the John F. Leavitt, two Sikorsky HH-3 Jolly Green Giant helicopters

and paramedics from the New York Air Guard’s 102

Air Rescue and Recovery

Squadron saved nine crewmen whose vessel was sinking in storm tossed

Atlantic Ocean about 260 miles southeast of the unit’s base at the Suffolk

County Airport on Long Island. The HH-3s were refueled enroute shortly

before sighting the sinking ship. All aircraft plus crewmen from the Leavitt

and the Air Guardsmen returned safely to the Suffolk County Airport after the

eight hour mission.

621

1 January 1980. The fighter interceptor squadrons (FISs) defending the

continental U.S. consisted of 10 ANG FISs pulling home station alert and 2

others with detached alert site responsibilities. On the active duty side, seven

Air Force FISs pulled home station alert and six of those same units had

detached alert site responsibilities.

622

3 May 1980. The 155

Tactical Reconnaissance Group, Nebraska ANG

deployed eight RF-4Cs to Eskisehir Air Base, Turkey for two weeks to

participate in Dawn Patrol, a NATO exercise.

623

7 May 1980. The first unit of the Virgin Islands ANG, the 285

Combat

Communications Flight, was activated on this date.

624

June 1980. For the first time in the history of the U.S. military reserve

components, training was conducted with Japanese air units from the latter’s

home soil and in their skies. That distinction belonged to personnel plus F-4C

and C-130 aircraft of the Hawaii Air National Guard’s 154

Composite Group

that deployed to Misawa Air Base to participate for a “Cope North” exercise.

625

June 1980. National Guard magazine reported that the Tactical Air

Command had recently given the Texas Air Guard’s 149

Fighter Group the

primary responsibility for developing tactics and training programs for use by

other ANG units to conduct the Tactical Air Support for Maritime Operations

(TASMO) mission.

626

16 October 1980. The California Air Guard’s 144

Fighter Interceptor Wing,

equipped with F-106s, emerged as the overall team winner of the William Tell

1980 fighter interceptor weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida. An F-101

aircrew from the Texas ANG’s 147

Fighter Interceptor Group won the “Top

Gun” award.

627

15 November 1980. Personnel from the New Mexico ANG’s 150

Tactical

Fighter Group and eight of their A-7s arrived at Egypt’s Cairo West Airport for

“Bright Star,” an exercise sponsored by the Rapid Deployment Joint Task

Force. It marked the beginning of Air Guard training deployments to the

Middle East outside of Turkey to prepare for possible U.S. military intervention

in that critical region.

628

26-29 November 1980. Employing the Modular Airborne Fire Fighting

System, C-130s from the California Air Guard’s 115

Tactical Airlift Squadron

(TAS) and the Wyoming Air Guard’s 187

TAS flew 169 sorties and dropped

497,000 gallons of fire retardant on a rash of fires in southern California during

Operation Volant Forrest.

629

November 1980. National Guard magazine reported that the Mississippi Air

Guard’s 172

Tactical Airlift Group had recently received eight brand new C-

130 Hercules transports to replace the C-130Es which it had operated since

1973.

630

February 1981. The 169th Tactical Fighter Group, South Carolina ANG,

began converting to F-16As, the first air reserve components unit to do so.

631

1 April 1981. Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway, a Kentucky Air Guardsman,

became the Director of the Air National Guard.

632

April 1981. Personnel and six A-10As from the Maryland Air Guard’s 175

Tactical Fighter Group deployed to Hahn Air Base, Germany to participate in

Checkered Flag for the first time. The latter was a program developed by the

Tactical Air Command to minimize the time it would take individual fighter

units to deploy to preplanned specific collocated operating bases in Europe to

prepare for a possible war against the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies.

Under Checkered Flag, the 175

deployed to its Hahn three times during the

1980s.

633

June 1981. KC-135s, aircrews and maintenance personnel from the Arizona

Air Guard’s 161

Air Refueling Group conducted their annual training at Guam

and Diego Garcia. They offloaded 495,800 pounds of fuel while flying 64 hours.

It was the first time that a SAC-gained ANG tanker unit had deployed to a

Pacific Ocean or an Indian Ocean tanker task force location.

634

21 July 1981. The Headquarters, Guam Air National Guard was activated on

this date.

635

August 1981. National Guard magazine reported that, under the auspices of

Project Season, a limited number of active duty Air Force undergraduate pilot

training graduates would be assigned to selected Air Guard units for three-year

tours. This initiative was a total force solution to the problem of an

increasingly inadequate number of cockpits in active duty operational units to

develop its fledgling aviators into experienced fliers. Flying C-130As with the

Tennessee Air Guard’s 105

Tactical Airlift Squadron, 2

Lt. Ronnie C. Perry

was the first Air Force pilot to participate in the project. He was a native of the

“Volunteer State.”

636

3-10 September 1981. After a break of 19 years, the Tactical Air Command

reinstated its worldwide air-to-ground gunnery competition, “Gunsmoke`,” at

Nellis AFB, Nevada. The Colorado Air National Guard’s 140

Tactical Fighter

wing, equipped with A-7s, won the “Top Overall Team” honors and one of its

pilots, Lt. Col. Wayne L. Schultz, garnered “Top Gun” honors.

637

September 1981. F-4Cs and personnel from the Texas Air Guard’s 149

Tactical Fighter Group deployed to Keflavik, Iceland to participate in

CORONET CRUISE, an exercise sponsored by NATO’s Atlantic Command. It

tested the ability of two U.S. Navy carrier task forces to attack through the

waterway that runs past Greenland and Iceland toward Great Britain. The

carrier task forces were opposed by the Texans and submarines. The 149

had

been developing and testing aerial tactics to use against surface warships for

two years for the Tactical Air Command.

638

November 1981. National Guard magazine reported that the Air Guard had

established a new type of PRIME BEEF civil engineering unit, the Command

Staff Augmentation team, commonly known as the CF-4 team. Each of the

three initial ANG CF-4 teams was deployable worldwide on a 28-hour alert

basis to augment major active duty command staffs during wartime

operations.

639

November 1981. National Guard magazine reported eight pilots and their

A-10s from the New York Air Guard’s 174

Tactical Fighter Wing had become

the first Air Reserve Components’ contingent to deploy overseas in the

Thunderbolt II. During their 17 days in Germany, the Air Guardsmen flew 237

sorties accumulating 449 hours of flight time in a CORONET SAIL exercise.

640

November 1981. Elements of the West Virginia ANG’s 130

Tactical Airlift

Group and their C-130Es deployed to the Middle East to participate in exercise

“Bright Star” conducted by the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force in Egypt,

Somalia, Sudan, and Oman. They returned to home station in December 1981

after “Bright Star” ended.

641

1 January 1982. The Vermont Air Guard’s 158

Defense Systems Evaluation

Group was redesignated the 158

Tactical Fighter Group and converted to

McDonnell F-4Ds. It had retired the last EB-57s in the ANG’s inventory during

the winter of 1981.

642

February 1982. National Guard magazine reported that a team from the

Montana Air Guard’s 120

Fighter Interceptor Group had recently been

awarded the Lt. Gen. Thomas K. McGehee trophy for winning the 1981

NORAD/Tactical Air Command Weapons Loading Competition at Tyndall AFB,

Florida.

643

17-20 March 1982. To protect Fort Wayne, Indiana against the rapidly rising

flood waters of the three rivers that converged within its boundaries, Governor

Robert Orr mobilized the Air Guard’s 122

Tactical Fighter Wing and elements

of Army Guard units to assist local authorities. Air Guardsmen focused on

providing supervisors to the efforts to build up the existing system of dikes

that protected the city. They also established a vital communications network

that linked the workers on the dikes with the unit’s home station at Fort

Wayne Municipal Airport and the city’s downtown command post. Their efforts

were successful and the dikes held.

644

July 1982. After being modernized with more powerful, quieter JT3D engines

and other engineering improvements in the new KC-135E configuration at

Boeing’s Wichita, Kansas plant, the “City of Mesa” tanker (Tail Number 57-

1496) was returned to the Arizona Air Guard’s 161

Aerial Refueling Group.

The aircraft was the first ANG KC-135 to be modified into the new

configuration.

645

July 1982. Colorado Air Guardsmen assisted state and local authorities in

coping with the aftermath of the Estes Park flood which was caused by a

break in the Lawn Lake dam.

646

12-30 October 1982. Lt. Col. Robert Boehringer of the California Air Guard’s

144

Fighter Interceptor Wing won the “Top Gun” award in the F-106 category

at the William Tell 1982 Air Force air-to-air weapons meet at Tyndall AFB,

Florida. Air Guard weapons loading teams from Montana’s 120

Fighter

Interceptor Group (FIG) and Michigan’s 191

FIG took home top honors in the

F-106 and F-4 categories respectively. The 144

had the top F-106 maintenance

team while the 191

scored that honor in the F-4 category.

647

11 November 1982. Astronaut and former California ANG fighter pilot

Vance DeVoe Brand served as commander of the Space Shuttle Columbia

(STS-5) launched this date on the first fully operational flight of the Shuttle

Transportation System. His mission returned safely to earth on 16 November

1982.

648

24 November 1982. In response to Hurricane Iwa, which did hundreds of

millions of dollars worth of damage to Hawaii, members of the Air Guard’s

202

Air Traffic Control Flight on Kauai maintained the only official

communications channel that remained open between that island and the rest

of the world during the worst of the storm. After the storm ended, the Hawaii

Air Guard’s C-7 cargo plane flew the first of 38 missions carry equipment and

supplies to the island of Kauai. Air Guardsmen also provided generators from

Oahu, Maui, and the big island of Hawaii to Kauai to pump water and help

maintain emergency services.

649

16 December 1982. Col. Russell C. Davis, Commander of the 113

Tactical

Fighter Wing, District of Columbia ANG, was promoted to brigadier general

becoming the first African-American to hold that rank in the Air Guard’s

history.

650

December 1982. Maj. Byron K. Lichtenberg, an Air Guard A-10 pilot

assigned to the 104

Tactical Fighter Group at Westfield, Massachusetts, was

selected by NASA to be the payload specialist on the first Spacelab shuttle

mission. Dr. Lichtenberg was a biomedical engineer and an MIT research

scientist.

651

December 1982. Over 100 Colorado Air Guardsmen were mobilized to

assist civil authorities in dealing with the emergency situations caused by a

blizzard.

652

18-21 March 1983. The Hawaii Air National Guard’s 154

Composite Group

deployed personnel from its fighter squadron as well as its aircraft control and

warning squadron plus six F-4Cs to South Korea for the Team Spirit exercise.

The 201

Combat Communications Group, Hawaii ANG, and the 251

Combat

Communications Group, Ohio ANG, also sent personnel and equipment to

South Korea for the exercise.

653

March 1983. The 189

Tactical Training Flight and the Reconnaissance

Weapons School were organized by the Idaho ANG at Boise’s Gowen Field to

train ANG RF-4C replacement crews and to teach advanced tactics to ANG RF-

4C crews.

654

1 April 1983. The Headquarters, Virgin Islands Air National Guard, was

activated on this date.

655

25 May 1983. Georgia’s 116

Tactical Fighter Wing at Dobbins AFB

retired the last F-105 in ANG service.

656

13 June 1983. A groundbreaking ceremony was held at Andrews AFB,

Maryland to mark the start of construction on a new building to house the Air

National Guard Support Center. Representative Marjorie Holt (R-Maryland)

and Dr. Edward Philbin, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve

Affairs, shared the honor of scooping out the first shovel of dirt from the

construction site. Holt had been instrumental in shepherding the project

through the Congress.

657

2-15 October 1983. During the Air Force’s Gunsmoke 1983 air-to-ground

gunnery competition at Nellis AFB, Nevada, Maj. Charlie Betts of the

Colorado Air Guard’s 140

Tactical Fighter Wing was the “Top Gun” in the A-7

category while the team of Lt. Col. Ed Cole and Maj. Kan H.C. Varnavore of

the 188

Tactical Fighter Group, Arkansas ANG, claimed that honor in the F-4

category. An Air Guard team from the Ohio’s 121

Tactical Fighter Wing took

the top maintenance award.

658

October 1983. Seventeen volunteers from the Pennsylvania ANG’s 193

Special Operations Squadron flew an EC-130 Combat Solo aircraft to

participate in Operation Urgent Fury, the U.S. invasion of Grenada. In

addition, two ANG KC-135s of the Arkansas Air Guard’s 189

Air Refueling

Group refueled an E-3A AWACS and an F-15 fighter enroute to Grenada for

that military action.

659

28 November 1983. Astronaut Byron K. Lictenberg, a Massachusetts Air

Guard A-10 pilot, was a member of the Spacelab -1 crew which was launched

into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-9) on this date. The

mission lasted 10days. Lichtenberg was the first NASA payload specialist to be

launched on a space mission.

660

17 December 1983. Flying a 25-year old F-106B Delta Dart, Maj. Maurice

Eldredge and 1

Lt. Jeffrey Thomas of the New Jersey Air Guard’s 177

Fighter Interceptor Group set a new world speed record of 710 mph over a 461

nautical mile course between Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio and Kitty Hawk,

North Carolina. Their flight - - which lasted 44 minutes, 45 seconds at an

altitude of 35,000 feet - - was undertaken to help commemorate the 80

anniversary of the Wright brothers’ first successful powered flight.

661

1 February 1984. The 195

Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Arizona

ANG, was granted federal recognition at Tucson International Airport. Its

mission was to train Air Guard pilots to fly A-7Ds.

662

1 February 1984. The 177

Fighter Squadron, Kansas ANG, was activated

at McConnell AFB as an F-4D pilot replacement training unit.

663

1 February 1984. The 114

Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Oregon

ANG, was extended federal recognition at Kingsley Field, Klamath Falls. Its

mission was to serve as an F-4C replacement training unit for weapons

systems officers and pilots assigned to Air Guard fighter interceptor

squadrons.

664

3 February 1984. Astronaut and former California Air Guard fighter pilot

Vance DeVoe Brand commanded the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-41B) that

was launched on this date. The mission landed safely on 11 February 1984. It

was Brand’s third space flight.

665

4 February 1984. The Air Guard’s Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center

(AATTC) officially began operations at Rosecrans ANG Base, home of the

Missouri ANG’s 139

Tactical Airlift Group. The AATC’s mission was to

provide academic and flying training tactics instruction to airlift aircrews of

the ANG, AFRES, Air Force, other U.S. military services, and allies.

666

6 April 1984. Astronaut Terry J. Hart, a Texas Air Guard F-4C pilot, served

as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-41C) which was

launched on this date. The Challenger landed safely on 13 April 1984.

667

May 1984. National Guard magazine reported that the 190

Air Refueling

Group of Kansas had become the first Air Guard unit ever to win the U.S. Air

Force’s Saunders Trophy for the best overall performance by an air refueling

unit during the Strategic Air Command’s annual navigation/bombing

competition.

668

May 1984. Air Guard and Air Force Reserve C-130 units deployed to Zaragosa

Air Base, Spain to participate in exercise Distant Hammer’84. It was the first

time the two forces had worked together with an “interfly” agreement that

enabled their personnel to operate each others’ aircraft.

669

30 November 1984. Lt. Col. Ned M. Cole, Jr. of the 152

Tactical Control

Group, New York ANG, traveled a record setting distance of approximately

10,400 miles from Peking, China to Syracuse, New York to participate in a unit

training assembly.

670

January 1985. Colorado Air Guard T-43 aircraft were used to send medical

and other supplies to famine victims in North Africa.

671

May 1985. Nine ANG KC-135s provided air refueling support to 36 Air Guard

A-7s which deployed to the United Kingdom for Exercise Coronet Buffalo. The

ANG tankers were augmented by Air Force KC-135s and KC-10s.

672

May 1985. National Guard magazine reported that a C-130 and aircrew from

the Tennessee Air Guard’s 164

Tactical Airlift Group had recently

transported over 4,000 blankets for the Defense Department’s efforts to help

provide relief for a famine in Ethiopia and the Sudan. They were joined by

ANG aircrews and C-130s from Colorado, Maryland, California, Oklahoma, and

West Virginia. The Air Guardsmen delivered relief supplies to collection points

in the U.S. from which they were flown to Africa by Air Force jet transports.

673

19 June 1985. The first McDonnell Douglass F-15 Eagle was formally

accepted by the Air Guard in ceremonies at Alvin Callendar Field, Belle

Chasse, Louisiana, home of the 159

Tactical Fighter Group. During its

conversion, the Louisiana ANG unit exchanged its F-4Cs for both F-15As and

F-15Bs.

674

2 July 1985. The 137

Military Airlift Group, New York ANG, received its

first C-5A marking the return of the Air Guard to the strategic airlift mission.

The unit converted from the smallest plane in the Air Force inventory, the

Cessna O-2A, to the largest, Lockheed’s Galaxy.

675

26 July 1985. The Air National Guard Support Center received formal

recognition with the dedication of its new headquarters building at Andrews

AFB, Maryland. Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway, the Director of the Air National

Guard, hosted the ceremony.

676

6-15 August 1985. The 108

Air Refueling Squadron (ARS), Illinois and the

126

ARS, Wisconsin provided 53 Air Guard personnel and 4 KC-135E

tankers to Exercise Bright Star 85. They operated from a base at Cairo,

Egypt.

677

27 August 1985. Astronaut John M. Lounge, an F-4C pilot in the Texas Air

Guard, served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-51I)

which went into orbit this date. The mission returned to earth on 3 September

1985.

678

15 October 1985. The 148

Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Arizona

ANG, was organized in Tucson as an F-16A/B replacement training unit. It was

assigned to the Arizona Air Guard’s 162

Tactical Fighter Group.

679

24 December 1985. The Arizona Air Guard’s new 148

Tactical Fighter

Training Squadron received its first two F-16s. The squadron’s mission was to

train Guard and Reserve pilots to fly F-16s.

680

1 April 1986. Under Operation Creek Klaxon, the ANG established an air

defense alert detachment at Ramstein Air Base, Germany while the Air Force’s

Tactical Fighter Wing converted from F-4Es to F-16s. A rotational force of

8 F-4D aircraft and 96 personnel from ANG F-4 interceptor and general

purpose fighter units performed the air defense alert commitment. Altogether,

the all-Air Guard operation included personnel and equipment from 22 F-4, 7

air refueling, and 3 airlift units. The volunteer ANG rotation ended on 1 April

1987.

681

April 1986. During a scheduled rotation to Great Britain, a KC-135 and crew

from Washington state's 141st Air Refueling Group supported Operation

Eldorado Canyon, the bombing of suspected terrorist facilities in Libya.

682

April 1986. F-4Ds and 240 personnel from the District of Columbia Air

Guard’s 113

Tactical Fighter Wing deployed to Keflavik Naval Air Station,

Iceland for two-weeks of training with their active duty Air Force counterparts

who were stationed at that base.

683

1-7 June 1986. At Pope AFB, the C-130B equipped 145

Tactical Airlift

Group, North Carolina, became the first Air National Guard unit to win the

Military Airlift Command’s tactical airdrop competition, “Volant Rodeo 86.”

684

June 1986. Personnel and A-10s from the Maryland Air Guard’s 175

Tactical

Airlift Group deployed to George AFB, California to participate in exercise Air

Warrior for the first time. They provided close air support for friendly or ‘Blue

Forces’ at the Army’s National Training Center (NTC) at Ft. Irwin, California.

The NTC had been developed by the Army after the Vietnam War to provide

highly realistic combat training like the Air Force’s Red Flag exercises at Nellis

AFB, Nevada.

685

12 July 1986. Gen. Duane H. Cassidy, commander of the Military Airlift

Command, piloted the Air Guard’s first C-141B Starlifter to Allen C. Thompson

Field, Mississippi where he turned the aircraft over to Governor Bill Allain for

use by the 183

Military Airlift Squadron. The latter organization was the first

ANG unit to convert to the StarLifter.

686

1 October 1986. A new tanker unit, the 168

Air Refueling Squadron, was

extended federal recognition in the Alaska ANG at Eielson AFB. It was

equipped with 4 KC-135Es.

687

12-15 October 1986. During the Air Force’s William Tell 1986 air-to-air

weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida, a team from the North Dakota Air

Guard’s 119

Fighter Interceptor Group (FIG) won the F-4 category while an

aircrew consisting of Capt. Larry Kemp and Maj. George Tutt of the Oregon

ANG’s 142

FIG earned the “Top Gun” title in that same category. Oregon’s

142

FIG also carried off the top maintenance team award in its category while

North Dakota’s 119

FIG had the best weapons load team in its category.

688

November 1986. Maj. Patrick M. O’Rorke and Capt. Jay. T. Stevenson of

the Idaho Air National Guard’s 190

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron won

the top aircrew designation at the U.S. Air Force’s first Reconnaissance Air

Meet.

689

5 April 1987. Detachment 1 of the Florida Air Guard’s 125

Fighter

Interceptor Group, located at Homestead AFB, Florida, scrambled its new F-16

Fighting Falcons for the first time in the air defense alert mission that the unit

had assumed on April 1

690

10 April 1987. John F. Lehman, Jr., Secretary of the Navy, resigned effective

this date. Lehman had begun his military career as a member of the

Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 111

Tactical Air Support Group clinic’s from 1965 to

1968, serving as a medical administrator trainee. He had assumed the Navy’s

top post on 5 February 1981.

691

1 July 1987. The 161

Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Kansas ANG,

received federal recognition. It was an F-16A/B replacement training unit

assigned to the 184

Tactical Fighter Group.

692

18 September 1987. Following a rollout ceremony at the Beech Aircraft

Corporation’s headquarters in Wichita, the ANG took delivery of the first of six

brand new Beechcraft C-12J Huron mission support aircraft. The new aircraft

replaced Convair C-131s. The first C-12J was assigned to the Kansas Air

Guard’s 184

Tactical Fighter Group.

693

22 September 1987. The ANG Fighter Weapons Office at Tucson, Arizona

was renamed the ANG/AFRES Test Center. It worked with U.S. Air Force

organizations to establish tactics and weapons requirements for the ANG and

the Air Force Reserve as well as test and evaluate some equipment for possible

use on weapons systems operated by the Air Reserve Components.

694

4-17 October 1987. Capt. Dean McDavid of the Colorado Air Guard’s 140

Tactical Fighter Wing earned “Top Gun” honors in the A-7 category during the

Air Force’s worldwide Gunsmoke 1987 air-to-ground gunnery competition at

Nellis AFB, Nevada.

695

12 January 1988. The commander of First Air Force recommended the

elimination of air sovereignty alert at most sites along the U.S. border with

Canada. The sites he proposed eliminating – all operated by ANG units -- were

located at: Burlington International Airport (IAP), Vermont; Niagara Falls,

New York; Selfridge ANG Base, Michigan; Duluth IAP, Minnesota; Hector

Field, North Dakota; and Great Falls IAP, New York.

696

January 1988. New York's 109th Tactical Airlift Group sent aircrews and

ski-equipped C-130s to New Zealand to participate in Operation Deep Freeze.

They backed up the Navy and prepared to assume the latter's mission of

supporting the National Science Foundation in Antarctica.

697

August 1988. New Jersey’s 119

Fighter Interceptor Squadron retired the

last F-106s operated by an Air Guard unit and began converting to F-16A/Bs.

Since its Guard debut in 1972, Delta Darts had equipped six ANG

squadrons.

698

12 September 1988. After Hurricane Gilbert devastated Jamaica on this

date, C-5As from the New York Air Guard’s 105

Military Airlift Group

transported almost 300,000 pounds of food, medical and building supplies, and

clothing to the island on three separate missions. The Maryland Air Guard’s

135

Tactical Airlift Group flew approximately 20,000 pounds of nonperishable

food to Jamaica on a training mission in one of its C-130Bs.

699

15 September 1988. First Air Force reported that CINCNORD had formal

agreements with 12 states to order ANG air defense units to active duty. The

states were: California, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,

Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, and Vermont.

That authority had been delegated to CINCNORAD by the Secretary of the Air

Force.

700

29 September 1988. Astronaut and former Texas Air Guard fighter pilot

John M. Lounge was launched into orbit as a crew member aboard the Space

Shuttle Discovery (STS-26). The shuttle landed on 3 October 1988. It was

Lounge’s second space flight.

701

1 November 1988. Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey, a South Dakota Air

Guardsman, became the Director of the Air National Guard. He was a Vietnam

combat veteran and had served as the Adjutant General of his state.

702

1 November 1988. After completing its conversion from F-106A/Bs to F-

16A/Bs, the 119

Fighter Interceptor Squadron, New Jersey ANG, resumed

its air defense alert duties.

703

11 December 1988. Starting on this date, Air Guardsmen flying C-141Bs

from Mississippi’s 172

Military Airlift Group (MAG) and C-5As from New

York’s 105

MAG participated in an airlift of clothing, food, and supplies to

Armenia after a powerful earthquake devastated that region of the Soviet

Union.

704

January 1989. In preparation for taking over the mission from the U.S.

Navy, aircrews and two ski-equipped C-130s from the New York Air Guard’s

109

Tactical Airlift Group flew their unit’s first missions to McMurdo Station

in the Antarctic to support the National Science Foundation in Operation Deep

Freeze.

705

January 1989. National Guard magazine reported that NASA had selected

the New York Air Guard’s 106

Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Group as the

lead rescue agency for the space shuttle program.

706

February 1989. The 113

Tactical Fighter Wing, District of Columbia ANG,

deployed 10 F-4s and 120 personnel to Puerto Rico to play the aggressor role in

an 8-day exercise against U.S. Navy forces known as FLEETEX ’89.

707

1 March 1989. The 114

Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Oregon ANG,

received its first F-16 upgraded to an air defense configuration. The unit had

converted from F-4Cs to F-16A/Bs during the fall of 1988.

708

April 1989. The United States Supreme Court refused to overturn a lower

court ruling that upheld the constitutionality of the “Montgomery Amendment”

to the National Defense Authorization Act of 1987. That amendment prohibited

state governors from refusing to allow their Guardsmen to train overseas.

Several governors had gone to federal court to prevent their Guardsmen from

training in Central America because they opposed controversial U.S. foreign

policies in that region. Under the amendment, governors who blocked overseas

training by their Guardsmen risked losing federal funding and equipment for

their Army and Air Guard organizations.

709

April 1989. National Guard magazine reported that the 121

Tactical Fighter

Wing (TFW), Ohio ANG, 150

Tactical Fighter Group, New Mexico, ANG, and

the 185

TFW, Iowa ANG, had participated in two-week annual training

phases at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany for Creek Corsair, an exercise to

test an Air Force concept that A-7s could perform deep strike interdiction

missions in central Europe in the event of a war with the Warsaw Pact.

710

11 July 1989. At a meeting of the Air National Guard Long Range Planning

Steering Committee, Brig. Gen. Donald E. Barnhart, Arizona ANG, discussed

his recent meetings with Maj. Gen. Phil Killey, ANG Director, and others

concerning a concept to involve the Guard in Air Force space missions.

711

28 July 1989. As directed by Governor Cecil Andrus, Idaho Air Guard RF-4Cs

from the 190

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron at Boise began flying

missions to provide aerial photo coverage of forest fires plaguing the state.

712

July 1989. National Guard magazine reported that 12 F-4s and 196 Air

Guardsmen from the District of Columbia’s 113

Tactical Fighter Wing had

deployed to Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland to augment the air defense

alert mission of the Air Force’s 57

Fighter Interceptor Squadron at that

installation. While deployed there, the Air Guardsmen also flew against the

host unit’s F-15s in an air superiority role to help their active duty counterparts

prepare for an upcoming William Tell competition.

713

August 1989. National Guard magazine reported that Air Guard personnel

and A-10s from Maryland’s 175

Tactical Fighter Group (TFG), Wisconsin’s

128

Tactical Fighter Wing, and Connecticut’s 103

TFG had been deploying

to Panama on two-week volunteer rotations for Operation Coronet Cove.

Because runway repairs at Howard AFB had made it impossible for ANG A-

7Ds that normally were responsible for defending the Panama Canal to operate

from that installation, the A-10s, which needed shorter runways, were

temporarily pressed into service. The Air Guard A-10 commitment in Panama

lasted for three months.

714

21 September 1989. Beginning on this date, Air Guard airlift units across the

country, primarily flying C-130s but also C-141s and C-5As, airlifted medical

teams and supplies, food, clothing, water and equipment to Caribbean islands

that had been devastated by Hurricane Hugo. The estimated daily Air Guard

sortie count was five with the bulk of those relief missions which were

completed by 11 October 1989.

715

1-15 October 1989. The South Carolina Air Guard’s 169

Tactical Fighter

Group, equipped with F-16s ,won top overall team honors at the Air Force’s

worldwide Gunsmoke 1989 air-to-ground gunnery competition at Nellis AFB,

Nevada.

716

17 October 1989. After a massive earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter

scale rocked the San Francisco Bay area, 16,599 California National

Guardsmen, including 487 members of the Air Guard, were activated for relief

operations which continued through 12 February 1990. Within an hour after

the quake struck, members of the 129

Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Group,

based at Naval Air Station Moffett Field near San Jose, flew damage

assessment missions over stricken areas in an HC-130 and an HH-3 helicopter.

The 143

Evacuation Hospital was set up at Travis AFB. Members of the 162

Combat Communications Group rigged floodlights along the collapsed section of

Interstate 80 in Oakland so rescuers could work around the clock. The 234

Combat Communications Squadron activated the unit’s mobile control tower so

that its hometown Watsonville Airport could operate around the clock.

717

20 December 1989. President George H. W. Bush launched Operation Just

Cause to remove Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega from power and replace

him with a democratically elected government. Air Guard A-7 fighters and C-

130 transports already deployed to Panama on continuing rotations

participated in the operation which ended on 3 January 1990. They were joined

by ANG C-5s and C-141s which flew 35 airlift missions from the US plus EC-

130 aircraft from the 193

Special Operations Group that flew 18 unspecified

missions.

718

31 January 1990. Operation Coronet Cove, the ANG A-7 fighter unit

volunteer rotation to defend the Panama Canal that had begun on 30

September 1978, ended. The official reason given for terminating the mission

was the drawdown of U.S. forces in the Panama Canal. Each unit had deployed

for a month while most personnel rotated to Panama for 15 days. The last unit

to deploy was the Iowa Air Guard’s 114

Tactical Fighter Group.

719

January 1990. The "1990 ANG Long Range Plan" called on the Air National

Guard to seek a role in Air Force space missions.

720

March 1990. The Idaho Air Guard enlarged its RF-4C reconnaissance training

program at Boise under a project called “USAF Top Off” to include not only

ANG aircrews but active duty Air Force ones as well.

721

2 May 1990. When two pilots from the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNAF)

soloed for the first time in F-16s from the home station of the Arizona Air

Guard’s 162

Tactical Fighter Group at Tucson International Airport, it

marked a key milestone in a joint agreement between those two organizations

for Guardsmen to train Dutch fighter pilots. The training program had begun

at Tucson in March 1990. The 162

was the only ANG unit training pilots from

another nation’s air force.

722

2 August 1990. Kuwait was seized by Iraqi forces in a blitzkrieg-style

attack.

723

3 August 1990. The Air Force notified the National Guard Bureau’s Air

Directorate to be prepared for a 24-hour response by Air Guard units to

initiate missions in response to Iraq’s seizure of Kuwait.

724

6 August 1990. The Air Force asked the ANG to provide C-5, C-141, and KC-

135 aircraft plus an airlift control element unit augmentation of the active

force for a possible American military intervention in the Persian Gulf region in

response to the Iraqi seizure of Kuwait.

725

6 August 1990. At the request of the Strategic Air Command, ANG KC-135

units began forming tanker task forces at Bangor, Maine, Pease, New

Hampshire, Phoenix, Arizona, and Forbes, Kansas to support a possible US

military intervention in the Persian Gulf in response to the Iraqi seizure of

Kuwait.

726

6 August 1990. At the Strategic Air Command’s request, ANG volunteers and

their KC-135s began deploying to Moron Air Base, Spain to support a possible

move of US forces to the Persian Gulf after Iraqi forces seized Kuwait.

727

7 August 1990. President George H. W. Bush ordered the deployment of

American military forces to Saudi Arabia to protect it from a possible invasion

by Iraq. That deployment became known as Operation Desert Shield.

728

9 August 1990. Lt. Col. Harold Cross, 172

Military Airlift Group, Mississippi

ANG, landed his C-141 in Saudi Arabia. His was the first ANG aircraft and

volunteer crew to reach the Persian Gulf region after Iraq seized Kuwait.

729

11 August 1990. Under the leadership of Col. Charles M. Baier, six ANG KC-

135s and volunteers from the 190

Air Refueling Group, Kansas ANG, landed

in Saudi Arabia and began operations.

730

14-24 August 1990. A team from the Nevada Air Guard’s 152

Tactical

Reconnaissance Group, flying RF-4Cs, took top honors at the Reconnaissance

Air Meet (RAM) 1990 sponsored by the Tactical Air Command at Bergstrom

AFB, Texas. The top individual aircrew award was won by the 124

Tactical

Reconnaissance Group of the Idaho ANG. In addition to the Air Guard, RAM

1990 included teams from the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, Australia, Great

Britain, and the Federal Republic of Germany.

731

23 August 1990. ANG volunteer participation in the U.S. military response to

Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait peaked with over 4,000 Air Guardsmen on federal

active duty. Altogether, more than 8,000 ANG members served as volunteers

during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

732

24 August 1990. Volunteers and 6 RF-4C aircraft from the 117

Tactical

Reconnaissance Wing, Alabama ANG, deployed to the Persian Gulf region in

Operation Desert Shield.

733

24 August 1990. The 183

Military Airlift Squadron (MAS) at Jackson,

Mississippi and the 137

MAS at Stewart ANG Base, New York became the

first Air Guard units mobilized during the Persian Gulf crisis.

734

28 August 1990. Congressman “Sonny” Montgomery (D-Mississippi) wrote

Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney urging him to mobilize reserve

components’ combat units for the Persian Gulf crisis, including F-15s and F-16s

from the Air Guard and Air Force Reserve, in addition to the support units that

were already being called up.

735

28 August 1990. The 193

Special Operations Group, Pennsylvania ANG,

deployed two of its EC-130 Volant Solo aircraft and volunteer crews to the

Persian Gulf region. They were equipped to receive and broadcast electronic

signals.

736

August 1990. At Howard Air Base, Panama, ANG F-16 and F-15 fighter units

launched Operation Coronet Nighthawk, to help track the flow of illicit drugs

from Latin America to the U.S. Participating units deployed to Panama with

volunteers on short tours of active duty.

737

7-8 September 1990. The 130

Tactical Airlift Squadron (Provisional)

composed of ANG volunteers from 5 units and 16 C-130s was bedded down in

the United Arab Emirates as part of Operation Desert Shield.

738

5 October 1990. The 181

Tactical Airlift Squadron (TAS), Texas ANG, and

the 130

TAS, West Virginia, were mobilized for duty in the Persian Gulf

region.

739

4 November 1990. The Pentagon announced that Guard and Reserve combat

units would be called up for possible deployment to the Persian Gulf region.

740

2 December 1990. Astronaut and former California Air Guard fighter pilot

Vance DeVoe Brand commanded the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-35) which

was launched on this date. It was his fourth space flight. Former Texas Air

Guard fighter pilot, astronaut John M. Lounge, served as flight engineer on the

mission. It was Lounge’s third space flight. The Challenger returned safely to

earth on 10 December 1990.

741

5 December 1990. Volunteers from the 152

Tactical Reconnaissance Group,

Nevada ANG, replaced the volunteer contingent from the 117

Tactical

Reconnaissance Wing, Alabama ANG, in the Persian Gulf region as part of

Operation Desert Shield.

742

10 December 1990. The 240

Combat Communications Squadron, South

Carolina ANG, was mobilized and subsequently deployed to Al Kharj Air Base,

Saudi Arabia where it supported the Air Force’s 4

Tactical Fighter Wing

(Provisional) during Operation Desert Storm.

743

13 December 1990. Several ANG air refueling units were mobilized for

service in the Middle East. They were the: 126

Air Refueling Squadron

(ARS), Wisconsin; 116

ARS, Washington; and the 117

ARS, Kansas.

744

17 December 1990. Theodore C. Marrs, a physician and former federal

government official who had worked for presidents Nixon and Ford, died. A

former Alabama Air Guardsman and a retired brigadier general in the Air

Force Reserve, Marrs had developed and sold the Total Force concept in the

Pentagon while he served Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird. Marrs based his

Total Force proposals largely on his service in the Air National Guard and Air

Force Reserve.

745

20 December 1990. The following ANG air refueling units were mobilized for

duty in the Middle East during the Persian Gulf crisis: 132

Air Refueling

Squadron (ARS), Maine; 108

ARS, Illinois; 151

ARS, Tennessee; 133

ARS,

New Hampshire; 145

ARS, Ohio; 150

ARS, New Jersey; and 147

ARS,

Pennsylvania.

746

26 December 1990. The 191

Air Refueling Squadron, Utah ANG, and the

142

Tactical Airlift Squadron, Delaware, were mobilized for service in the

Middle East during the Persian Gulf crisis.

747

28 December 1990. The 180

Tactical Airlift Squadron, Missouri ANG, was

mobilized for service in the Persian Gulf region.

748

29 December 1990. The 169

Tactical Fighter Group, South Carolina ANG,

deployed pilots and 24 F-16As to Saudi Arabia for a possible war with Iraq.

749

2 January 1991. The 174

Tactical Fighter Wing, New York ANG, deployed

pilots and 18 F/A-16s to Saudi Arabia for a possible war with Iraq.

750

17 January 1991. Operation Desert Storm, the US-led coalition war against

Iraq’s seizure of Kuwait, was initiated.

751

27 January 1991. Flying unescorted, two unarmed RF-4C aircraft from the

Nevada Air Guard’s 192

Reconnaissance Squadron photographed open oil

manifolds along a heavily defended section of Kuwait’s coastline during

Operation Desert Storm. The manifolds had been opened by Iraqi forces to help

thwart an amphibious assault in that area by dumping oil into the Persian

Gulf. While approaching the target, the Air Guardsmen were fired on by Iraqi

surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery. The next day, their photos

were used by allied fighter bombers to help destroy the oil manifolds and stop

the flow of crude oil into the Persian Gulf.

752

28 February 1991. Active combat operations under Operation Desert Storm

ended.

753

Altogether, 12,404 Air Guardsmen served in operations Desert Storm

and Desert Shield. Of those personnel, 5,240 deployed to Southwest Asia, 6,264

served in the continental U.S. and the remaining 900 were assigned to Europe

and other overseas locations.

754

1 April 1991. The 210th Rescue Squadron, Alaska Air Guard, began

performing rescue alert duties at Kulis Air National Guard Base. It was the

newest of the Air Guard’s three rescue squadrons.

755

28 April 1991. Astronaut and Texas Air Guard fighter pilot Charles Lacy

Veach served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-39)

launched on this date. It was his first space flight. The Discovery returned

safely to earth on 6 May 1991.

756

26 July 1991. A-7D/K operations ended at the 195

Tactical Fighter Training

Squadron, Arizona ANG, because of the diminished requirement to train pilots

in that aircraft since it was being gradually phased out of the inventory.

Meanwhile, the unit had converted to F-16A/Bs during Fiscal Year 1991 and

began to train aviators to fly the Fighting Falcon.

757

30 September 1991. The National Guard Bureau reported that Air

Guardsmen had performed 2,654 of the total 44,804 mandays devoted to

state military support missions to the fiscal year (1991) ending on this date.

During that period, 713 of the 7,848 Guardsmen who performed such

missions were blue suiters.

758

6-16 October 1991. Flying A-10s, Air Guardsmen from Maryland’s 175

Fighter Group took top overall team honors at Gunsmoke 1991, the Air

Force’s worldwide air-to-ground gunnery contest at Nellis AFB, Nevada.

759

30 October 1991. Pararescue specialist SSgt. Rick Smith of the New York

Air Guard’s 106

Rescue Wing was lost when his HH-60 Pavehawk

helicopter was forced to ditch in the Atlantic because unexpectedly high

winds during a monstrous storm had made it impossible to refuel his aircraft.

The ANG helicopter and crew were retuning from an aborted attempt to save

a civilian on a sinking sailboat 250 miles off New Jersey’s coast. The other

members of the helicopter’s crew survived and were rescued by a Coast

Guard cutter. The episode was documented in Sebastian Junger’s best

selling book, The Perfect Storm.

760

December 1991. After absorbing instructors from the Reconnaissance

Weapons School and receiving six RF-4Cs, the 189

Tactical Reconnaissance

Training Flight, Idaho ANG, began training RF-4C and RF-4G crews.

761

11 March 1992. Brig. Gen. J. M. Hafen, Utah ANG, reported to Maj. Gen. Phil

Killey, ANG Director, that the B-52H mission which had been offered to the

ANG by the Air Force was "doable" but not as desirable as the KC-135

mission.

762

24 March 1992. Astronaut and former Massachusetts Air Guard A-10 pilot

Byron K. Lichtenberg served as a payload specialist aboard the Space Shuttle

Atlantis (STS-45) which was launched into orbit on this date. It was

Lichtenberg’s second space flight. The Atlantis landed safely on 2 April 1992.

763

27 March 1992. The last ANG C-130A departed the 164th Tactical Airlift

Group, Tennessee ANG at Memphis, for the bone yard in Arizona The 164th

was transitioning to the C-141B.

764

8 April 1992. Col. Roberta V. Mills, a nurse originally from the Tennessee Air

Guard, became the first woman ever promoted to general officer rank in the

ANG.

765

1 June 1992. The Air National Guard Support Center at Andrews AFB,

Maryland was redesignated the Air National Guard Readiness Center effective

this date.

766

13 July 1992. C-130 aircraft and volunteer crews from the 167

Airlift

Squadron of the West Virginia ANG began flying food and relief supplies into

the besieged Bosnian city of Sarajevo. It was the first Air Guard unit to

participate in Operation Provide Promise.

767

19 August 1992. In response to a request from Headquarters, Air Mobility

Command, three ANG C-130 units volunteered for humanitarian relief

operations in Somalia. The 133d Airlift Wing, Minnesota, 135th Airlift Group,

Maryland, and the 146th Airlift Wing, California provided aircraft and crews

that were based in Mombassa, Kenya. They flew daily missions to Somalia as

part of Operation Provide Relief.

768

August 1992. After Hurricane Andrew devastated parts of Florida and

Louisiana, the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway,

a Kentucky Air Guardsman, strongly resisted Pentagon efforts to mobilize

Florida Guardsmen in federal status. He argued that such an action would

deprive Guardsmen of their ability to assist hard pressed state and local law

enforcement agencies in conducting critical police functions because of the

restrictions of the Posse Comitatus Act. Without benefit of federalization, ANG

transports from 16 units in 15 different states flew 402 sorties while delivering

1,350.8 tons of food plus emergency supplies and equipment. Engineers from

the Florida Air Guard cleared downed trees and other debris away streets with

chain saws and heavy equipment. They also hauled debris away from

neighborhoods to help prevent a breakdown of public sanitation. In Louisiana,

the ANG’s 236

Combat Communications Squadron delivered electrical

generators to various communities and a medical facility that provided constant

care for infants and the elderly.

769

August 1992. Air Guard volunteers launched Operation Steady State,

manning ground-based radars at two locations in the Amazon as part of the

United States Southern Command’s drug interdiction program.

770

16-24 October 1992. Flying an F-16, Capt. Duane Kautzman of the Montana

Air Guard’s 120

Fighter Group won the “Top Shooter” award at the Air Force’s

William Tell 1992 air-to-air weapons meet held at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

771

22 October 1992. Astronaut and Texas Air Guard fighter pilot Charles Lacy

Veach served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-52)

which was launched into orbit on this day. It was his second space flight. The

Columbia landed safely on 1 November 1992.

772

10-12 November 1992. During the annual ANG senior commanders

conference at Atlantic City, New Jersey, Maj. Gen. Phil Killey, the ANG

Director, publicly unveiled his strategic vision for reshaping the ANG to meet

the challenges of the post Cold War era. The ANG would try to broaden its

portfolio of flying missions to include acquiring bomber units as well as more

airlift and tanker units in addition to seeking new missions like space for some

of its support units. The Air Directorate, NGB, would attempt to preserve all

ANG flying units and protect the jobs of their personnel. To accomplish those

goals, it would aggressively seek out alternative missions to rerole some ANG

flying units, reduce the number of aircraft assigned to each unit, combine

similar units at the same location if necessary, and, as a last resort, close down

flying units.

773

5 December 1992. A preliminary deployment of nine ANG and three Air Force

Reserve KC-135 tankers to Moron Air Base, Spain to establish a tanker task

force (TTF) for Operation Restore Hope, Somalia relief operations, was

completed. Col. Joseph Simeone, Commander, 157the Air Refueling Group,

New Hampshire ANG, was selected by the Air Mobility Command as the TTF’s

commander.

774

5 December 1992. The 172d Airlift Group (AG), Mississippi ANG, and the

164th AG, Tennessee ANG -- both equipped with C-141s -- were tasked by AMC

to provide aircraft and crews to participate in Operation Restore Hope. The

operation was initiated to provide humanitarian relief in Somalia.

775

12 December 1992. The first 2,900 Marines of the 28,000 U.S. troops

scheduled to intervene in Somalia landed at Mogadishu. To support the

operation, the ANG had 31 personnel deployed in the continental US, 385

overseas (mostly in Spain), and 9 in Somalia. All were volunteers.

776

18 December 1992. To support Operation Restore Hope, two ANG aero-

medical evacuation crews deployed to Mogadishu, Somalia.

777

13 January 1993. Command of the tanker task force at Moron AB, Spain

supporting U.S. military operations in Somalia was transferred from Col.

Joseph Simeone, New Hampshire ANG, to Col. James Dickensheets, USAF.

778

15 January 1993. All ANG KC-135 tankers departed the tanker task force at

Moron AB, Spain for the continental US. They had flown 348 sorties, refueled

261 aircraft, off-loaded 20,159,300 gallons of fuel and carried 549 passengers

while accumulating 1,833 flight hours in support of Somalia relief, Operation

Restore Hope.

779

19 January 1993. The Air Force publicly announced its intent to assign B-1B

and B-52 bombers to the ANG and the Air Force Reserve. Those aircraft would

be configured for conventional, not nuclear, missions.

780

21 January 1993. Air Combat Command added Air National Guard combat

search and rescue (CSAR) forces to its deployments to the Persian Gulf region

for the first time. During Fiscal Year 1993, all three ANG CSAR units

participated in Operation Southern Watch.

781

28 January 1993. The final ANG strategic airlift summary for Operation

Restore Hope was 137 sorties which delivered 1,359.4 tons, carried 585

passengers and accumulated 679 flying hours.

782

January 1993. Under the auspices of a foreign military sales contract, Air

Guard KC-135 tankers and their volunteer crews began refueling NATO E-3

AWACS training missions from Geilenkirchen AB, Germany.

783

January 1993. As directed by Congress, the ANG established a Command,

Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Planning Office to begin

planning to assume space and other C3I missions.

784

26 February 1993. C-130 aircraft and aircrews from the 123rd Airlift Wing,

Kentucky ANG, began carrying relief supplies into a besieged Sarajevo in

Operation Provide Promise.

785

11 March 1993. An Air Force report on Base Realignment and Closure

recommended that, contrary to the recommendations of the 1991 commission,

the 121st Air Refueling Wing (ARW) and 160th Air Refueling Group, Ohio

ANG, should remain at the Rickenbacker ANG Base, Ohio. It also called for the

closure of O'Hare Air Reserve Station in Illinois and that the 126th ARW,

Illinois ANG, be moved to another location.

786

March 1993. The 124th Fighter Group, Idaho ANG, sent F-4G "Advanced Wild

Weasel" aircraft and volunteers to Saudi Arabia to help enforce the no-fly zone

over Iraq in Operation Southern Watch.

787

1 May 1993. Maj. Jackie Parker was sworn into the New York Air Guard’s

174

Fighter Wing becoming the ANG’s first female fighter pilot.

788

15 May 1993. The 178th Fighter Group, Ohio ANG, was the last unit in the

U.S. armed forces to fly the A-7. It said goodbye to the Corsair II during a

"SLUF [i.e., Short, Little Ugly Flyer] Salute" at its home station in Springfield,

Ohio.

789

27 May 1993. The Air Force announced force structure changes at McConnell

AFB, Kansas which would cause the 184th Fighter Group, Kansas ANG, a

training unit, to lose its 54 F-16s and replace them with 10 B-1Bs.

790

100

28 June 1993. A 124th Fighter Group, Idaho ANG, F-4G "Wild Weasel" was

illuminated by Iraqi surface air defense radar while escorting Joint Task Force

Southern Watch aircraft over the southern no-fly zone in Iraq. The F-4G pilot

launched a High Speed Anti Radiation Missile at the radar site and destroyed it

before returning safely to base.

791

June 1993. In response to the growing violence and UN casualties in Somalia,

the ANG deployed a partial Mobile Aerial Staging Facility to the Mogadishu

International Airport. It was manned by ANG volunteers.

792

10 September 1993. Secretary of Defense Les Aspin issued his Fiscal Year

1995-Fiscal Year 1999 Defense Program Guidance which, among other things,

resulted in ANG personnel taking over responsibility for manning First Air

Force and its continental air defense mission from the Air Force in accordance

with the recommendations of the Department of Defense’s Bottom Up Review

earlier that year.

793

25 September 1993. Jane's Defense Weekly reported that the Air Force had

proposed transferring B-1B bombers to both the 184th Fighter Group, Kansas

ANG, and the 116th Fighter Wing, Georgia ANG.

794

2 October 1993. The last F-4G aircraft and personnel from the 124

Fighter

Group, Idaho ANG, returned to their home station from Saudi Arabia ending

the unit's first volunteer rotation to help enforce the southern no-fly zone over

Iraq.

795

3-4 October 1993. During the "Battle of Mogadishu" in Somalia, a deployed

Air Guard Mobile Aeromedical Staging Facility triaged and provided life

support to more than 55 soldiers and evacuated over 65 patients.

796

16 October 1993. Astronaut David A. Wolf, a former flight surgeon in the

181

Tactical Fighter Group, Indiana ANG, was launched into orbit on the

space shuttle Columbia (STS-58), a dedicated Spacelab life sciences research

mission. The shuttle returned safely to earth on 1 November 1993.

797

25 October 1993. Col. Irene Trowell-Harris, a nurse in the New York ANG,

became the Air Guard’s first African-American woman promoted to the rank

of brigadier general.

798

October 1993. Air Guard volunteers from the New Hampshire’s 157

Air

Refueling Group (ARG), Maine’s 101

Air Refueling Wing (ARW), Ohio’s 121

ARW, and Pennsylvania’s 171

ARW were joined by volunteers from the Air

Force Reserve’s 434

ARG and 927

ARG to establish a regional Air Reserve

101

Components (ARC) tanker task force (TTF) that supported the overseas

movement of U.S. military aircraft for Operation Restore Hope in Somalia. The

TTF operated out of Bangor, Maine, Pease Air National Guard Base, New

Hampshire, McGuire AFB, New Jersey, and Pittsburg International Airport,

Pennsylvania.

799

3 November 1993. Lt. Col. Mark Kalber of the National Guard Bureau’s Air

Directorate briefed a concept of operations for ANG support of Antarctic

operations by the National Science Foundation with LC-130s flown by the 109

Airlift Group, New York ANG.

800

12 November 1993. Gen. John M. D. Schalikashvili, Chairman of the Joint

Chiefs of Staff, approved air reserve component augmentation of active duty

Air Force forces in Operation Provide Comfort that was aiding the Kurds in

northern Iraq.

801

12 November 1993. Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey, the ANG Director, approved

a concept to establish an Air National Guard tanker task force at an east

coast ANG installation to be determined when the Air Force closed its own

East Coast Tanker Task Force at Plattsburgh AFB, New York.

802

15 November 1993. ANG fighter aircraft and volunteers began participating

in Operation Deny Flight, the enforcement of a U.N.-sponsored no-fly zone over

Bosnia-Herzegovina. The aircraft were stationed at Aviano Air Base, Italy and

operated under NATO command.

803

November 1993. Congress prohibited the Air Force from transferring the 116

Tactical Fighter Wing of the Georgia ANG from Dobbins Air Reserve Base to

Robins Air Force Base and delayed it from converting the unit from F-15s to

B-1s for one year.

804

4 - 6 December 1993. Volunteers and aircraft from four ANG F-16 fighter

squadrons arrived at Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, to participate in a composite or

"rainbow unit" to support Operation Provide Comfort, the protection and relief

of the Kurdish population in northern Iraq. The units were the: 120th Fighter

Squadron (FS), Colorado; the 149

FS, Virginia; the 175

FS, South Dakota;

and the 185

FS, Iowa.

805

12 January 1994. In an arrival ceremony at its home station, McEntire Air

National Guard Base, the South Carolina, the Air Guard’s 169th Fighter Group

received its first two brand new F-16C/Block 52 Fighting Falcons.

806

28 January 1994. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, a Massachusetts Air

Guardsman and combat veteran of the Vietnam War, became the Director of

102

the Air National Guard. He was the only United States Air Force Academy

graduate ever to be assigned to that post.

807

28 January 1994. At the direction of Gen. Merrill McPeak, Air Force Chief of

Staff, Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey, the former ANG Director, assumed command

of the Continental U.S. NORAD Region (CONR) and First Air Force at Tyndall

AFB, Florida.

808

7 April 1994. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, the Director of the Air National

Guard, approved a concept developed by the 101

Air Refueling Wing, Maine

ANG, and the 157

Air Refueling Group, New Hampshire, to establish a new

Northeast Tanker Task Force at their home stations after the Air Force’s

Plattsburg Tanker Task Force was eliminated due to the programmed closure

of Plattsburg AFB, New York in 1995.

809

April 1994. The first Kansas Air Guardsmen of the 184th Fighter Group

returned from initial B-1B training at Dyess AFB, Texas and began flying the

aircraft with active-duty bomber crews of the 384th Bomb Wing at McConnell

AFB, Kansas.

810

27 June 1994. The Air Force Times reported that "Congressional

heavyweights" had persuaded the Defense Department to scrap Air Force plans

to reduce five ANG C-130 units from 12 to 8 aircraft each.

811

1 July 1994. The 184th Fighter Group, Kansas ANG, was redesignated the

184th Bomb Group effective this date. It was the first ANG unit to fly the B-1B

bomber.

812

30 July 1994. Air Guard volunteers from nine units began participating in

Rwanda relief operations during two rotations in Operation Support Hope. By

15 November 1994, their C-130s had flown 915 sorties while logging 1,598.2

flying hours and delivering 4,515.8 tons of cargo while carrying 4,021

passengers.

813

5 August 1994. An A-10 of the 175th Fighter Group, Maryland ANG,

participating in Operation Deny Flight, destroyed a self propelled M-18 76

millimeter anti-tank gun which the Bosnian Serbs had stolen from a U.N.

weapons holding area in Bosnia.

814

23 August 1994. ANG air refueling units began participating in Operation

Deny Flight in the Balkans. They flew from airfields at Istres, France and Pisa,

Italy. They were the: 108th Air Refueling Wing (ARW), New Jersey; 171st

ARW, Pennsylvania; 121st ARW, Ohio; 141st ARW, Washington; 128th Air

Refueling Group (ARG). Wisconsin; and 134th ARG, Tennessee.

815

103

5 September 1994. The Air Force Times reported that the Congress had

approved the move of the 116th Fighter Wing, Georgia ANG, to Robins AFB

and converting it from F-15s to B-1Bs beginning in October 1995.

816

22 September 1994. ANG C-130 airlift units began supporting Operation

Provide Comfort from Incirlik AB, Turkey. The following units participated in

1994: the 133d Airlift Wing, Minnesota, the 191st Airlift Group, Michigan, the

135th Airlift Group, Maryland, the 167th Airlift Group, West Virginia, the 143d

Airlift Group, Rhode Island, and the 146th Airlift Wing, California.

817

29 September 1994. The 101

Air Refueling Wing, Maine ANG, began

limited operations of the Air Guard’s new Northeast Tanker Task Force from

Bangor International Airport.

818

11-22 October 1994. The 119th Fighter Group North Dakota ANG, took top

team honors at the William Tell 1994 worldwide Air Force air-to-air weapons

meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

819

17 October 1994. Col. Verna D. Fairchild of the Kentucky ANG was promoted

to brigadier general and became her state's Assistant Adjutant General. She

was the first woman to hold that assignment in any state.

820

1 December 1994. Effective this date, Headquarters Northeast Air Defense

Sector at Griffis AFB, New York was redesignated as the Headquarters

Northeast Air Defense Sector (ANG).

821

1 December 1994. The 124

Fighter Group, Idaho ANG, deployed personnel

and F-4G “Wild Weasel” aircraft to Turkey to participate in Operation Provide

Comfort II, the protection of the Kurdish population in northern Iraq. The

Idaho Guardsmen ended their rotation on 31 December 1994.

822

10 December 1994. After nine mid-air refuelings, an HH-60G Pave Hawk

helicopter and crew from the New York ANG’s 102

Rescue Squadron pulled a

sailor from a sunken Ukrainian freighter out of 30-foot seas about 750 miles off

the coast of Nova Scotia and returned him safely to shore.

823

April 1995. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, the Air National Guard’s

Director, asked the 192nd Fighter Wing, Virginia ANG, to develop pods to use

with its F-16s to restore a manned tactical photo reconnaissance capability to

the total Air Force. Gen. Ronald Fogleman, Air Force Chief of Staff, had

requested that the Air Guard to take on this project after the service had

decided to retire its last dedicated tactical photo reconnaissance aircraft, the

RF-4C. That initiative was known as the Theater Airborne Reconnaissance

104

System program.

824

20 April 1995. Members of the 138th Fighter Group, Oklahoma ANG, began

providing emergency assistance after the 19 April 1995 bombing of the Alfred

P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.

825

July 1995. The National Guard magazine reported that the North Dakota

Air Guard’s 119

Fighter Group had been awarded the Hughes Trophy as the

best fighter unit within the total Air Force in the air defense/air superiority

mission during the previous year.

826

22 August 1995. 12 A-10s and 150 (later 180) personnel from the 104th

Fighter Wing (FW), Massachusetts ANG, began participating in Operation

Deliberate Force, a NATO response to a Serb mortar attack on Sarajevo that

killed 37 people. The 104th FW had deployed to Aviano AB, Italy on 8 August

1995 to relieve an active Air Force unit participating in Operation Deny Flight.

The unit flew approximately 285 sorties during Deliberate Force which ended

on 22 September 1995.

827

1 October 1995. Federal recognition was granted to the 137th Space Warning

Squadron, Colorado ANG. It was the Air Guard's first space unit.

828

1 October 1995. The last RF-4C was phased out of the ANG inventory at the

152

Reconnaissance Group, Reno, Nevada. That marked the end of dedicated

manned tactical reconnaissance aircraft in the total Air Force. On that same

date, the ANG delivered the first F-16 reconnaissance pod which enabled the

Guard to continue providing 100 percent of the Air Force’s manned tactical

reconnaissance capabilities. The 192

Fighter Wing at Richmond, Virginia

was the lead unit for the development and use of the pod.

829

21 November 1995. The Air Force announced that the 172nd Airlift Wing,

Mississippi ANG, would receive six brand new C-17s and phase out its C-

141s.

830

8 December 1995. President Bill Clinton authorized the mobilization of units

and individuals from the Guard and Reserve to augment U.S. military

operations in the former Yugoslavia.

831

10 December 1995. The Air Force tasked the ANG to deploy a radar package

to Tazar, Hungary. Within 36 hours of notification, the Ohio Air Guard’s 251st

Combat Communications Group launched a composite package of equipment

and volunteers drawn from ANG units across the nation.

832

18 December 1995. Maj. Gen. Russell C. Davis was assigned as the Vice

105

Chief, NGB. General Davis, a District of Columbia Air National Guard officer,

had been the Commanding General, District of Columbia National Guard. He

was the first African American to hold the former assignment.

833

January 1996. The ANG sent 8 C-130 aircraft, 16 aircrews, and 201

personnel to Saudi Arabia and Oman for Operation Southern Watch. The Ohio

Air Guard’s 179th Airlift Wing led this multi-unit volunteer deployment which

ended in March 1996.

834

21 January 1996. The 137th Space Warning Squadron, Colorado ANG

officially went into business in an activation ceremony at Greeley, Colorado. It

was the first space unit in the history of the Air Guard.

835

19 February 1996. The Air Force Times reported that the 109th Airlift Wing,

New York ANG, would assume the responsibility for airlift support of National

Science Foundation activities in Antarctic during 1999-2000 from the U.S.

Navy.

836

9 March 1996. After Cuban fighters shot down two U.S. civilian aircraft over

the Straits of Florida, F-15s from the 125th Fighter Wing (FW), Florida ANG,

were scrambled from Homestead AFB to provide a combat air patrol over the

U.S. Coast Guard's search and rescue operations in international waters off the

Cuban coast. The 125th FW flew 15 armed sorties on 9-10 March. They were

joined by F-16s from Minnesota's 148th FW which flew eight sorties from their

alert site at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

837

March 1996. The 184th Bomb Wing, Kansas ANG, completed its conversion to

the B-1B bomber.

838

1 April 1996. The 116th Fighter Wing, Georgia ANG, was redesignated the

116th Bomb Wing and received its first B-1B bomber. It was the second ANG

unit to be equipped with that aircraft.

839

20 April 1996. The last F-4 Phantom II's in the total Air Force’s inventory, four

F-4G "Advanced Wild Weasels" from the ANG's 124th Fighter Wing at Gowen

Field, Idaho, were retired and flown to Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona.

840

April 1996. The ANG deployed 12 C-130s, 24 crews, and 378 volunteers to

Ramstein AB, Germany for Operation Joint Endeavor. All ANG C-130 units

participated in this deployment, supporting peace-keeping in Bosnia, which

ended in June 1996.

841

28 May 1996. The 192nd Fighter Wing, Virginia ANG, deployed four F-16C/Ds

equipped with tactical photo reconnaissance pods -- the Tactical Air

106

Reconnaissance System it was developing with a contractor -- to Italy. It

successfully tested them while supporting NATO forces in Bosnia during

peacekeeping operations. The unit departed from Italy for its home station on

15 July 1996.

842

18 September 1996. Senior officers from the New York Air Guard’s 109

Airlift Wing briefed the National Guard Bureau on their concept of operations

and the status of preparations for taking over Operation Deep Freeze, support

of the National Science Foundation in Antarctica, from the U.S. Navy.

843

2 December 1996. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, the ANG Director,

announced that additional Air Guard officers would be assigned to 2 of the 9

unified commands, the Joint Staff of the JCS, and the Air Force's major air

commands as part of an ANG staff integration plan that had been approved by

the Secretary of Defense.

844

10 December 1996. The last brand new C-130Hs purchased for the Air

Guard were delivered to the Minnesota Air Guard’s 133

Airlift Wing.

845

20 February 1997. Lt. Col. Martha Rainville, Vermont ANG, was elected by a

joint vote of that state’s House and Senate to be its adjutant general effective 1

March 1997. Her rank would be major general and she would be the first

woman in the history of the militia and National Guard to serve as adjutant

general. Vermont was the only state where lawmakers elected the Guard’s top

officer.

846

1 March 1997. Lt. Col. Martha Rainville, Vermont Air Guard, was sworn in

as the nation’s first female Adjutant General ever by the state’s Governor,

Howard Dean.

847

March 1997. 12 F-16s from the ANG and AFRES deployed to Incirlick AB,

Turkey to form a "rainbow unit" of fighters to support Operation Northern

Watch to help maintain a no-fly zone over the northern portion of Iraq. Units

involved were Wisconsin's 115th Fighter Wing (FW) and Ohio's 178th FW plus

the Air Force Reserve's 419th FW.

848

July 1997. The Air Force halted plans to cut the primary authorized aircraft

of five ANG C-130 units from 12 to 8 aircraft each. Opposition to the cuts had

been led on Capitol Hill by Senator Wendell Ford of Kentucky whose state's

Air Guard unit flew that aircraft.

849

2 August 1997. Col. Walter Burns, USAF, formally assumed command of the

103rd Fighter Wing, Connecticut ANG, at Bradley ANG Base. Under the staff

integration plan announced in 1996 by the National Guard Bureau, Burns

107

became the first known active duty Air Force officer to command an Air Guard

wing that had not been called into federal service.

850

25 September 1997. Astronaut and former Indiana Air Guard flight surgeon

David A. Wolf was launched into orbit on the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-86).

A qualified cosmonaut, Dr. Wolf then served as a long duration crewmember on

the Russian MIR Space Station. He returned to earth aboard the Space Shuttle

Endeavor (STS-89) on 31 January 1989. It was his second space flight.

851

1 October 1997. Effective this date, the Continental United States NORAD

Region (CONR) and First Air Force officially completed the transition to

manning by the ANG, replacing active duty Air Force personnel.

13 October 1997. C-130Hs carrying personnel from Wyoming's 153rd Airlift

Wing departed Cheyenne to fight stubborn wildfires in Indonesia. Two of the

aircraft were equipped with the Modular Airborne Firefighting System. The

unit flew 215 sorties and logged 316.5 flying hours during its deployment to

Indonesia.

852

1 November 1997. Lt. Col. Linda K. McTague was assigned as commander of

the 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia ANG. She was the first woman

to serve as commander of an Air Guard flying squadron.

853

18 November 1997. The ANG's Northeast Tanker Task Force (TTF) in

Bangor, Maine began around-the-clock operations for Operation Phoenix

Scorpion, the movement of Air Force aircraft to the Persian Gulf in response to

Saddam Hussein's refusal to allow U.N. experts to inspect dozens of facilities

suspected of hiding chemical and biological weapons. The TTF, consisting of 4

Air Force and 10 ANG KC-135s, pumped over 1 million pounds of jet fuel into

Air Force aircraft during the operation which lasted a week.

854

19 December 1997. Effective this date, Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, assumed

command of Continental United States NORAD Region (CONR) and First Air

Force from the retiring Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey. Both officers were Air

Guardsman.

855

1 January 1998. Reflecting its broader and expanding mission, the I.G.

Brown Air National Guard Professional Military Education Center near

Knoxville, Tennessee was renamed the I.G. Brown Air National Guard

Training and Education Center. The organization was named after the late

Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown, an Arkansas Air Guardsman and former ANG Director

who had been instrumental in establishing the school.

856

26 January 1998. Deputy Secretary of Defense John Hamre formally approved

108

plans to use the Guard and Reserve to help respond to domestic terrorist

incidents or accidents involving weapons of mass destruction in the United

States. He placed the Secretary of the Army in charge of the effort.

857

28 January 1998. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., a New York Air Guardsman,

became the Director of the Air National Guard.

858

22 February 1998. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced that he

had requested a Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up to support operations

against Iraq in Southwest Asia.

859

24 February 1998. President Bill Clinton signed an executive order

authorizing the call-up of 500 Guardsmen and Reservists for up to 270 days to

support military operations in Southwest Asia.

860

26 March 1998. Representatives of the National Science Foundation (NSF),

Department of Defense, Air Force, Navy, U.S. Transportation Command, and

the NGB signed a Memorandum of Agreement turning over responsibility for

providing airlift support of NSF operations in Antarctica from the U.S. Navy to

the New York ANG's 109th Airlift Wing.

861

May 1998. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced the specific

locations of the 10 joint Army and Air Guard Rapid Assessment and Initial

Detection (RAID) teams that would be established during the next fiscal year to

assist civil authorities in the event of an incident involving weapons of mass

destruction on American soil. The RAID teams would be placed at: Los

Alamitos, California; Aurora, Colorado; Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia;

Peoria, Illinois; Natick, Massachusetts; Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri; Stratton

Air National Guard Base, New York; Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania;

Austin, Texas; and Tacoma, Washington.

862

June 1998. The 201

Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia ANG, rolled out

its first two C-38A Astra operational airlift passenger transport aircraft in a

ceremony at Andrews AFB, Maryland. The C-38A replaced the unit’s C-21s.

863

17 July 1998. CMSgt Gary R. Broadbent replaced CMSgt Edwin R. Brown

as the Air National Guard Senior Enlisted Advisor and the position was

renamed the Air National Guard Command Chief Master Sergeant.

864

4 August 1998. Lt. Gen. Russell C. Davis, USAF, succeeded LTG. Edward

Baca, USA, as the Chief, National Guard Bureau, effective this date. General

Davis, a District of Columbia Air Guardsman, was the first African-American

and the third Air Guardsman to hold that assignment on a regular (i.e., non-

acting) basis.

865

109

4 August 1998. The Air Force unveiled plans to reorganize more than 2,000

aircraft into 10 Air Expeditionary Forces (AEFs) to ease the strain of increased

post Cold War operations overseas. The AEFs would draw upon Air Guard

and Air Force Reserve as well as active duty Air Force assets.

866

17 August 1998. The Jefferson Plaza 1 (JP-1) office building in Arlington,

Virginia, became the National Guard Bureau’s official new home when Lt.

Gen. Russell C. Davis, a District of Columbia Air Guardsman who was the

Bureau's Chief, reported for duty there. Previously, the Bureau had been

headquartered in the Pentagon .

867

30 September 1998. The National Guard Bureau reported that Air

Guardsmen had performed 14,612 of the total 374,115 National Guard

mandays devoted to state emergency response missions during the fiscal year

(1998) ending on this date.

868

1 October 1998. ANG vehicle maintenance personnel began repairing

vehicles on a site in Qatar in the Persian Gulf region at the request of the

United States Central Air Forces.

869

27 October 1998. Hurricane Mitch, one of the deadliest Atlantic storms in

the 20

century, devastated Central America leaving an estimated 9,000

people dead in Honduras and almost one million homeless. In response to the

enormous needs created by the storm, Air Guard crews and C-130s from

Arkansas, California, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi,

West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Rhode Island delivered relief supplies to

Honduras during “Operation Amigo” which lasted several months.

870

October 1998. The National Guard Bureau formed 10 new joint Army

Guard and Air Guard regional Rapid Assessment and Initial Detection

(RAID) teams in 10 states to help civilian authorities detect and assess

chemical, biological and nuclear hazards from terror weapons.

871

October 1998. Senator Carl Levin (D-Michigan) was the honored guest at a

ribbon-cutting ceremony for one of the most advanced air combat training

tools in the United States, the Alpena-Kadena Instrumented Training

System (AKITS). The event was held at the Air Guard’s Combat Readiness

Training Center at Alpena, Michigan where the AKITS enabled fighter pilots

to fly highly realistic air combat maneuvers without the need for an elaborate

ground based range infrastructure or actually firing “live” weapons.

872

16 December 1998. Anglo-American air and naval forces launched attacks

against Iraq in Operation Desert Fox. Air Guardsmen and Air Force Reservists

110

from five different units, plus several active duty Air Force outfits, had

supported the operation by refueling Air Force aircraft deploying to the Persian

Gulf region from the Northeast Tanker Task Force in Maine.

873

December 1998. Six Air Guard fighter units were unable to deploy to

Southwest Asia to enforce the no-fly zones over Iraq because their F-16s lacked

the precision guided munitions and targeting pods that were now required to

operate in that region. Air Guard officials reported that they had already begun

moving to upgrade F-16s in many states with kits that would enable them to fly

night missions and fire precision guided munitions.

874

30 January 1999. NATO officials warned the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

that it would do whatever was necessary, including air strikes, if Belgrade

failed to comply with its demands for a political settlement in Kosovo.

875

January 1999. The Texas Air Guard’s 149

Fighter Wing converted from a

general purpose fighter mission to training ANG F-16 aviators to help ease the

huge backlog of student flyers waiting to become full-fledged Viper pilots.

876

17 February 1999. Brig. Gen. John Schnell, Chief of Staff, Maryland ANG,

represented the Air Guard at Operation Coronet Oak closing ceremonies in

Panama. That C-130 airlift operation was being shut down at Howard AB

and transferred to Puerto Rico because US treaty rights in the Canal Zone

were expiring. The ANG and the Air Force Reserve had conducted Coronet

Oak (originally Operation Volant Oak) in Panama since October 1977.

877

17 February 1999. ANG KC-135 tankers began providing air refueling

support for fighter movements to Europe and air cargo missions positioning

people and supplies for a possible war with the Federal Republic of

Yugoslavia over the latter's actions in Kosovo.

878

18 February 1999. The last U.S. Navy LC-130 departed from Antarctica

ending naval support of Operation Deep Freeze, The operation had been turned

over to the New York ANG’s 109

Airlift Wing in 1998.

879

24 March 1999. NATO aircraft began a bombing campaign against

Yugoslavia designed to force the Serbs to accept an alliance-sponsored peace

agreement for the latter’s breakaway province of Kosovo. KC-135 Stratotankers

and crews from the Hawaii ANG's 203rd Air Refueling Squadron, on a

previously scheduled deployment to France, participated in Operation Allied

Force.

880

27 March 1999. About 100 Air Guard volunteers and two EC-130

Commando Solo aircraft from Pennsylvania's 193rd Special Operations Wing

111

deployed to Germany to support the NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia.

881

28 March 1999. The NGB requested help for Operation Allied Force from

Nebraska's 155th Air Refueling Wing. Less than 60 hours later, wing personnel

and 3 of their KC-135 tankers were on the ground at Rhine Main Air Base,

Germany.

882

1 April 1999. An EC-130 Commando Solo aircraft from the 193rd Special

Operations Wing, Pennsylvania ANG, flew south from Ramstein AB, Germany

and began broadcasting radio and television programs to northern Serbia as

part of Operation Allied Force.

883

7 April 1999. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., the ANG Director, announced the

formation of a "Future Forces Team" in the NGB to help reshape the Air Guard

for the 21st century.

884

12 April 1999. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., the ANG Director, activated

the ANG Crisis Action Team at Andrews AFB, Maryland to handle Air Guard

tanker issues related to Operation Allied Force, the air war for Bosnia.

885

13 April 1999. Gen. Wesley Clark, USA, Supreme Allied Commander

Europe, asked for 300 more U.S. aircraft for use in Operation Allied Force in

addition to the 82 aircraft that he had requested on April 9th. His request

would bring the total U.S. aircraft committed to the operation to 800. Pentagon

spokesman Kevin Bacon said this might require a presidential selective reserve

call-up.

886

14-15 April 1999. Approximately 100 members of New York's 107th Air

Refueling Wing (ARW) deployed to Turkey with 4 KC-135Rs for a month-long

tour of duty with Operation Northern Watch. They teamed up there with

personnel from New Hampshire's 157th ARW.

887

21 April 1999. The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Reserve Affairs

reported that over 500 volunteers from the Air Force Reserve and the Air

Guard were supporting Operation Allied Force overseas and in the continental

US.

888

26 April 1999. Pentagon officials announced that Secretary of Defense William

Cohen had ordered 30 tankers, their aircrews and support personnel, to deploy

by 1 May 1999 for active duty with Operation Allied Force. A mix of active duty

Air Force and Air Reserve Components assets, they would be sent overseas in

response to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe’s request earlier in April

for additional U.S. military aircraft.

889

112

27 April 1999. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced that

President Bill Clinton had approved a Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up to

support the NATO air war for Kosovo, Operation Allied Force. It authorized the

mobilization of up to 33,102 members of the Selected Reserve. The initial

increment of approximately 2,000 would be members of ANG and Air Force

Reserve air-refueling units.

890

28 April 1999. Headquarters, United States Air Force issued a Presidential

Selective Reserve Call-Up message for Operation Southern Watch,

maintaining the no-fly zone over southern Iraq. Air Combat Command was

authorized to mobilize elements of the ANG's 106

and 129

Rescue Wings

and deploy them to the Persian Gulf region.

891

1 May 1999. Operation Coronet Nighthawk, the Air Guard’s drug

interdiction program with fighter aircraft in the Caribbean region, was

shifted from Panama to the Dutch island of Curaco because of the pending

closure of U.S. military bases in Panama.

892

1 May 1999. The 171st Air Refueling Wing (ARW), Pennsylvania ANG,

received its official activation order for Operation Allied Force. The order

involved deploying about 400 personnel and 14 KC-135Es to the theater of

operations.

893

Other mobilized ANG tanker units included the: 117th ARW,

Alabama; 128th ARW, Wisconsin; 141st ARW, Washington; 151st ARW, Utah;

and the 161st ARW, Arizona.

894

4-6 May 1999. Approximately 300 mobilized members of the Arizona

ANG's 161st Air Refueling Wing and six KC-135s deployed to Europe to

support NATO’s war against Yugoslavia, Operation Allied Force.

895

12 May 1999. Acting Secretary of the Air Force F. Whitten Peters

announced that additional ANG units had been mobilized for Operation Allied

Force. They included the: 232nd Combat Communications Squadron (CBCS),

Alabama; 117th Intelligence Squadron, Alabama; 117th Intelligence squadron,

Alabama; 123rd Intelligence Squadron, Arkansas; 149th CBCS, California;

231st CBCS, District of Columbia; 259th Air Traffic Control (ATC)Group,

Louisiana; 241st ATC Squadron, Missouri; 152nd Intelligence Squadron,

Nevada; 260th Intelligence Squadron, new Hampshire; 269th CBCS, Ohio;

271st CBCS, Pennsylvania; 169th Intelligence Squadron, Utah; and the 143rd

CBCS, Washington.

896

17 May 1999. 18 ANG A-10s and approximately 510 mobilized personnel

from the 104th Fighter Wing (FW), 110th FW, and 124th FW left Barnes

Municipal Airport, Massachusetts heading for Italy to participate in Operation

Allied Force. They comprised the 104

Expeditionary Operations Group.

897

113

18 May 1999. The Acting Secretary of the Air Force F. Whitten Peters

directed that 109 members of the 255th Air Control Squadron (ACS), Louisiana

ANG, be mobilized for active duty in Southwest Asia under a Presidential

Selective Reserve Call-Up announced by the Secretary of Defense on 22

February 1998.

898

18 May 1999. F. Whitten Peters, the Acting Secretary of the Air Force,

directed the call-up of 44 Air Guardsmen from the following units: 103rd Air

Control Squadron (ACS), Connecticut; 117th ACS, Georgia; and the 128th ACS,

Wisconsin.

899

19 May 1999. The 104th Expeditionary Operations Group, consisting of 18 A-

10s and personnel from 3 ANG units, arrived at Trapani Air Base in Sicily for

Operation Allied Force.

900

21 May 1999. Air Guard A-10s from the 104th Expeditionary Operations

Group began flying Operation Allied Force missions.

901

21 May 1999. The Acting Secretary of the Air Force, F. Whitten Peters,

directed the mobilization of 752 Air Guardsmen from the 101st Air Refueling

Wing (ARW), Maine, and the 108th ARW, New Jersey under a Presidential

Selective Reserve Call-Up for Operation Allied Force.

902

26 May 1999. A small contingent of Air Guardsmen and A-10s assigned to

the 104

Expeditionary Operations Group deployed from Trapani Air Base,

Sicily, to Tazar Air Base, Hungary, to perform combat search and rescue

operations as required for Operation Allied Force.

903

26 May 1999. During a Pentagon press briefing, Maj. Gen. Charles F.

Wald of the JCS Joint Staff, observed that "many of those really well-trained

pilots are in the Guard and Reserve . . . . The Guard unit that arrived in

Trapani about a week and a half ago-the A-10s from Massachusetts, Michigan,

and Idaho-have an average flying hours per pilot of about 2,000 hours. Many of

them have combat time. So many of our real high-flying, experienced pilots are

in the Guard and Reserve."

904

27 May 1999. Approximately 100 mobilized members of the 271st Combat

Communications Squadron, Pennsylvania ANG, left for Europe to participate

in Operation Allied Force. They served in Turkey and Italy.

905

May 1999. Cuban government officially admitted that four Alabama Air

Guardsmen, serving as civilian contractors, had been killed on 19 April 1961

when their B-26s had been shot down during the Bay of Pigs invasion.

906

114

1-2 June 1999. An advanced party and four KC-135s from the 108th Air

Refueling Wing, New Jersey ANG, departed for an undisclosed location in

Europe to pave the way for additional unit members. The unit was called to

active duty to support NATO operations in Kosovo.

907

3 June 1999. Yugoslavia accepted an international peace plan for ending the

Kosovo conflict, bowing to NATO demands for withdrawal of all its army and

police forces and deployment of a NATO-dominated peacekeeping force to that

war-torn province.

908

4 June 1999. The Virginia ANG presented a proposal to the NGB to relocate

the 192

Fighter Wing from Richmond to Langley AFB and form a Virginia

ANG associate unit at the latter location to fly the new F-22 “Raptor” as part

of the Air Force’s First Fighter Wing when the latter organization received the

aircraft.

909

9 June 1999. Yugoslav military commanders signed a "military technical

agreement" with NATO military commanders for Yugoslav forces to begin

withdrawing from Kosovo on 10 June 1999.

910

10 June 1999. NATO suspended air attacks on Yugoslavia under Operation

Allied Force after intelligence reports showed Yugoslav military forces

evacuating Kosovo as agreed.

911

18 June 1999. Two Louisiana Air Guard F-15As from the 159

Fighter Wing

that had deployed to Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland for a NATO exercise

intercepted Russian TU-95 Bear bombers that had penetrated the Icelandic

Military Air Defense Identification Zone in a long range probe not seen since

the Cold War’s end. Two more Louisiana ANG Eagles, launched from

Keflavick, escorted the bombers out of the area.

912

20 June 1999. NATO officially ended the air war against Yugoslavia,

Operation Allied Force, after Serb forces had completed their withdrawal from

Kosovo.

913

21 June 1999. ANG A-10s from the 104

Expeditionary Operations Group

based at Trapani Air Base, Sicily, flew their final airborne close air support

alert sorties for Operation Allied Force.

914

24 June 1999. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen authorized the

redeployment of some U.S. military aircraft that had participated in Operation

Allied Force. He authorized 315 aircraft including 18 ANG A-10s from the 104

Expeditionary Operations Group to begin returning to their home stations.

915

115

24 June 1999. The ANG Crisis Action Team reported that, as of this date,

4,227 Air Guardsmen had been activated under the Presidential Selected

Reserve Call-Up for Kosovo operations and 2,976 of them had been deployed

away from home station for those operations. The ANG had deployed73 KC-

135s and 18 A-10s for those operations as of this date.

916

30 June 1999. All 18 ANG A-10s of the 104

Expeditionary Operations

Group departed Trapani Air Base, Sicily, for the continental United States.

The aircraft, their crews and support personnel had participated in Operation

Allied Force.

917

16 July 1999. The Defense Department announced that the Lockheed Martin

Corporation of Marietta, George had been awarded a $370 million modification

to an Air Force contract to produce seven more C-130J aircraft including four

that would go to the Air Guard.

918

27 July 1999. The 135

Airlift Group of the 175

Wing, Maryland ANG,

accepted the Air Guard’s first brand new C-130J (Aircraft # 97-1351) at its

home station, Martin State Airport.

919

28 July 1999. The 126th Air Refueling Wing, Illinois ANG, closed the Air

Reserve Station at O'Hare International Airport and prepared to complete its

move to Scott AFB, Illinois.

920

31 July 1999. The ANG Crisis Action Team at the Air National Guard

Readiness Center on Andrews AFB, Maryland, which had been activated to

facilitate the Guard's involvement in Operation Allied Force, was closed down

effective this date.

921

August 1999. National Guard magazine reported that the Air Guard had

purchased 586 AN/AVS-9 Aviator’s Night Vision Imaging Systems from ITT

Industries of McClean, Virginia to enable its pilots to conduct operations

around-the-clock as part of its “Combat Quadrangle” concept to upgrade the

combat capabilities of its fighter aircraft fleet.

922

3 September 1999. Capt. Julie Hudson of the Maryland Air Guard’s 175

Wing completed her final mission check ride and qualified as the ANG’s first

fully combat ready female A-10 fighter pilot.

923

14-18 September 1999. As Hurricane Floyd impacted the East Coast of the

United States from the Carolinas to Maine causing at least 57 deaths and an

estimated $6 billion dollars worth of damage, Air Guardsmen joined their Army

Guard counterparts in relief operations. In North Carolina, they flew 33,000

116

cases of food rations in 3 C-130s to flood victims and erected a tent city for 80

people near Wilmington’s airport. New Jersey Air Guardsmen from the state’s

two flying wings assisted Army Guardsmen in sand-bagging operations,

reinforcing a flood-weakened dam, and delivering supplies to victims of the

storm.

924

21 September 1999. Gen. Michael Ryan, the Air Force Chief of Staff,

presented five members of the Alaska Air Guard’s 210

Rescue Squadron with

the 1999 MacKay Trophy, the service’s highest award for meritorious flying, for

their daring 27 May 1998 mountaintop rescue of six people trapped in a

crashed Cessna 207. The rescue with their Pavehawk helicopter took nearly

seven hours due primarily to strong winds and thick swirling clouds above the

10,500-foot level of Mount Torbert 70 miles east of Anchorage where the crash

victims were stranded.

925

1 October 1999. The ANG and the Air Force Reserve were integrated with

the active duty Air Force in the service’s new Expeditionary Aerospace Force

(EAF).

926

The Air Force began implementing its EAF concept as the first of its

10 Aerospace Expeditionary Forces (AEFs) began deploying overseas. This

was known as AEF Cycle 1. The ANG had agreed to supply 10 percent of the

planes and personnel for each AEF.

927

1 October 1999. The first ANG pilot began flying with the Air Force 325th

Fighter Wing at Tyndall AFB, Florida as part of a new program in which the

Guard would provide flight instructors to help train new active duty Air Force

F-15 pilots. The ANG associate unit was designated Detachment 1 of the

Southeast Air Defense Sector.

928

15 October 1999. To participate in a training exercise known as “Operation

Foal Eagle’99,” 34 members of the Idaho Air Guard’s security forces deployed

to South Korea for two weeks.

929

16 October 1999. A crew and LC-130 from the New York Air Guard’s 109

Airlift Wing flew a six-and-a-half, 1,680 mile roundtrip in bitter cold weather

from New Zealand to the Antarctic coast and back to evacuate Dr. Jeri Nielsen,

the only physician at the National Science Foundation (NSF) research mission,

because she had found a lump in her breast. It may have been the earliest flight

following winter in the 70-year history of the NSF program. The flight took

place two weeks earlier than the scheduled resumption of flights which had

been terminated for the winter on 15 February 1999.

930

23 October 1999. The 126th Air Refueling Wing, Illinois ANG, raised the

American flag over its new home at Scott AFB, Illinois. It had moved from

O'Hare International Airport/Air Reserve Station to Scott in accordance with a

117

recommendation of the Base Reallignment and Closure Commission.

931

3 November 1999. The Columbia (SC) State newspaper reported that the

169

Fighter Wing of the South Carolina ANG had recently qualified most of

its pilots to hunt and disable enemy surface-to-air missile sites through the

use of the High Speed Anti Radiation Missile (HARM) Targeting System.

Consequently, the 169

was the only ANG fighter unit capable of performing

the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses mission using the HARM system.

932

13 December 1999. The 123rd Air Control Squadron Ohio ANG, was called

up under a Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up authority for duty in Kuwait.

73 members of the unit deployed to that nation.

933

13 January 2000. Elements of the 169th Fighter Wing, South Carolina ANG,

deployed from McEntire Air National Guard Base by commercial air to Incirlik

AB, Turkey to participate in Operation Northern Watch (ONW). It was the

first ANG unit to deploy operationally in the Suppression of Enemy Air

Defenses (SEAD) role, the first ANG unit to employ the High Speed-Anti

Radiation Missile in a SEAD mission, and the first to deploy a female ANG F-

16 pilot on an operational combat mission to ONW.

934

1 February 2000. The 187th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Wyoming

ANG, flew its first regularly scheduled peacetime medical evacuation mission

from Cheyenne, Wyoming to Colorado Springs, Colorado. It assumed this

mission from the Air Force.

935

18 August 2000. Pilots and six F-16s from the New Mexico Air Guard’s 150

Fighter Wing began flying with their Chilean air force counterparts at the

Diego Aracena Training Base in the northern part of that South American

nation in an exercise called Salitre 2000. The exercise ended on 3 September

2000.

936

9 September 2000. Iowa officials announced that the 185th Fighter Wing,

Iowa ANG, would convert from F-16s to KC-135 tankers by 2004. The

changeover was expected to cost $32.2 in construction and $30 million in

training and conversion costs. 10 KC-135s would be assigned to the unit.

937

30 September 2000. ANG vehicle maintenance personnel completed their

project of repairing vehicles on site in Qatar in the Persian Gulf region.

Altogether, over 300 Air Guardsmen on 13,500 man-days had supported the

repair of more than 1,100 vehicles since the project began on 1 October

1998.

938

1 October 2000. The California ANG established the 148

Space Operations

118

Squadron (SOPS) to help run the Air Force’s MILSTAR Operations Center at

Vandenberg AFB. The 148

SOPS was formerly the 148

Combat

Communications Squadron.

939

1 October 2000. Buckley Air National Guard Base in Colorado became

Buckley AFB. Responsibility for the installation shifted from the 140

Fighter Wing, Colorado ANG, to Air Force Space Command's 821

Space

Group.

940

4 January 2001. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., ANG Director, broke ground

for the new Chaplain Service Academy at the I.G. Brown Air National Guard

Training and Education Center at McGhee-Tyson ANGB, Tennessee.

941

11 January 2001. Pentagon officials announced that they had decided to

allow Guardsmen and Reservists to participate in sensitive nuclear-related

missions reversing a prohibition that was adopted in the early 1990s after the

Cold War ended.

942

20 January 2001. Texas Governor and former Texas Air National Guardsman

George W. Bush, a Republican, was inaugurated as President of the United

States. Bush was the only former Air Guardsmen to attain the Oval Office.

February 2001. Lt. Col. Mark Stephens, Vice Commander of the Ohio Air

National Guard’s 179t

Airlift Wing, became the first Air Guardsmen to assume

command of both active duty and ANG forces assigned to Operation Joint

Forge, the resupply of multinational peacekeepers in Bosnia. He was based at

Ramstein AB, Germany. Stephens served as Director of Operations until 5

March 2001 when the 179

returned all of its personnel to home station.

943

20-23 February 2001. Elements of Ohio’s 179

Airlift Wing and Kentucky’s

123

Airlift Wing were given an Expeditionary Operational Readiness

Inspection while deployed at Ramstein AB, Germany to participate in

Operation Joint Forge in the Balkans.

944

17 March 2001. A C-5 Galaxy assigned to the New York Air Guard’s 105

Airlift Wing delivered 65,600 pounds of relief supplies to earthquake-ravaged

El Salvador at the San Salvador International Airport.

945

8 April 2001. In a change of command ceremony, Brig. Gen. Mary Ann Eps

took over as the Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Connecticut. She was the

first African American female to hold that assignment in the ANG. General

Eps was a nurse in civilian life.

946

26 June 2001. Officials announced that Secretary of Defense Donald H.

119

Rumsfeld would propose cutting the Air Force’s fleet of 93 B-1B bombers by

nearly one-third. Under that Air Force initiative which caught Congress and

the NGB by surprise, ANG B-1B units in Georgia and Kansas would lose their

bombers and all unit funding as of 1 October 2001. No plans for follow-on

missions or funding for those ANG units were announced by the Pentagon.

947

June 2001. Oregon Air Guardsmen and F-15s from the 173

Fighter Wing

spent over two weeks in Poland demonstrating air-to-air combat techniques to

their new NATO allies.

948

31 August 2001. All ANG Operation Coronet Nighthawk fighter operations

ended on this date but the deployed fighter aircraft remained in 24-hour alert

status until they departed the island of Curacao. The Air Guard operation

had begun in 1990 using fighters to help monitor and interdict illegal drug

traffic in the Caribbean region.

949

11 September 2001. Major coordinated terrorist attacks were launched on the

United States. Two hijacked commercial airliners on domestic flights crashed

into the World Trade Center Towers in New York City this morning. Both

buildings and a nearby one subsequently collapsed. Shortly after the World

Trade Center buildings were attacked, another hijacked domestic airliner

crashed into the Pentagon causing tremendous destruction in a recently

renovated wedge of that building. A fourth hijacked domestic airliner crashed

in a rural area of southwestern Pennsylvania.

950

11 September 2001. ANG F-15s were scrambled from Otis ANG Base,

Massachusetts and ANG F-16s were scrambled from Langley AFB, Virginia to

intercept hijacked commercial airliners bound for the World Trade Center in

New York City and the Pentagon respectively but arrived too late to thwart the

terrorist attacks.

951

11 September 2001. Shortly after the four airliners hijacked by terrorists in

the U.S. crashed, the Pentagon gave NORAD the operational lead to use Air

Force fighters to patrol the skies over more than 30 American cities. Navy

fighters also flew just off the Atlantic coast, near New York. Within hours of the

terrorist attacks, 34 ANG fighter units had generated aircraft and were ready

to fly combat missions. 15 of those units had flown 179 fighter missions during

the first 24 hours. In addition, 18 ANG tanker wings had generated 78

aircraft.

952

11 September 2001. In response to the terrorist attacks on the continental

U.S., Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., the Air Guard’s Director, activated the

ANG Crisis Action Team (CAT). The CAT was located in the Air National

Guard Readiness Center at Andrews AFB, Maryland.

953

120

14 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld requested and

President George W. Bush approved an order to call as many as 50,000

Reservists and National Guardsmen to active duty “ . . . to provide port

operations, medical support, engineer support, general civil support and

homeland defense.” The Air Force’s personnel requirements were 13,000 of

these 50,000.

954

14 September 2001. Congress authorized use of the U.S. armed forces against

the terrorists who had attacked the country on 11 September 2001 and those

who harbored them.

955

15 September 2001. The ANG Crisis Action Team reported that, to date, 35

ANG fighter units had generated 603 sorties in connection with the terrorist

attacks on the U.S. on 11 September 2001. 18 ANG tanker wings had generated

72 sorties offloading 3.2 million pounds of fuel.

956

15 September 2001. Press reports indicated that fighter jets had been flying

combat air patrols over 30 major U.S. cities since the terrorist attacks on

September 11

957

18 September 2001. NORAD reported that ANG fighters continued to

maintain continuous combat air patrols over Washington, DC and New York

City as a result of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. In addition,

NORAD emphasized that a pair of ANG fighters were currently being

maintained on alert at each of 26 locations to respond quickly to any new

threats.

958

20 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced

that 5,131 members of the Air Guard and the Air Force Reserve had been

ordered to report to active service as part of the partially mobilization ordered

by President Bush.

959

22 September 2001. The Defense Department announced that approximately

5,172 more ANG and AFRES members had been called to active duty by

President George W. Bush in response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist

attacks on the U.S.

960

26 September 2001. Secretary of the Air Force James Roche confirmed that

the 116

Bomb Wing, Georgia ANG, would transition from B-1B bombers to

Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System aircraft and be redesignated

the 116

Air Control Wing. It would remain a unit equipped flying

organization. No date was given for either change.

961

121

26 September 2001. Secretary of the Air Force James Roche confirmed that

the 184

Bomb Wing, Kansas ANG, would transition from B-1B bombers to

KC-135 tankers and remain a unit equipped flying organization.

962

27 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld confirmed that

President Bush had authorized three midlevel Air Force generals -- including

Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, Commander of First Air Force and CONR - - to

order hijacked airliners that threatened American cities shot down without

consulting with senior military officials or the President if there was not

enough time to do so. If there was enough time, General Arnold would take the

decision to the NORAD commander who would bring it to Secretary Rumsfeld

who would try to reach the President.

963

27 September 2001. Responding to a presidential authorization, Maj. Gen.

Raymond F. Rees, Vice Chief of the NGB, issued guidance for the use of

National Guardsmen to help strengthen security at the nation’s airports

following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S.

964

28 September 2001. At the President’s request, National Guardsmen began

providing enhanced security at many of the nation’s airports. They were

activated in Title 32, United States Code status which enabled them to perform

law enforcement functions while remaining under the control of their

governors.

965

29 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced

that 5,131 members of the Air Guard and Air Force Reserve from 29 units in 24

states and the District of Columbia had been ordered to report to active duty

under partial mobilization authorized by President George W. Bush.

966

2 October 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced that

President George W. Bush had nominated Maj. Gen. Daniel James III, the

Adjutant General of Texas, to be the next Director of the Air National Guard. If

confirmed by the Senate, he would serve in the rank of lieutenant general.

967

7 October 2001. The Bush administration launched a war against

Afghanistan because its government had harbored the Al Qaeda terrorist

organization that had planned and conducted the 11 September 2001 terrorist

attacks against the U.S. The operation, which involved significant numbers of

Air Guardsmen from the outset, was named Enduring Freedom.

968

8 October 2001. Four EC-130E Commando Solo aircraft from the

Pennsylvania ANG’s 193

Special Operations Wing began broadcasting music

and information to the Afghan people as part of Operation Enduring

Freedom

969

122

15 October 2001. Air Guard officers from the Air Directorate, NGB briefed

their Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS) concept to Lt. Gen. Paul K.

Carlton, Jr., the Air Force Surgeon General.

970

16 October 2001. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., ANG Director, announced

that tanker force upgrades and recapitalization were the Air Guard’s greatest

modernization needs.

971

17 October 2001. Elements of the 186

Air Refueling Wing (ARW),

Mississippi ANG, and the 117

ARW, Alabama, formed a composite unit at

Incirlick AB, Turkey to support Operation Enduring Freedom. The two air

refueling wings switched lead unit status every 90 days.

972

31 October 2001. Effective this date, the Air Force’s 611

Air Control

Squadron at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska was redesignated the 611

Air Control

Squadron (ANG). The new Alaska ANG unit retained its established mission of

monitoring the state’s airspace for unidentified and potentially hostile

aircraft.

973

9 November 2001. The number of Air Guard volunteers serving in response to

the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and other

taskings peaked at 12,864.

974

5 December 2001. As part of Operation Noble Eagle, Florida Air Guard F-15s

from the 125

Fighter Wing patrolled the skies over the Kennedy Space Center

as the space shuttle Endeavor was launched. It was the first shuttle launch

after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S.

975

December 2001. The Rhode Island ANG’s 143

Airlift Wing became the first

U.S. military unit to be equipped with the brand new C-130J-30 Hercules

transport.

976

1 February 2002. Brig. Gen. David A. Brubaker, an Indiana Air Guardsman,

became the Acting Director of the Air National Guard pending Senate

confirmation of Maj. Gen. Daniel James, III, the Adjutant General of Texas, as

the president’s nominee to be the Director of the Air National Guard.

977

4 March 2002. Tech. Sgt. Keary Miller, a Kentucky Air Guard pararescue

specialist from 123

Special Tactics Squadron, cared for wounded personnel

and participated in a firefight with nearby enemy forces after the Army special

operations helicopter he was riding was shot down on a mountain named Taku

Ghar in eastern Afghanistan. For his heroism and professional skill during

that 15-hour ordeal in Operation Enduring Freedom, Miller was awarded the

123

Silver Star, the nation’s third highest award for valor.

978

1 April 2002. The total number of Air Guardsmen serving (voluntary and

mobilized) on federal taskings following the 11 September 2001 terrorist

attacks on the United States peaked at 24,566.

979

14 April 2002. The Los Angeles Times reported that the California Air

Guard’s 146

Airlift Wing at Channel Islands ANG Station was scheduled to

acquire eight brand new C-130J Hercules aircraft.

980

15 April 2002. The total number of Air Guardsmen serving in mobilized status

following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States peaked

at 21,011.

981

18 April 2002. An F-16 pilot assigned to the 183

Fighter Wing, Illinois ANG,

who thought he was under attack from unidentified ground forces mistakenly

dropped a bomb killing four Canadian soldiers and wounding eight more in

southern Afghanistan. The Canadians were conducting a live-fire training

exercise at night.

982

14 May 2002. The U.S. Senate confirmed Maj. Gen. Daniel James III, the

Adjutant General of Texas, as the new Director of the Air National Guard. A

Vietnam combat veteran, he would be the first African-American and the first

three-star general to hold that assignment.

983

21 May 2002. The National Guard Bureau reported that 17,933 Air

Guardsmen were serving on partial mobilization status in operations Noble

Eagle and Enduring Freedom. Another 6,078 ANG members were serving as

volunteers in those two operations. In addition, 248 Air Guardsmen were

helping to provide security at civilian airports while on state status (Title 32,

U.S. Code) performing active duty support work tours.

984

31 May 2002. The National Guard’s airport security mission ended. Since it

began in September 2001 following the terrorist attacks on the U.S., 8,597

Guardsmen had served at 444 airports across the nation. Several hundred of

them had been Air Guardsmen.

985

3 June 2002. Maj. Gen. Daniel James III, the Adjutant General of Texas and

a Vietnam combat veteran, became the Director of the Air National Guard and

was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. He was the first three-star

officer and the first African-American officer to hold that assignment.

986

22 June 2002. An aircrew from the 116

Bomb Wing, Georgia ANG, flew the

unit’s last scheduled B-1 training flight. The unit would become the 116

Air

124

Control Wing on 1 October 2002 and transition to the E-8C Joint STARS

(Surveillance Target Attack Radar System).

987

10-11 July 2002. Air Guardsmen from Alaska’s 210

Rescue Squadron,

operating with an HC-130 rescue tanker aircraft and an HH-60 helicopter,

rescued a Filipino sailor who was stricken with a serious case of appendicitis

1,000 miles at sea and delivered him to a hospital at Kodiak. The entire

mission lasted about 26 hours.

988

1 August 2002. Maj. Gen. Craig R. McKinley, assumed command of the

Continental United States NORAD Region (CONR) and First Air Force from

the retiring Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, in a ceremony at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

Both officers were Air Guardsmen.

989

3 August 2002. Lt. Gen. Russell C. Davis, a District of Columbia Air

National Guard officer, retired as Chief of the National Guard Bureau. He

was the first African American and only the third Air Guardsman to hold

that assignment since the ANG was established by law as a separate reserve

component on 18 September 1947.

990

4 August 2002. The last B-1 departed from the 184

Bomb Wing, Kansas

ANG. The unit was officially slated to become an air refueling wing effective 16

September 2002.

991

16 August 2002. The Air Force announced that it would extend the

mobilization of over 14,000 Guardsmen and Reservists into a second year as

part of the Bush administration’s “global war on terror.” The majority of them

were in security forces, one of the service’s most heavily used career fields.

992

August 2002. The Arkansas Air Guard’s 189

Airlift Wing began providing

initial training to all active duty U.S. Air Force C-130 loadmasters.

993

6 September 2002. Fighter aircraft temporarily resumed continuous 24 hour

combat air patrols over Washington, D.C. and New York City as the first

anniversary of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on those cities

approached.

994

17 September 2002. The last B-1 departed from the 116

Bomb Wing,

Georgia ANG at Robins AFB to the “bone yard” at Davis-Monthan AFB,

Arizona. The 116

was preparing to merge with the Air Force’s 93

Air Control

Wing (ACW) to become the 116

ACW, the Air Force’s first “blended wing,”

and fly the E-8C Joint STARS battlefield surveillance jet.

995

30 September 2002. Lt. Gen. Daniel James, III, ANG Director, told reporters

125

that, because the Air Guard was so heavily tasked by new missions that it

might have to refuse some missions to maintain its strength for the future.

996

17-18 October 2002. Astronaut and former Indiana Air Guard Flight

Surgeon David A. Wolf was launched into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle

Atlantis (STS-112) to participate in an International Space Station assembly

mission. It was his third space flight.

997

October 2002. The 201

Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia ANG, began

flying members of Congress and other government officials around the world

on the unit’s two newly-acquired C-40 transports, a military version of Boeing’s

737 airliner.

998

2 December 2002. Lt. Gen. Daniel James III, the Air Guard’s Director,

unveiled his transformational strategy known as “VANGUARD” in Denver,

Colorado at the ANG’s annual Senior Leadership Conference.

999

7 December 2002. An aviation package from the Pennsylvania ANG’s 111

Fighter Wing, including six A-10 aircraft, deployed to Bagram AB, Afghanistan

for approximately five weeks for Operation Enduring Freedom. Elements of the

175

Wing, Maryland ANG, deployed as well.

1000

26 February 2003. Thomas F. Hall, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve

Affairs, announced that there would be a “rebalancing” of missions between

the active duty and reserve components of the U.S. armed forces because of the

high demands being placed on the latter.

1001

2 March 2003. Approximately 300 members of the 118

Airlift Wing,

Tennessee ANG, were mobilized to serve at an undisclosed location in a

possible war against Iraq.

1002

17 March 2003. The last Operation Northern Watch mission was flown from

Incirlik AB, Turkey.

1003

17 March 2003. President George W. Bush issued an ultimatum giving

Saddam Hussein and his sons 48 hours to leave Iraq,

1004

20 March 2003. Conventional US and coalition ground forces began invading

Iraq. The war was named Operation Iraqi Freedom.

1005

25 March 2003. Maj. Gregory L. Stone, Idaho ANG, died of his injuries two

days after a U.S. Army soldier allegedly threw a grenade into his tent in

Kuwait. Stone was serving as an air liaison officer with the Army’s 101

Airborne Division.

1006

126

29 March 2003. SSgt. Jacob Frazier, a member of the Illinois ANG’s 169

Air

Support Operations Squadron, died when his four-vehicle reconnaissance patrol

was ambushed in southern Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom.

He was the first Air Guardsmen to be killed in action against enemy forces

since the Vietnam War.

1007

29 March 2003. As of this date, the ANG had flown 72 percent of Operation

Noble Eagle’s fighter sorties, 52 percent of its tanker sorties, and 35 percent of

its airlift sorties.

1008

29 March 2003. As of this date, the ANG had flown 24 percent of Operation

Enduring Freedom’s fighter sorties, 21 percent of its tanker sorties, and 6

percent of its airlift sorties.

1009

15 April 2003. The total number of Air Guardsmen serving in mobilized status

following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States peaked

at 21,011.

1010

1 July 2003. LTG H Steven Blum, USA, Chief, NGB, announced that

effective this date the Bureau would operate as a joint military headquarters.

Several new NGB joint staff elements became operational with his

announcement.

1011

30 July 2003. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld signed a memo to the

Chief, NGB directing the Bureau to examine ways to make the organization

and the entire National Guard more relevant and accessible in the current

national security environment.

1012

1 December 2003. Col. Linda McTeague assumed command of the 113

Wing, District of Columbia Air National Guard. She was the first woman to

command an ANG wing.

1013

17 December 2003. In a ceremony at its Long Beach, California plant, Boeing

delivered the first of eight brand new C-17 Globemaster IIIs to the Mississippi

ANG’s 172

Airlift Wing.

1014

27 February 2004. On this date, the 107

Fighter Squadron, Michigan ANG,

deployed ten F-16C aircraft on their AEF rotation to Iraq for Operation Iraqi

Freedom. They were the first F-16 unit in the total Air Force to operate from

Kirkuk AB, a former Iraqi Air Force installation. They employed the Theater

Airborne Reconnaissance System pod that had been developed by the ANG

in actual combat conditions.

1015

127

12 March 2004. Col. George T. Lynn, Georgia ANG, Commander, 116

Air

Control Wing (ACW), was promoted to brigadier general in a ceremony at

Robins AFB, Georgia. The 116

ACW was the first and only blended active

duty Air Force/ANG wing in the USAF.

1016

March 2004. Detachment 1, Headquarters Nevada Air National Guard was

established in March 2004 with the intent of developing it into the Air

Guard’s first Predator associate unit.

1017

2 May 2004. The Tennessee ANG’s 164

Airlift Wing in Memphis phased out

the last C-141 (tail number 60157) in the ANG inventory during a ceremony at

its home station. The aircraft’s call sign was “Elvis 73.” The unit was slated to

receive C-5s.

1018

5 May 2004. Two C-130s from the California Air Guard’s 146

Airlift Wing,

equipped with the Modular Airborne Firefighting System, dropped 21,600

gallons of fire-retardant on Santa Barbara County’s Cachuma fire.

1019

21 May 2004. The Alaska ANG officially took over the operation of Clear Air

Force Station and its early warning radar from the Air Force during a

ceremony attended by seven general officers including Gen. Lance Lord,

Commander, Air Force Space Command, and Lt. Gen. Daniel James, III, ANG

Director.

1020

16 July 2004. Retired Maj. Gen. Charles Sweeney, 84, a former commander of

the Massachusetts ANG, died. During World War II he piloted the B-29 that

dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki.

1021

27 October 2004. Maj. Gen. Marvin “Scott” Mayes, Alabama ANG, assumed

command of the Continental United States NORAD Region and First Air Force

at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

1022

17 November 2004. Gen. John P. Jumper, Air Force Chief of Staff, testified

before the House Armed Services Committee that “There’s nothing in any of our

plans that reduces the manpower of the Air National Guard. That’s point No. 1.

We will be asking the Air National Guard to transition into more modern

missions, along with the active duty. These more modern missions will include

different things, like space operations, information operations, command and

control, unmanned air vehicles.”

1023

24 November 2004. The Secretary of the Air Force and the Air Force Chief

of Staff signed a letter that directed MAJCOM commanders to provide plans

no later than 17 January 2005 to test key initiatives for more closely

integrating Guard and Reserve assets into active duty units and

128

operations.

1024

30 November 2004. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force approved an Air Guard

request to establish the 170

Operational Support Squadron, Nebraska ANG.

It would become an ANG associate unit of the Air Force’s 55

Wing. The

latter conducted a wide variety of global reconnaissance, intelligence,

information operations, command and control, presidential support, treaty

verification, training, and airlift missions from its home station at Offutt

AFB, Nebraska.

1025

1 December 2004. Air Force officials announced that Virginia ANG pilots

from the 192

Fighter Wing at Richmond would be partnering with pilots from

the Air Force’s First Fighter Wing to train on the F/A-22 Raptor, the service’s

newest fighter aircraft The Raptor was scheduled to deploy to Langley AFB in

May 2005.

1026

10 & 13 December 2004. Members of the Rhode Island ANG’s 143

Airlift

Squadron flew to Southwest Asia from their home station with their new C-

130J-30 transports. It was the first time that the C130J-30 had been deployed

by U.S. military forces to support combat operations in Afghanistan and

Iraq.

1027

17 December 2004. Air Force officers and their French hosts held a ceremony

at Istres, France marking the end of 10 years of U.S. Air Force refueling

operations for NATO operations in the Balkans from that base. The last Air

Force personnel and KC-135E aircraft were expected to leave Istres before the

month’s end. Air Guardsmen had played a major role in those operations.

1028

December 2004. The Air Guard participated in Operation Unified

Assistance, a multinational effort to deliver relief supplies and personnel to

coastal areas in Southeast Asia after the region was devastated by a tsunami

on 26 December 2004. At least one ANG aircraft – a C-5A from the 105

Airlift Wing from Stewart Air National Guard Base, New York – took part in

the massive airlift which ended in February 2005.

1029

1 January 2005. The 170

Operational Support Squadron, Nebraska ANG,

was activated at Offutt AFB, Nebraska. It was an associate unit of the Air

Force’s 55

Wing that was headquartered at Offutt AFB, Nebraska

1030

9 March 2005. In a letter to Gen. John P. Jumper, the Air Force Chief of

Staff, the President of the Adjutant Generals Association of the United States,

Maj. Gen. David P. Rataczak, Arizona ARNG, stressed that problems existed

with the Air Force’s Future Total Force (FTF) initiative “that could be very

detrimental to the National Guard to the point of irreversible deterioration. . . .

129

the FTF initiative seems to focus on accelerated reductions of current weapons

systems located predominantly in the Air National Guard and the relocation of

ANG units to active duty bases.”

1031

23 March 2005. The Air Force took delivery of its final E-8C Joint STARS

aircraft. It was the seventeenth production model of the aircraft - all of which

were assigned to the blended ANG/USAF 116

Air Control Wing at Robins

AFB, Georgia.

1032

11 April 2005. An aircrew from the Maryland Air Guard’s 175

Wing made

the first short field, dirt airstrip landing during an operational mission with a

C-130J in the United States Central Command area of operational

responsibility. The exact location of the landing at an air base in Southwest

Asia was not disclosed.

1033

13 May 2005. The Department of Defense (DOD) released its recommended

list of bases for realignment and closure to the Base Realignment and Closure

Commission. It recommended closing nearly 180 installations across the DOD

and, if approved as written, would have a major impact on ANG installations,

force structure, and modernization programs.

1034

28 July 2005. Col. Larry Gallogly, commander of the Rhode Island ANG’s

143

Airlift Wing, lauded the performance of two of his unit’s C-130Js and

four crews to the Middle East during a 120-day deployment (10 December 2004-

8 March 2005). While deployed, they flew 625 sorties and logged 1,371 hours

moving 7,031 passengers and 1,151 cargo pallets to locations in Iraq and

Afghanistan plus a few trips to the Horn of Africa.

1035

27 August 2005. The 159

Fighter Wing, Louisiana ANG, evacuated its F-

15 Eagle aircraft from home station because of the approach of Hurricane

Katrina.

1036

28 August 2005. The ANG Crisis Action Team, located at the Air National

Guard Readiness Center, Andrews AFB, Maryland, directed all Air Guard

units affected by Hurricane Katrina to initiate their hurricane relocation

plans.

1037

29 August 2005. The ANG deployed 50 of its medical personnel to the Joint

Reserve Base, New Orleans, Louisiana to establish an Expeditionary

Medical Support (EMEDS) facility.

1038

30 August 2005. An aircrew and C-17 from the 172 Airlift Wing,

Mississippi, flew the Air Guard’s first Hurricane Katrina relief mission. It

lasted three days.

1039

130

30 August 2005. The ANG deployed 23 more of its medical personnel to

Joint Reserve Base, New Orleans, Louisiana, to help operate an

Expeditionary Medical Support facility.

1040

30 August 2005. The National Guard Bureau reported that 840 Air Guard

personnel were on state active duty for Hurricane Katrina.

1041

30 August 2005. Air Guardsmen made 600 rescues one day after Katrina

made landfall on the Gulf Coast, 100 by helicopter and 500 by pararescue

specialists in ZODIAC boats.

1042

30 August 2005. An estimated 7,500 National Guardsmen were on duty along

the Gulf Coast of the United States supporting civil authorities 24 hours after

Hurricane Katrina battered that region.

1043

August 2005. ANG units participated in a Total Force effort to rescue seven

Russian sailors after their mini-sub became tangled in a fishing net 625 feet

below the surface. A C-17 Globemaster III assigned to the Mississippi Air

Guard’s 172

Airlift Wing flew non-stop from New Orleans NAS to Russia

carrying 95,000 pounds of equipment and personnel. Two KC-135s from the

Alaska ANG also supported the operation. Ultimately, the Russian sailors

were rescued by a British submarine on 8 August 2005.

1044

2 September 2005. The ANG Crisis Action Team at Andrews AFB,

Maryland reported that Air Guard airlifters had flown 389 sorties,

transporting 4,409 passengers and 1,605 tons of cargo in a single day

supporting Hurricane Katrina relief efforts.

1045

3 September 2005. In a preliminary account, the Air Guard reported that it

had flown 785 sorties that delivered 12,854 passengers and 39,013 tons of cargo

during its first three days of Hurricane Katrina relief operations. During that

same period, Air Guardsmen reported that they had saved 600 human lives

using helicopters and small boats.

1046

4 September 2005. Air Guard pararescue specialists saved 538 human

lives in one day. This was the highest single day total of saves by ANG rescue

assets during the Hurricane Katrina relief operation.

1047

4 September 2005. During their first 3 days of Hurricane Katrina relief

operations, Air Guard aircrews had flown 785 sorties, transporting 12,854

people and 39,013 tons of cargo.

1048

5 September 2005. LTG H Steven Blum, USA, Chief, NGB, requested that

131

the Secretary of Defense authorize National Guardsmen participating in

Hurricane Katrina recovery efforts under Emergency Management Assistance

Compacts between states be placed on Title 32, US Code orders for periods no

longer than 179 days. He also asked that that authority have an effective date

of 29 August 2005. If approved, that authorization would provide federal

funding for those Guardsmen’s’ service.

1049

7 September 2005. The Air Directorate, NGB reported that ANG C-130s had

flown their first Hurricane Katrina relief missions on 30 August 2005. It added

that 351 ANG C-130 Katrina relief missions had been sourced from 30 August

through 7 September 2005, an average of 39 per day.

1050

15 September 2005. President George W. Bush endorsed the Base

Realignment and Closure Commission’s plan to close 22 major military bases

while reconfiguring 33 others and sent it to the Congress.

1051

16 September 2005. Beginning on 30 August, the Air Guard had deployed

seven RC-26B aircraft and nine crews from 8 states to assist in Hurricane

Katrina relief operations in the Gulf Coast region. During 17 days of

operations, they flew 297.9 hours in support of those relief operations.

1052

16 September 2005. The National Guard Bureau reported that Air Guard

Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS) personnel had treated over 11,000

patients since they deployed to the Gulf Coast region to participate in

Hurricane Katrina relief efforts. In some remote areas, they provided the

only operational medical facilities available to civilians.

1053

19 September 2005. Air Guardsmen began flying disaster response air

support missions in preparation for the expected landfall of Hurricane Rita

on the Texas coast.

1054

21 September 2005. Hurricane Rita, packing 165-mph winds and destructive

power equal to that of Hurricane Katrina that had devastated the Gulf Coast

region earlier that summer, tracked through the Gulf of Mexico toward costal

areas of Texas and Louisiana.

1055

23 September 2005. Air Guard transports flew 27 sorties airlifting 257

passengers and 90 tons of cargo in Hurricane Rita relief operations.

1056

23 September 2005. The Deputy Secretary of Defense approved federal

funding, retroactive to 20 September 2006, for using the National Guard in

Title 32, US Code status to support Hurricane Rita disaster relief efforts.

1057

26 September 2005. President George W. Bush sought to federalize

132

hurricane-relief efforts, removing state governors from the decision-making

process as a result of lessons learned from the federal government’s widely

criticized response to Hurricane Katrina. He suggested that the Defense

Department should be placed in charge of responding to natural disasters,

terrorist attacks, and outbreaks of disease.

1058

30 September 2005. The National Guard Bureau reported that 350 members

of the Indiana Air Guard’s 181

Fighter Wing and 12 of their F-16s had

deployed to Kadena AFB, Okinawa in early September to fill in for an active

duty Air Force F-15 squadron that had been sent elsewhere as part of the Bush

administration’s “global war on terrorism.”

1059

29 November 2005. From 30 August 2005 through this date, the Air Guard

had flown 4,132 airlift sorties in relief efforts after hurricanes Katrina and Rita

devastated parts of the southeastern US. It had airlifted 34,639 passengers

and carried 11,496 tons of cargo during those relief efforts. In addition, its

transports had evacuated 2,046 patients from the region. ANG combat

controllers in helicopters evacuated another 23,604 endangered people in

Louisiana and Mississippi and moved them to local safe havens.

1060

24 January 2006. The Air Guard announced that over 400 members of

Indiana’s 122

Fighter Wing had arrived at Ballad Air Base, Iraq. They had

deployed 12 F-16s and some 35 pilots to that installation.

1061

26 February 2006. Governors from both the Democratic and Republican

political parties complained at the annual winter meeting of the National

Governors Association that the Bush administration’s policies were stripping

the National Guard of equipment and personnel needed to deal with natural

disasters and other emergencies at home.

1062

27 February 2006. The Air Force publicly unveiled its initial plan for Total

Force Integration - Phase II, that provided for closer integration of Guard and

Reserve assets with the active duty force.

1063

15 May 2006. In a prime-time televised speech from the Oval Office, President

George W. Bush said that he would send 6,000 National Guardsmen to the

porous U.S.- Mexican border beginning the next month to help staunch the flow

of illegal immigrants into the nation from south of that international boundary.

Guardsmen would provide intelligence, surveillance, and logistical assistance to

the U.S. Border Patrol during the next two years but not law enforcement

duties.

1064

20 May 2006. Maj. Gen. Craig R. McKinley, a Florida Air Guardsman, was

promoted to lieutenant general and assumed the post of ANG Director on this

133

date.

1065

3 June 2006. 55 Utah National Guardsmen were sent to the Arizona-Mexico

border on this date. They were expected to begin operations supporting the U.S.

Border Patrol by June 5

. The entire National Guard mission to strengthen

border security, directed by President George W. Bush, was known as

Operation Jump Start.

1066

15 June 2006. The first Arizona Guardsmen working under President George

W. Bush’s plan for the National Guard to strengthen border security began

arriving at that state’s boundary with Mexico.

1067

8 July 2006. Lt. Col. Steve Hopkins, USAF, took command of the Air Force’s

new 30

Airlift Squadron in a ceremony within a Wyoming ANG hangar at

Cheyenne. The Air Force unit would be under the operational control of the

Wyoming Air Guard’s 153

Airlift Wing and share the latter’s C-130

transports. The 30

would be attached administratively to Little Rock Air

Force Base’s 463

Airlift Group in Arkansas. The 30

was the first unit of its

kind associated with the ANG.

1068

4 August 2006. Following a Unit Compliance Inspection (UCI) by personnel

from the Air Force Inspection Agency, the Air National Guard Readiness

Center at Andrews AFB, Maryland received an overall “Excellent” rating. Five

of its eight inspection areas were rated “Outstanding.”

1069

16 August 2006. A ribbon-cutting ceremony at McConnell AFB, Kansas

opened the ANG’s newest and largest intelligence facility. The $7.4 million

center housed the Kansas Air Guard’s 161

Intelligence Operations Group.

1070

25 August 2006. The Air National Guard Readiness Center at Andrews AFB,

Maryland was renamed “Conaway Hall” after retired Lt. Gen. John B.

Conaway, a former Chief of the National Guard Bureau and a former Director

of the Air National Guard. He had been instrumental in having the center

built in the early 1980s.

1071

12 September 2006. The National Guard Association of the United States

urged its 45,000 members to lobby against legislative proposals from the Bush

administration that would permit the president to federalize National

Guardsmen during serious disasters without first consulting state

governors.

1072

28 November 2006. The Kentucky Air National Guard announced the

creation of the 123

Contingency Response Group in Louisville. It was the

first rapid air base construction unit to be formed within the ANG. Its mission

134

was to open runways. Load and unload aircraft planes, provide security, and to

create conditions that would enable follow-on forces to operate a successful

airfield.

1073

28 November 2006. The Air Guard formally established its first unit-

equipped MQ-1 Predator unit at March Air Reserve Base, California when the

163

Air Refueling Wing was redesignated the 163

Reconnaissance Wing.

1074

3-4 January 2007. A C-130 and Airmen from the Colorado Air National

Guard began dropped hay to starving cattle near Lamar, Colorado. A blizzard

had isolated the animals on ranches in that area. Augmenting the ongoing

work of Colorado Army National Guard helicopters, the C-130 hay drops were

conducted from the aircraft’s rear cargo door normally at 500 feet above ground

depending on the terrain.

1075

10 January 2007. The first of eight C-21 executive transports arrived at

Hector Airport, North Dakota. They were intended to serve as a bridge

mission for the North Dakota Air Guard’s 119

Fighter Wing between the

time it relinquished its F-16s due to the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure

process and 2010 when the unit was expected to obtain the proposed new

Joint Cargo Aircraft. The 119

was also slated to obtain Predator unmanned

aerial vehicles as it lost its fighter aircraft.

1076

135

NOTES

Rene J. Francillon, The Air Guard (Aerograph 2, undated), p.11; Charles J.

Gross, The Air National Guard and the American Military

Tradition,(Washington, DC: National Guard Bureau, 1995), p. 26.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 11.

Article (U), 1

Lt. Luther L. Walker, DC ANG, “A Coming of Age: Aviation

in the Army National Guard,” The National Guardsman, July 1971, p. 5.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 12; Article (U), Sylvia Ronzone, Public

Information Office, California National Guard, “The National Guard sprouts

its Wings,” The National Guardsman, January 1954, pp. 2-3.

Article (U), Ronzone, “The National Guard sprouts its Wings,” p. 3.

Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p. 5.

Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p.5.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 12; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 27.

Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p. 6.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 13; Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the

Army National Guard,” p. 6.

Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p. 6.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 14.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 30.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15; Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 30,

31.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15.

Allan R. Millett and Peter Maslowski, For The Common Defense. Revised

And Expanded, (New York City, NY The Free Press, 1994), p. 348.

Charles J. Gross, Prelude To The Total Force: The Air National Guard,

1943-1969, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, U. S. Air Force,

1985), p. 2.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p 31.

21. Juliette A. Hennessy, The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April

1917, (Air Force Historical Study No. 98, Maxwell AFB, AL U.S. Air Force

Historical Division, Research Studies Institute, Air University, 1958), pp. 131-

134, 183-187; Henry Greenleaf Pearson, A Business Man in Uniform: Raynal

Cawthorne Bolling, (New York: Duffield & Co., 1923), pp. 66-84.

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35; Dr. Daniel L. Haulman and

Col. William C. Stancik, USAFR, Editors, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits:

World War I, World War II, Korea, And Vietnam, (United States Air Force

Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, AL, 1988), pp. 6-7, 16, 17, 28.

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 29-30.

Haulman and Stanick, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p. 17; Gross,

American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35.

136

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35; Haulman and Stanick, Air

Force Aerial Victory Credits, p. 17.

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 35-36.

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35; Haulman and Stanick, Air

Force Aerial Victory Credit, p. 28.

Maurer Maurer, Aviation In The U.S. Army, 1919-1939, (Washington,

D.C.: Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, 1987), p. 94;

Charles J. Gross, American Military Aviation: The Indispensable

Army,(College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, Third Printing

2006), p. 56.

Article (U), “National Guard Air Units,” Washington Post,

11 February 1920, p 6.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17.

Col. Ron Ball, Executive Editor, The Maryland Air National Guard: A

Commemorative History, 1921-2000, (Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Co.,

2000), p. 25.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p 37.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17; Maurer, Aviation In The U.S. Army, p. 95;

Maryland Air National Guard, p. 31..

Rene J. Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, (London:

Aerospace Publishing Ltd, 1993), p. 22.

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 22.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 39.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 37-

38.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17.

Capt. Tim Childers, Editor, Tennessee ANG, Blackwood Field To Berry

Field, 1921-1986, (Dallas, TX; Taylor Publishing Co., 1986), p. 23.

Rpt (U), Militia Bureau, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief Of The Militia

Bureau, [FY] 1922,” Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1922, p.

34.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17; Col. Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard,

p. 35.

Maurer, Aviation In The U.S. Army, p. 95.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Col. Carl D. Jensen, CANGR, and CMSgt. Edward W. Burton,

CANGR, Flying Yankees: A History of the Connecticut Air

National Guard, (Connecticut ANG, 1973), p 2.

137

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Article (U), “Sham Air Battle Above Times Square Thrills Thousands,” New

York Times, 14 June 1925, p. 1.

Lt. Col. Paul S. Ritchie, Project Officer, Aces and Airships: 60

Anniversary, 141

Air Refueling Wing, Washington Air National Guard,

(Spokane, WA: Washington ANG, 1983), p. 23; Gross, American Military

Tradition, pp 36-37.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Rpt (U), Militia Bureau, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief Of The Militia

Bureau [FY] 1926,” Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1926, p.

69.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 21.

Colorado Pride, p XX.

Rpt (U), Militia Bureau, “Annual Report of the Chief Of The Militia Bureau

[FY] 1927,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1927, pp. 3, 77; Arkansas Air

National Guard, From Jennies To Jets; 50

Anniversary, 1925-1975, 154

Observation SQ., (Lear Siegler, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, circa 1975),

p. 4.; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 25, 104; Article (U),

“Another Flood That Stunned America,” U.S. News & World Report ,undated,

http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/050912/12leadall.b.htm.

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 35-36, 39-40, 55-56; Chart (U),

“USAF Recipients of the Medal of Honor,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p.

90.

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 19, 21.

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 21-22; Gross, American Military Tradition, p.

40.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Article (U), “Picks Plane Designs For National Guard,”

New York Times, 25 august 1927, p. 4, DOC 2007-1.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 40.

Article (U), “Curtiss Gets Army Order,” New York Times, 26 October 1927,

p. 20; Francillion, United States Air National Guard, p. 183.

Colorado Pride, pp. 38-39; Article (U), AP, “Threat of

Troops Quiets I.W.W. Strike,” New York Times, 30 October

1927, p 2; “Police Turn Machine Guns on Colorado Mine

Strikers, Killing 5 and Wounding 20,” New York Times, 22

November 1927, p 1.

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 22-23.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

p. 26.

Maj. Robert E. Hall, et. al., A History: 181

Tactical Fighter Group,

138

Indiana Air National Guard, 1921-1986, (Terre Haute, Indiana: 181

TFG,

Indiana ANG, undated), pp. 13-14.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 44.

Robert L. Daugherty, Weathering The Peace: The Ohio National Guard in

the Interwar Years, 1919-1940, (Dayton, OH: Wright State University Press,

1992), p. 124 and endnote 60 on p. 124.

Daugherty, Weathering The Peace, pp. 124-125.

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp 44-45; Lt Col

John F. Shiner, Foulois And The U.S. Army Air Corps, 1931-

1935, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, United

States Air Force, 1983), pp 125-149.

Lt. Col. John F. Shiner, USAF, Foulois And The U.S. Army Air Corps,

1931-1935, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, United States Air

Force, 1983), pp. 125, 132, 148; Rpt (U), National Guard Bureau, Subj.:

“Annual Report Of The Chief of the National Guard Bureau, [FY] 1934,”

Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1934, p. 12.

Capt Childers, Blackwood Field To Berry Field, pp. 43-44.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 42.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 24; Francillon, United States Air National

Guard, p. 201.

Hall, A History: 181

Tactical Fighter Group, pp 14,16; Article (U),

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, “Ohio River flood of 1937,” 13 December

2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937.

Childers, Blackwood Field To Berry Field, p.48.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 24; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

pp. 28, 187.

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 24-25.

Rpt (U), National Guard Bureau, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief of the

National Guard Bureau, [FY] 1938,” Washington, D.C.: United States

Government Printing Office, 1938, p. 26; Article (U), 146

Airlift Wing,

California Air National Guard, “North American 0-47,”

https://www.146aw.ca.ang.af.mil/aircraft.htm.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 25.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

p. 26.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 27-31.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Francillon, Air Guard, P. 19.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

139

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 28.

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 53.

100

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 31, 89.

101

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 31-32.

102

146

Tactical Airlift Wing, VANGUARD/50: The 146

Tactical Airlift

Wing, Fiftieth Anniversary, 1924-1974, (Van Nuys, CA: 146

Tactical Airlift

Wing, 1974), p.54.

103

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 32.

104

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

105

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 32.

106

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 33,122.

107

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 33; Chambers, American

Military History, p. 658.

108

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 32.

109

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 55-56.

110

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 36.

111

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 33; Chambers Francillon,

Air Guard, p. 36., American Military History, p. 343.

112

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 36.

113

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 33.

114

Colorado Pride, pp 63, 66, 215.

115

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 34-35.

116

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

117

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 35.

118

VANGUARD/50, p. 61.

119

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

120

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 34-35.

121

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 35.

122

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

123

MSgt Ernest J. Vardalas, Headquarters Illinois ANG, and TSgt Melvin M.

Bytnar, 126

Air Refueling Wing, Illinois ANG, Illinois Air National Guard:

Fiftieth Anniversary, 1927-1977, (Headquarters, Illinois ANG, First Edition,

August 1978), p. 96.

124

Rpt (U), Major Michael D. Soule, Michigan ANG, Subj.: “The Unit History

of the 107

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Michigan Air National

Guard, October 1940 To November 1945,” Maxwell AFB, AL. Air Command

and Staff College, Report No. 2390-78, April 1978, p. 40.

125

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 35.

126

Haulman and Stanick, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p. 295; Col. Ball,

The Maryland Air National Guard, p. 46.

127

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

128

Rpt (U), 102

Military History Detachment, Kansas ARNG, “The

Jayhawk Squadron: The History of the 127

Observation Squadron, 1941-

140

1945,” Topeka, KS.: Kansas ARNG, 24 January 1982, pp. 19-21.

129

Biography (U), Subj.: “Captain Donald J. Strait: 365

Fighter Group Ace,”

undated, http://www.acepilots.com/usaaf_strait.html; Article (U), “Air Force

Magazine’s Guide to Aces and Heroes,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p.80.

130

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

131

Brian Dexter Fowles, A Guard In Peace And War: The History of the

Kansas National Guard, 1854-1987, (Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University

Press, 1989), p. 128; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 125.

132

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1946, Washington, DC.: USGPO, undated, p. 80;

Study (U), Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-PAI-H, "Air National Guard

Headquarters: A Brief Organizational History," 18 June 1999, p. 1.

133

Gross, Prelude, p. 19.

134

Gross, Prelude, p. 19.

135

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), Richard F. McMullen, “The Air National Guard

In Air Defense, 1946-1971,” Air Defense Command Historical Study No. 38,

undated, p.1, info used was (U).

136

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 2,

info used was (U).

137

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 62.

138

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 4,

info used was (U).

139

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 40, 110; Gross, Prelude,

p 22.

140

Colorado Pride, p 215.

141

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 130-131.

142

Article (U), Lt. Col. Jack L. Baum, Aviation Group, NGB, “They Guard

Our Skies, The National Guardsman, February 1948, p. 5.

143

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 166; Joe Foss with

Donna Wild Foss, A Proud American: The Autobiography of Joe Foss, (New

York: Pocket Books, 1992), pp. 192—196, 205, 210, 264; Maj. Daniel M.

Hacking, South Dakota ANG, South Dakota Air National Guard, 1946 to

1986, (Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Company, undated), p. 18.

144

Douglas R. Hartman, Nebraska’s Militia: The History of the Army and Air

National Guard, 1954-1991, (Nebraska Military Department, Virginia Beach,

VA: The Donning Co., 1994), p. 172.

145

Article (U), "The Air Force in Facts and Figures," Air Force Magazine, May

1999, pp. 41, 103.

146

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 40.

147

Hartman, Nebraska’s Militia, p. 176.

148

Gross, "ANG Headquarters," p. 1.

149

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 9,

info used was (U).

150

Article (U), ”In the Spotlight,” The National Guardsman, March 1949, p.

141

26.

151

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Report of the Chief National Guard Bureau Fiscal

Year Ending 30 June 1949,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1950, p. 52; Colorado

ANG, Colorado Pride: A Commemorative History, 1923-1988,(Dallas, TX:

Taylor Publishing Co., 1989), p. 76; Article (U), “Missions Of Mercy,” The

National Guardsman, March 1949, pp. 6-10, 25.

152

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 66.

153

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 40.

154

U.S. Congress, House, “Hearings Before The Appropriations

Subcommittee On Department of Defense Appropriations For [FY] 1951 –

Part 3. Department Of The Air Force, February 7, 1950 – February 17, 1950,”

Congress, 2

Sess., (Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1950), p. 1672.

155

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1949,” Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1951,

p.22.

156

Article (U), “States Set Up Air Staff Sections,” The National Guardsman,”

January 1950, p. 29.

157

Monograph (U), Richard F. McMullen, “The Air National Guard in Air

Defense, 1946-1971,” (Ent AFB, CO: ADC Historical Study No. 38, undated),

p. 11.

158

Article (U), “States Set Up Air Staff Sections,” The National Guardsman,

January 1950, p. 29.

159

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 13,

info used was (U).

160

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 68-69, note #52.

161

Article (U), “Guardsmen Pegged for Air Force’s Highest Level,” The

National Guardsmen, March 1950, p. 32.

162

Article (U), “Guard Plays Major Role In USAF Gunnery Meet,” The

National Guardsman, May 1950, p. 15.

163

Gross, Prelude, p. 58.

164

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Report, Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year

1950,” pp. 22-23.

165

Gross, Prelude, p. 63; Major Robert C. Ritchie, Washington ANG, "History

of the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron -- 1951-1952," Student Report No.

84-2170, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, AL, Mar 1984, p. 1.

166

Robert Frank Futrell, The United States Air Force in Korea, 1950-1953,

Revised Edition, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, United States

Air Force, 1983), p. 111.

167

Hist (U), CONAC, July - December 1950, p. 239.

168

Lt. Col. Donald L. Armstrong and Col. James S. Long, Editors, Kentucky

Air National Guard, 1947-1977: Mustangs To Phantoms, (Kentucky ANG,

1977), p. 48.

169

Gross, Prelude, p. 62.

142

170

ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Historical

Archives.

171

Memo for Record (U), Col. Floyd E. Evans, Chief, NG Div./AFCRF,

Subject: “Mobilization of the Air National Guard,” 3 April 1951, COS (RG

341), AFCRF (1951), 300.61, National Archives.

172

Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, pp 48-50.

173

Gross, American Military Tradition, p 197; Article (U), Ellard Walsh,

NGAUS President, “In Memoriam: Major General Earl T. Ricks,” The

National Guardsman, February 1954, p. 5, DOC 2006-26, Air National

Guard Running Chronology (RUN CHRON).

174

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952" p. 2.

175

Memo for Record (U) Col. Floyd E. Evans, USAF, Chief NG Div., Office,

SA/RF, Subj.: “The Air National Guard,” 8 February 1951, RG 341 (300.61),

National Archives, p. 2.

176

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 148.

177

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 2.

178

Gross, Prelude, p 63.

179

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 2.

180

Memo For Record, Evans, “The ANG,” 8 February 1951.

181

Gross, Prelude, p 63.

182

Gross, Prelude, p. 64; Paper, NGB, Subject: "Data Concerning Air National

Guard Units Called Into Active Military Service," undated, in "Korean War -

ANG" File, NGB-PAI-H Archives, Air National Guard Unit Data Cards, ANG

Historical Archives, NGB-PAH.

183

Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," p. 4.

184

ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Archives;

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp 211-212; Richard F.

McMullen, “Air National Guard In Air Defense,” ADC Historical Study No.

38, p. 19; Memo For Record (U), Col. Evans, “Mobilizing the ANG,” 3 April

1951.

185

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 103; Memo For Record,

Col. Evans, “Mobilizing The ANG,” 3 April 1951.

186

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 111.

187

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 111.

188

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 162.

189

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 121.

190

Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," p. 6.

191

Transcript (U), AGAUS Annual Meeting, 26-27 February 1951, Part II, p.

282, National Guard Association of the United States (NGAUS), Library.

192

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 104.

193

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 176.

194

ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Historical

Archives.

195

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 166.

143

196

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 108.

197

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 158.

198

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 167.

199

ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Historical

Archives.

200

Douglas R. Hartman, Nebraska's Militia: The History of the Army and Air

National Guard, 1854-1991, (Virginia Beach, VA; The Donning Co., 1994), p.

181.

201

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 167.

202

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 127.

203

History (U), 136

FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, pp 1-2; Francillon, United

States Air National Guard, p 44.

204

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 145.

205

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," pp 8-9.

206

Gross, Prelude, p. 59.

207

Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," pp 11-13.

208

David R. McLaren, Republic F-84, Thunderjet, Thunderstreak, &

Thunderflash: A Photo Chronicle, (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military/Aviation

History, 1998), p 113.

209

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 160.

210

Paper (U), "ANG Units Called Into Active Military Service;" Sgt. Oscar F.

Jesperson, Editor, Thirty Years: The History Of The Utah Air National

Guard, 1946-1976, (Utah, ANG, 1977), p 14; ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG

Historical Archives, NGB-PAI-H.

211

McLearn, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

212

History (U), 136

FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, p 2.

213

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 111.

214

History (U), 136

FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, pp. 3-6; Gross, Prelude,

69; History (U), 136

FBW, July 1951, p i, Francillon, United States Air

National Guard, p 168.

215

History (U), 136

FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, p 14.

216

TSgt Lori Hellis, Oregon ANG, Editor, Guardians of the Pacific Northwest:

Oregon Air National Guard, A Commemorative History, 1941-1991, (Oregon

ANG, Taylor Publishing Co., 1990), p 25.

217

Gross, Prelude, p 86.

218

Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 9.

219

Memo (U), Maj. Gen. R. M. Ramey, USAF, Director of Operations,

DCS/Operations, HQS USAF, to Col., Frank T. McCoy, Jr., Deputy For

Civilian Components, Subject: Mobilized ANG Units, 25 June 1951, Box 880,

SAF (340), Correspondence (324.5 to 325), National Archives.

220

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 45.

221

Gross, American Military Tradition, p 79.

222

News Item (U), Air Reserve Forces Review, November 1951, p 4.

223

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: CNGB, Rpt, FY 1951, p.27.

144

224

History, 136

FBW, July 1951, p i.

225

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 99.

226

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 12.

227

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 112.

228

Futrell, The USAF In Korea, pp 401-402; McLearn, Republic F-84 Photo

Chronicle, p 114.

229

McLearn, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

230

Futrell, U.S. Air Force In Korea, p 402; Francillon, United States Air

National Guard, pp 45-46; McLaren, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

231

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

232

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 129.

233

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 120.

234

Paper, "ANG Units Into Active Military Service," Air National Guard Unit

Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

235

Gross, Prelude, pp 77-78.

236

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," pp 21-22.

237

Paper, "ANG Units Into Active Military Service," Air National Guard Unit

Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

238

TSgt Hellis, Guardians of the Pacific Northwest, p 24.

239

Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

240

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 106; Marcelle Size

Knaack, Encyclopedia of U.S. Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume

II, Bombers, 1945-1973,(Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978),

pp 69-86.

241

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 111.

242

Paper, "ANG Units Called Into Active Military Service," Air National

Guard Unit Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

243

Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

244

Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, Chief, Air Division, NGB, “The Post Korea Air

National Guard,” The National Guardsman, December 1951, pp 12-13.

245

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

246

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 45.

247

Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 28.

248

Paper (U), "ANG Units Into Active Military Service," Air National Guard

Unit Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

249

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 45.

250

Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

251

Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

252

Hist (U), SAC, July - December 1951, p 14.

253

Robert Hawk, Florida’s Air Force: Air National Guard, 1946-1990, (St.

Augustine, FL: Florida National Guard Historical Association, 1990), pp 41-

49; McLaren, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114; Gross, American

Military Tradition, p 80.

254

Hist (U), CONAC, July - December 1951, pp 266-267; General Ricks,

145

“The Post Korea Air National Guard,” pp 12-13.

255

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp 46, 126, 150, 175; Capt.

John W. Lewis, Information Officer, HQS, 167th Aeromedical Airlift Group,

WV ANG, 15 January 1970, "History of the 167th Aeomedical Airlift Group,

15 January 1943 - 31 December 1969," p 9.

256

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 131.

257

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 131.

258

Paper (U), "Data Concerning Air National Guard Units Called Into Active

Military Service" undated, ANG Korean War File, Korean War (ANG),

Documents, Drafts, Photo Lists, etc., Hollinger Box, ANG Historical Archives.

259

McLaren, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

260

Illinois Air National Guard Fiftieth Anniversary, 1927-1977, pp 40-41;

Hist (U), USAFE, July - December 1952, Volume I, pp 26-27,

261

Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

262

Colorado Pride, p 216; ANG Oral History (U), Joe C.

Moffitt, Maj Gen, Colorado ANG (Ret), by MSgt Steven L.

Stearns, ANGSC/CDH, and SSgt Tom Otto, 140 TFW/HO, 2

October 1986, p 21,

263

Lt. Col. William T. Bundy, NCANG, and Maj. Billy J. Reid, NCANG,

History Of The North Carolina Air National Guard, (North Carolina ANG,

1973), p 11; Lt. Col. Billy J. Reid, NCANG, History of the 263rd Combat

Communications Squadron, (263rd Combat Communications Squadron,

NCANG, 1979), p 3; ANG Unit Data Cards for Georgia, NGB-PAI-H

Archives.

264

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 170.

265

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 176, Air National Guard

Unit Data Cards, Historical Archives, NGB-PAI-H.

266

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 99.

267

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

268

Orlan J. Svingen, Editor, The History Of The Idaho National Guard,

(Boise, ID: The Idaho Military Division, 1995), p 112.

269

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 143.

270

Hist (U), CONAC, January-June 1952, p. 175.

271

Illinois Air National Guard Fiftieth Anniversary, 1927-1977, pp 40-41;

Hist (U), USAFE, July - December 1952, Volume I, pp 26-27.

272

Colorado Pride, p 87.

273

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 176.

274

Col. Carl D. Jenson, and CMSgt Edward W. Burton, Flying Yankees: A

History of the First Fifty Years Of The Connecticut Air National Guard,

(Connecticut ANG, 1973), pp 36-37.

275

Haulman, and, Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits , p 759.

276

Brian Dexter Fowles, A Guard In Peace And War: The History of the

Kansas National Guard, 1854-1987, (Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University

Press, 1989), p 138; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp 47-48.

146

277

Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p 51; Study

(S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 24-25, info

used was (U).

278

Hawk, Florida's Air Force, pp 51-52; Richard K. Smith, Seventy-Five

Years of Inflight Refueling: Highlights, 1923-1998, (Washington, DC Air

Force History and Museums Program, 1998), pp 34-35.

279

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

280

Gross, Prelude, pp 87-88; Charles J. Gross, “Armed Forces Reserve Act

(1952),” The Oxford Companion To American Military History, (New York,

NY: Oxford University Press, 1999), p 35.

281

ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAI-H, Air National Guard Historical

Archives.

282

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 169.

283

Haulman and Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p 757.

284

Air National Guard Unit Data Cards, Historical Archives, NGB-PAI-H.

285

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 163.

286

Svingen, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, p 153.

287

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 143.

288

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 147.

289

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 164.

290

ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAI-H, Air National Guard Historical

Archives.

291

Haulman and Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p 763; John

McCain with Mark Salter, Faith Of My Fathers, (New York, NY: Random

House, 1999), pp 318-319.

292

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 99-100; News Item (U),

“Prodigal Sun,” National Guard,” July 1987, p. 47.

293

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 153.

294

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 107.

295

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 161.

296

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

297

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

298

Hist (U), 15

Air Force, July - December 1952, pp 2-3, 110; Francillon,

United States Air National Guard, pp 48, 159.

299

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives; 116th Air Refueling

Wing (ARW), Aces and Airships: 60th Anniversary, 141st Air Refueling Wing,

Washington Air National Guard, (Spokane, WA.: 141st ARW, 1983), pp 64-

69.

300

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 154.

301

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

302

Francillon, United States National Air Guard, p 49; Svingen, History of

the Idaho National Guard, pp 110-111.

303

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 116.

304

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

147

305

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 120.

306

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 25-

26, info used was (U).

307

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

308

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

309

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

310

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 51; Gross, Prelude, pp 95-

98; Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 26-

27, info used was (U).

311

Haulman and Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, pp. 211, 755.

312

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 192.

313

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

314

Wayne Thompson and Bernard C. Nalty, Within Limits The U.S. Air

Force and the Korean War, (Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums

Program, 2000), p. 56; Vance O. Mitchell, Air Force Officers: Personnel Policy

Development, 1944-1974, (Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums

Program, United States Air Force, 1996), p 188; ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG

Historical Archives.

315

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

316

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

317

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

318

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives; Mitchell, Air Force

Officers, p 188.

319

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 199.

320

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 29-

30, info used was (U).

321

ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives,\.

322

Article (U), “In Memoriam: Major General Earl T. Ricks,” DOC 2006-26,

RUN CHRON.

323

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

324

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 203.

325

Article (U), “Speed Flight Kicks-off ANG Recruiting Drive,” The National

Guardsman, February 1954, p. 2.

326

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “ The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p 33,

info used was (U); Gross, Prelude to the Total Force, pp 116-117.

327

Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 53-54; Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air

National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 31, info used was (U).

328

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 31-

32, 35, info used was (U).

329

Article (U), Maj. Corb Sarchet, DC ANG, “The Air Guard’s Airlift . . .

Anywhere, Anytime” The National Guardsmen, January 1966, p. 11. See also

NGAUS Proceedings, 1954 Annual Convention.

330

Colorado Pride, p. 93.

331

Article (U), Gary Gault, NGB-PAH, “Proud Pioneer,” The On Guard,

148

February 2000, p. 15; Article (U), Maj. Roger Pharo and TSgt. John

Carothers, 177

Fighter Wing, New Jersey ANG, “On the Leading Edge of

History: The Story of 1

Lt. Thomas Williams,” Contrail, Vol. XXXII, No. 2,

February 1999, pp. 1, 6-8.

332

Article (U), Washington Report,” The National Guardsman, January 1955,

p. 9.

333

Article (U), “Washington Report,” The National Guardsman, January

1955, p. 9; Hist (U), 14th Air Force, 1 July 1954 - 30 June 1955, Supporting

Document (not numbered).

334

Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p.106; Charles J.

Gross, Ph.D., Adapting The Force Evolution of the Air National Guard’s Air

Mobility Missions, (Arlington, VA: NGB-PAI-H, 1999), pp. 10-11.

335

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj,: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1955,” Washington, DC.: USGPO, 1956, p.27.

336

News Item (U), “Guard Speeds Salk Shots,” The National Guardsman,

June 1955, pp. 27-28.

337

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report, Chief, National

Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1963,” undated, p 8; Rpt (U),

NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief National Guard

Bureau Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1957,” (Washington, DC:

USGPO, 1958), p 44; Document Archive (U), President of the

United States, “Dwight D. Eisenhower, XXXIV President of

the United States: 1953-1961, 192 – Statement by the

President Upon Signing the Reserve Forces Act of 1955, 9

August 1955,

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=10335, DOC

2007-2.

338

Flying Yankees, pp 45-48.

339

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp 36,

41-42, info used was (U); Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National Guard, p.

69.

340

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 144.

341

Article (U), “Pentagon Paragraphs,” The National Guardsman, August

1956, p. 13.

342

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1946,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1957,

p. 35.

343

Article (U), Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, Chief, Air Force Division, NGB,

“Air National Guard Radar Crews Need Skill, Not Luck, When a Plane Goes

Down at Sea,” The National Guardsman, June 1958, p. 4.

344

Article (U), CWO John W. Listman, Jr., Virginia Army National Guard

(Ret.), “Sisters In Arms,” National Guard, March/April 2002, p. 89.

345

Article (U) 2

Lt. Darin Overstreet, Colorado National Guard, “Air

Guard’s first, only demo team honored,” The On Guard, October 2006, p. 5;

149

Table (U), “Secretaries of the Air Force,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p.

44; Maj. Charles Whitley, Project Coordinator, Colorado Pride: A

Commemorative History Of The Colorado Air National Guard, 1923-1988,

(Dallas, TX.: Taylor Publishing Company, 1989), p. 96.

346

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p 45,

info used was (U).

347

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 144.

348

Email (U), CMSgt David P. Anderson, NGB-PAI-H, to Charles Gross,

NGB-PAI-H, Subj.: “FW: ANG P-51 Mustang,” 9:19 AM, 4 October 2006,

DOC 2006-18, RUN CHRON.

349

News Item (U), “ANG Gets Atomic Testing,” The National Guardsman,

January 1958, pp. 24-25.

350

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1957,” Washington, DC.: 1958, p. 39.

351

Article (U), “Washington Report,” The National Guardsman, July 1957, p.

13.

352

Article (U), Sarchet, “The Air Guard’s Airlift . . .,” p. 12.

353

147th Fighter Group (AD), Texas ANG,"A History of the Air National

Guard Jet Instrument School," undated, pp 7-9.

354

Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, pp. 137, 187.

355

Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p. 200.

356

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1958,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1959,

p. 50.

357

William J. Watt and James R. H. Spears, Editors, Indiana’s Citizen

Soldiers: The Militia and National Guard in Indiana History, (Indianapolis,

IN: The Indiana State Armory Board, 1980), p 155.

358

Monograph (U), Donna L. Clark, William Tell” United States Air Force

Air Force Air-To-Air Weapons Meet,” (Langley AFB, VA: ACC Office of

History, Second Edition, September 1994), p. 10; Gross, The Air National

Guard and the American Military Tradition, p. 89.

359

Article (U), “First with the Falcon,” The National Guardsman, August

1959, pp.4-5; Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, pp. 134, 202.

360

News Item (U), “ANG Unit Trains at Canaveral,” The National

Guardsman, May 1959, p. 24.

361

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1959,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1960,

p. 50.

362

Article (U), “The Air Guard’s first, only demo team honored,” The On

Guard, October 2006, p. 5; Colorado Pride, pp. 100-101.

363

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 57.

364

Colorado Pride, p. 101.

365

Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p. 192.

150

366

News Item (U), “Air Guard Gets Demonstration Role,” The National

Guardsman, October 1959, p. 9.

367

Article (U), “Guard Shows Firepower, Saves Dollars,” The National

Guardsman, February 1960, p. 12.

368

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p. 2; Oral History (U), Maj. Gen. Winston P.

Wilson, ANGUS (Ret.), by Charles J. Gross, 17-18 December 1978, AFLC

Oral History No. 19, pp. 9-11; Article Sarchet, “The Air Guard’s airlift . . . ,” p.

12; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

369

News Item (U), “Troops Feed Snowbound Livestock,” The National

Guardsman, February 1960, pp. 21-22; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report

of the Chief National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1960,” undated, p. 23.

370

Gross, Prelude, p. 64; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 59;

Article (U), Col. W.D. McGlasson (Ret.), “Anywhere, Anytime in a C-97,”

National Guard, September 1985, pp. 28,29.

371

Article (U), “Operation Ice Box,” The National Guardsman, May 1960,

p.13.

372

Gross, Prelude, p. 116; Chart (U), “Secretaries of the Air Force, Air Force

Magazine, May 2006, p. 44..

373

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 193; Photo Caption (U),

Subj.: SC ANG F-104 Starfighters, The National Guardsman, April 1960, p.

23.

374

Article (U), “January-March Brings ‘Big Swap’ to ANG; 104s Delivered-

F102s, C123s On The Way!,” The National Guardsman, May 1960, p. 14.

375

Colorado Pride, pp 106-107, 111.

376

News Item (U), “Ski Planes Deliver Supplies,” The National Guardsman,”

August 1960, p. 26.

377

News Item (U), “Ski Planes Deliver Supplies,” The National Guardsman,

August 1960, p. 26.

378

Article (U), “Texas Gets Air Guard’s First F 102s,” The National

Guardsman, August 1960, p. 18.

379

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 181.

380

Warren Trest and Donald Dodd, Wings of Denial: The Alabama Air

National Guard’s Covert Role At The Bay of Pigs, (Montgomery, AL: New

South Books, 2001), p.19; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p.

98.

381

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 100, 188.

382

Maj. Gen. John Pershing Jolly, Adjutant General of New Mexico, History,

National Guard of New Mexico, 1606-1963,(Santa Fe, New Mexico, 30

September 1963), p 132; Article (U), “Out Of A Clear Blue Sky,” The National

Guardsman, June 1961, p. 3..

383

Trest and Dodd, Wings of Denial, pp.11, 13, 134

384

Rpt (U), Lt. Col. Archie J. Berberian, NY ANG, Command-Sponsored

Research Fellow, Airpower Research Institute (ARI), Subj. “Return of the

Strategic Minuteman,” Research Report No. AU-ARI-88-2, (Air University

151

Press, Maxwell AFB, AL, December 1989), p. 4.

385

"A History Of The Air National Guard Jet Instrument School," p. 9;

Article (U), “Only All-Air Guard School Shuts Down,” The National

Guardsman, October 1961, p. 16.

386

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 89; . Francillon, United States Air National

Guard, pp. 61, 119.

387

News Item (U), “Guardsmen Train Chinese Fliers,” The National

Guardsman, July 1961, p. 25.

388

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 119.

389

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p.60.

390

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 91.

391

News Item (U), “Operation Hook-Up,” The National Guardsman,

November 1961, p. 40.

392

TSgt. Paul W. Cook, III, Through Airmen’s Eyes: An Introduction to the

Enlisted History and Heritage of the Air National Guard, (Arlington, VA:

NGB-PAH, undated), p. 34.

393

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 91.

394

Gross, American Military Tradition, p 91.

395

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 60; Gross, American

Military Tradition, pp. 90-91; Monograph (U), Royce E. Eckwright, “Air

National Guard Deployment To USAFE Area,1961-1962” USAFE Historical

Division OI, December 1962, p. 17.

396

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 60; Eckwright, “Air

National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” p. 32-33.

397

News Item (U), “Air Defense Command’s Other Arm,” The Air Reservist,

March 1962, p. 9.

398

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1962,” p.37.

399

News Item (U), “Dover to Vietnam,” The Air Reservist, December 1962,

.13; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 149.

400

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1962,” p. 77.

401

Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 84-85.

402

Article (U), Lt. Col. Allan R. Scholin, HQ DC ANG, “New Tasks for Air

National Guard Mobile Communicators,” The Air Reservist,

September/October 1962, p. 5.

403

Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 83-84;

Charts( U), “USAF Leaders Through the Years,” Air Force Magazine, May

2006, p. 44.

404

Maj. James M. Doran, Editor-in-Chief, Delaware Air

National Guard, 1946-1986, (New Castle, Delaware: 166

TAG,

1986), p. 67.

405

Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 83-85;

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 60, 103, 165, 167.

152

406

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

407

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 60, 103, 165, 167;

Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 83-85

408

News Item (U), “Air Guard Opens Radar School,” The National

Guardsman, November 1962, p. 12.

409

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 61-62; Berberian,

“Strategic Minuteman,” p. 8.

410

Article (U), Major James Elliott, “Mission to Kabul Takes 97 Crew Around

the World,” The National Guardsman, January 1963, pp. 69.

411

News Items (U), “You Ought to know,” The National Guardsman,

November 1962, p. 13.

412

Gross, Prelude, p. 147.

413

News Item (U), “Aircraft Markings,” The Air Reservist, February 1963, p.

10.

414

Biographical Sketch (U),”USAF Major Robert A. Rushworth, Maine’s First

U.S. Astronaut,” 3 August 1963, Astronaut File, ANG Historical Archives;

Biography (U), Air Force Link, Subj.: “Major General Robert A. Rushwoth,”

undated, http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6993. In a 17 November 2006

telecon with Dr. Roger L. Launius, Chief of Space History at the

Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Charles J. Gross, Chief

of ANG History in the NGB learned that NASA does not recognize Air Force-

granted astronaut wings. According to the international convention which

NASA adheres to, space begins at 60 miles above the earth’s surface not 54

miles.

415

News Item (U), “Constellations for Air Guard,” The Air Reservist, July

1963, p. 6.

416

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp.106, 130, 162, 164, 174.;

News Item (U), “Four Groups Get ‘Air Commando’ Designation,” The

National Guardsman, August 1963, p. 2.

417

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal

Year 1964,” undated, p. 64.

418

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 62, 98, 112, 137-138;

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1964,” pp. 63-64.

419

News Item (U), “Changing the Guard,” The National Guardsman, August

1963, p. 23; Article (U), “Gen Wilson New Chief, NGB,” The National

Guardsman, October 1963, pp. 7, 9.

420

Clark, “William Tell,” pp. 21-25.

421

Paper (U), NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston Texas, Subj.:

Biographical Data: Russell L. Schweickart (Mr.), NASA Astronaut, July 1968;

Paper (U), NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, Subj.:

Biographical Data: Russell L. Schweickart, NASA Astronaut (Former),

undated, http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/schweickart-rl.html;

Biography (U), Subj.: “Biog – Russell L. Schweickart, Astronaut,” 31

153

December 1963, Astronauts (ANG) File, ANG VIPs Box, ANG Historical

Archives.

422

Article (U), Major W. D. McGlasson, “Suitcase Air Force – Air Guard

Style,” The National Guardsman, February 1965, p.6; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.:

“Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1964,” p.

64.

423

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1964,” p. 64.

424

News Item (U), “ ‘Eventual’ Air Guard-Reserve Merger OK’D ‘In

Principle’,” The National Guardsman, March 1964, p. 32.

425

Article (U), “Guardlift I,” The National Guardsman, October 1964, pp. 7-

15.

426

Article (U), Capt. Dempsey A. Anderson, Alaska ANG, “Air Guard

Responds Rapidly to Alaska Crisis,” The Air Reservist, May 1964, pp. 3-4.

427

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1965,” undated, p. 53; Article (U), “New Pep for OLD

Tankers,” The National Guardsman,” November 1964, p. 36; Francillon,

United States Air National Guard, pp. 118, 178; Gross, American Military

Tradition, pp. 115-116 .

428

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 144, 204.

429

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1964,” p. 61.

430

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986 – CY 1991, pp. 50-51, info used was (U).

431

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1964,” undated, p.17.

432

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 93-94.

433

Rpt (U), NGB. Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1965,” undated, p. 16.

434

Article (U), “Disaster In The Northwest . . . The Guard Was There!,” The

National Guardsman, February 1965, pp. 19-20.

435

Article (U), “Space-Age Air Guardsmen Track Satellites for USAF,” The

National Guardsman, December 1964, p. 32.

436

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 87-88; Article (U), “One Reserve

Force: The Air National Guard,” The National Guardsman,” February 1965,

p.16.

437

Article (U), Donald W. Coble, NGB, “They called it ‘Highland Fling’, “ The

National Guardsman, June 1965, pp. 8-12.

438

Article (U), “Guardlift II,” The National Guardsman, October 1965, pp. 15-

20.

439

Gross, Prelude, , p. 148; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p.

156; Francillon, Air Guard, p. 59; Berberian, “Return of the Strategic

Minuteman,” p. 9.

440

News Item (U), “ ‘Talking Bird’ Flies To Dominican Crisis,” The National

Guardsman, June 1965, p. 38.

154

441

News Item (U), “Air Guard Gets Last of TAC’s ‘Thunderstreaks’,” The

National Guardsman, July 1965, p. 15.

442

Colorado Pride, p 126.

443

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. 136, info used was (U).

444

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal

Year 1969,” undated, pp. 43-44; Francillon, United States Air National

Guard, p. 62; Chronology (U), HQ MAC/HO, “Military Airlift Command,

Aeomedical Chronology, Southeast Asia (1964 – 1968),” undated, p. 2; Gross,

Adapting The Force, p. 26.

445

News Item (U), “ ‘Peaking’ Units Reach For Higher Readiness,” The

National Guardsman, October 1965, p. 20.

446

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal

Year 1966,” undated, p.53; Email, AFHSO, Subject: This Date in Aerospace

History, 18 October 2006. This message provided the 18 October 1965 date

for the deployment of the 107

TFG, NY ANG, to Hawaii to participate in an

exercise, This was the first time an ANG tactical unit did so to the Pacific for

a peacetime training exercise.

447

Gross, Adapting the Force, p. 27.

448

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, pp.136-137, info used was (U).

449

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 4; Gross, Adapting The Force, p.28.

450

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. 136, info used was (U).

451

News Item (U), “Ex-Guardsman To Be Astronaut,” The National

Guardsman, May 1966, p. 38.

452

Article (U), “The Peaceful Invasion,” The National Guardsman, August

1966, p. 38.

453

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal

Year 1966,” undated, p. 55.

454

Article (U), “ ‘Volunteers’ Double Field Training To Ease MAC’s Viet Nam

Aeromed Load,” The National Guardsman, June 1966, p. 13.

455

News Item (U), “Air Transport Units Take Over USAF Routes,” The

National Guardsman, October 1966, p. 26; Article (U), A1C Timothy R.

Hutchens, “Operation Combat Leave,” The National Guardsman, September

1966, pp. 28-29.

456

News Item (U), “Governors Notified Three MAC Units To Stay,” The

National Guardsman, November 1966, p. 16.

457

News Item (U),”Air National Guard’s ‘positive day-to-day contributions’,’

The Air Reservist. December 1966/January 1967, p.4.

458

Article (U), Richard Sanderson, Chief, IO, GEEIA, “ ‘Fast Race’ Entered

and Won,” The Air Reservist, February 1967, pp. 8-9; Cook, Through Airmen’s

Eyes, p. 43.

459

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1967,” untitled, p 13.

460

Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p 74,

info used was (U).

155

461

News Item (U), “Air Guard C124s Make First Runs To Vietnam,” The

National Guardsman, May 1967, p. 27.

462

Gross, Mobility Milestone, p 5.

463

News Item (U), “Kansas Train USAF Aircrews And Ethiopian Airman,”

The National Guardsman, April 1967, p. 16.

464

News Item (U), “Air Guard Flies 1000

Mission To Viet Nam,” The

National Guardsman, August 1967, p. 20.

465

Article (U), MSgt. William F. Armocida, Pennsylvania ANG, “The Air

National Guard NCO Academy,” The National Guardsman, October 1967, p.

16; News Item (U), “Air Guard Academies Evolve Into Permanent

Institution,” The National Guardsman, April 1968, p. 31.

466

Gross, Adapting The Force, pp. 28-29.

467

Article (U), “Alaska National Guardsmen Aid In Flood Disaster,” The

National Guardsman, October 1967, p. 30; Article (U), Capt. Mike

Hershberger, “Flood Busters, Inc.,” The Air Reservist, October 1967, pp. 6-7.

468

Article (U), “Guard’s Airlift Curtailed: ‘Associate’ Concept Advanced,” The

National Guardsman, August 1967, p. 20.

469

News Item (U), “Puerto Rico ANG Flies Venezuela Mercy Missions,” The

National Guardsman, October 1967, p. 33.

470

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 162; Gross, Adapting The

Force, p. 30; Lt. Col. Christopher T. Cleaver, Public Affairs Officer, PA ANG,

Editor, Guardians in Blue: Pennsylvania Air National Guard’s Golden

Legacy,(Pennsylvania ANG, undated), p. 19.

471

News Item (U), “The ‘Can Do’ Spirit,” The Air Reservist, February 1968, p.

472

News Item (U), “Texas Guardsmen Busy In ‘Beulah’s’ Wake,” The

National Guardsman, November 1967, pp. 40-41.

473

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1968,” undated p. 59.

474

Colorado Pride, pp 128 217.

475

News Item (U), “Ex-Air Guard Chaplain Wins Medal Of Honor,” The

National Guardsman, February 1970, p. 33.

476

News Item (U), “Guardsmen From Four States Aid Snowbound Areas,”

The National Guardsman, February 1968, pp. 32-33.

477

Gross, Prelude, p. 156.

478

Biography (U), Ohio ANG, Subj.: “Major General Errol H. Zistel, July 16,

1895-January 25, 1968,” Errol H. Zistel File, ANG VIPs, ANG Historical

Archives.

479

Article (U), Donald W. Coble, “Our Man In Headquarters,” The National

Guardsman, February 1968, p.4.

480

News Item (U), “Guard Back In ‘Airlift Business’ In Wake of Troop

Deployment,” The National Guardsman, March 1968, p. 12; News Item (U),

“ANG Airlft Units Pinch-Hit Again For MAC,” The National Guardsman,

April 1968, pp. 29-30.

156

481

Gross, Prelude, p. 158; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp.

65-66, 161, 214.

482

Col, Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, pp. 89, 96.

483

Article (U), “Civil Disturbances: The Aftermath …or the Intermission,”

The National Guardsman, June 1968, pp. 8, 12.

484

Rick Mitchell, A History of the District of Columbia Air National Guard,

(Andrews AFB, MD: DC ANG, October 4, 1996, Final Edition), p.60.

485

Gross, Prelude, pp. 158-159; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

pp. 65, 214.

486

Gross, Prelude, pp. 158-159.

487

News Item (U), “Four Air Guard Airlift Units Get One-Year ‘Stay of

Execution’,” The National Guardsman, May 1968, pp. 24-25.

488

Colorado Pride, p 132.

489

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Report, Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year

1968,” p. 43; Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995 – CY 1997, p. 187; News Item (U), “Air

Guard Academies Evolve Into Permanent Institution,” The National

Guardsman, April 1968, p. 31.

490

Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National Guard, pp. 89, 90-91.

491

Hist (S/RD/NOFORN), Aerospace Defense Command, Fiscal Year 1969, p.

87, info used was (U).

492

News Item (U), “Air Guard Opens Ranks For ‘WAF-ANG’ In July,” The

National Guardsman, March 1968, p. 13.

493

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 65; Maj. LeRoy H. Meyer

(Ret.), Editor, The Story of the 184

/127

Kansas Air National Guard,

McConnell AFB, Wichita, Kansas, 1941-1986,(McConnell AFB, KS: 184

TFG, Kansas ANG, n.d.), pp. 130-131.

494

Gross, Prelude, pp. 164-165; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

pp. 66, 104.

495

Hist (S/RD/NORFORN), Aerospace Defense Command, Fiscal Year 1969,

p. 87, info used was (U).

496

Hist (S/RD/NOFORN), Aerospace Defense Command, Fiscal Year 1969, p.

88, info used was (U).

497

News Item (U), “Air Guard Fighter Pilots Deploy World-Wide,” The

National Guardsman, July 1968, p. 14; News Item (U), “First Air Guard

‘Deuce’ Pilots Join Active AF In ‘Palace Alert’,” The National Guardsman,

August 1968, p. 9.

498

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. 136, info used was (U).

499

Gross, Prelude, pp. 164-165; Francillon, United States Air National

Guard, pp. 66, 141.

500

Colorado Pride, p 217.

501

Rpt (U), NGB. Subj.: “Annual Report, Chief, National

Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1969,” undated, p 17.

502

Gross, Prelude, pp. 164-165; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

pp. 66, 126-127.

157

503

News Item (U), “First Three Air Guard WAF Complete Basic Training,”

The National Guardsman, April 1969, p. 36.

504

Article (U), “Air Guard Astronaut,” The National Guardsman, May 1969,

pp.18-19.

505

Colorado Pride, p 217.

506

News Item (U), “Illinois Air Refuelers Haul Hospital Unit To Bermuda,”

The National Guardsman, March 1969, p. 35.

507

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 66.

508

Meyer, The Story of the Kansas Air National Guard, pp. 136-137.

509

Gross, Preludee, pp. 159-160.

510

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 214.

511

Article (U), “ ‘a Palace’ or two,” The National Guardsman, October 1970, p.

33.

512

Article (U), “The Guard vs. ‘Camille’. . . Massive Response to Nature’s

Destructiveness,” The National Guardsman, October 1969, pp.14-19.

513

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 197.

514

News Item (U), “ ‘Palace Alert’ Draws 100-Plus Air Guard Pilots,” The

National Guardsman, December 1969, p. 38.

515

Colorado Pride, p 149.

516

Article (U), “From Fighters To Trainers: The Hot Outfit,” The Air

Reservist, May 1970, pp. 10-11.

517

News Item (U), “New Aircraft, Missions Keep Air Guard’s Status,” The

National Guardsman, March 1970, p. 25; Francillon, United States Air

National Guard, pp.120,159,178.

518

Article (U), “When The Guard Carried The Mail,” The National

Guardsman, May 1970, p.26; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief,

National Guard Bureau Fiscal Year 1970,” undated, p. 26.

519

News Item (U), “Two Air Guardsmen In APOLLO XIII,” The National

Guardsman, May 1970, p 22; Roger D. Launius, NASA: A History of The U.S.

Civil Space Program, (Malabar, FL.: Krieger Publishing Co., 1994), p. 91.

520

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197; Pamphlet (U), Julius

Rothstein, NGB-PA, “The History of the National Guard Bureau,” undated, p.

10; Rpt (U), NGB-PA, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau

Fiscal Year 1970,” undated, p. 65.

521

Francillon, Air Guard, p. 86; Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National

Guard, p. 116; Hist (FOUO), CY 1998 – CY 2000, p. 30, info used was (U).

522

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 14;

523

Article (U), “ ‘a Palace’ or two,” The National Guardsman, October 1970,

p.33.

524

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 162 Gross, Air National

Guard, p. 99; Cook, Through Airmen’s Eyes, p. 47.

525

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp.113-115.

526

Article (U), Maj. Ari Grant, Information Officer, 157

Military Airlift

Group, “Air Guardsmen ‘Steal The Show’ In ‘William Tell’70’ “, The National

158

Guardsman, December 1970, p. 30.

527

Article (U), “ ‘Clay Pigeons’ for the Army,” The National Guardsman,

July 1971, p. 17.

528

News Item (U), “First Air Guard WAF Graduated From OTS,” The

National Guardsman, December 1970, p. 39.

529

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1971,” undated, p. 52.

530

News Item (U), “New Jersey Guardsmen Fly Clothing To Indians,” The

National Guardsman, April 1971, p. 31.

531

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 196.

532

Kondratiuk, “ANG Airlift,” p. 6; Article (U), “Creek Guardlift” The

National Guardsman, August-September 1971, p. 30 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual

Report, Fiscal Year 1972, Chief, National Guard Bureau,” undated, pp. 54-55.

533

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1973,” p. 48.

534

Article (U), “Largest ANG Base,” The Air Reservist, August/September

1971, p. 7.

535

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1972,” undated, pp. 61,87.

536

Draft Chapter II (U), “Volunteers,” Post Cold War History of the ANG, p.

65.

537

Draft Chapter II (U), “Volunteers,” Post Cold War History of the ANG, p.

65.

538

Article (U), “Air Guard Gets Workout over Turkey,” The National

Guardsman, January 1972, p. 8.

539

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 195.

540

News Item (U), “Minnesota Air Guard Trains Spanish Airmen,” The

National Guardsman, March 1972, p. 38.

541

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p.182; Photo Caption (U),

Subj.: First F-106 In ANG Service, The National Guardsman, June 1972, p.

37.

542

Cook, Through Airmen’s Eyes, p. 61.

543

Memo (U), Lt. Col. D. A. McLaughlin, USAF, Actg Deputy Chief, Air

Compt., Div., To NGB/CF, , Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec

74),” 23 December 1974, w/Atch Paper (U), “ANG Significant Events For The

Period 1 Jan 1972 To 31 Dec 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON; Rpt (U),

NGB, “Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1972, Chief, National Guard Bureau,” p.

53; Article (U), “The War Against Water,” The National Guardsman,

August/September 1972, pp. 2-9, 48.

544

Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., Mobility Missions: An Air National Guard

Chronology, (Washington, DC: NGB-PAH, September 1996), p. 14.

545

News Item (U), “Air Guard Graduates First F-105 Class,” The National

Guardsman, July 1972, p. 36.

546

News Item (U), “Air Guard Teams Win At ‘William Tell 72’ “, The National

159

Guardsman, November 1972, p. 44; Clark, William Tell, pp. 39-43.

547

News Item (U), “Air Guard’s Last B-26 Given To Smithsonian,” The

National Guardsman, December 1972, p. 38.

548

Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON; News Item (U), “Aerospace

Defense Command Changes ‘Displace’ ADC-Gained Air Guard Units,” The

National Guardsman, October 1972, p. 13.

549

News Item (U), “ANG Mercy Flights Aid In Managua Earthquake,” The

National Guardsman, February 1973, p. 30; Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force

History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN

CHRON.

550

Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON.

551

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 184.

552

Chart (U), “Secretaries of the Air Force,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p.

44; Photo caption (U), The National Guardsman, May 1969, p. 22.

553

News Item (U), “Goodbye To The Gooney,” The National Guardsman,

October 1973, p. 18; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 185.

554

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 115.

555

News Item (U), “ ‘Total Force’ No Longer Is ‘Concept” ; It’s ‘Policy’, Says

Schlessinger,” The National Guardsman, October 1973, p 22.

556

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, Appendix A, Lineage and Honors

Data, pp. 220-221, info used was (U).

557

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 194; Memo (U), Subj.:

“U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 December 1974, DOC

2006-25, RUN CHRON .

558

News Item (U), “ANG Weapons-Loaders Win ADC Competition,” The

National Guardsman, November 1973, p. 32.

559

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986-CY 1991, p. 51, info used was (U).

560

Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON.

561

Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON; Francillon, United States Air

National Guard, pp. 124, 194.

562

Article (U), Col. Arnold Lacy, 178

TFG Commander, “Xenia Tornado –

The Air Guard Was There,” The Air Reservist, June 1974, pp. 8-9.

563

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

564

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp.124, 171, 194.

565

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1975,” undated, p. 50.

566

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 185; Email (U), CMSgt

David P. Anderson to Charles J. Gross, NGB-PAI-H, Subj.: “FW: Last ANG

C-124s,” 20 September 2006, 9:51 AM, DOC 2006-17, RUN CHRON.

160

567

Clark, William Tell, pp. pp. 45-47; Article (U), “Air Guard Sweeps

Interceptor Contest,” The National Guardsman, December 1974, pp. 2-9.

568

News Item (U), “Win Hughes Trophy,” The National Guardsman, January

1975, p. 35.

569

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 120.

570

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p. 14; Francillon, United States Air National

Guard, pp. 153, 178; Maj. Vernon Byrd, USAF (Ret.), Passing Gas The

History of Inflight Refueling, (Chico, CA.: Byrd Publishing Co., 1994), p. 188.

571

Cook, Through Airmen’s Eyes, p. 200.

572

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 146; News Item (U),

“Green Giant joins ANG,” The National Guardsman, October 1975, p 43,

573

Astronaut Biography (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.:

“Deke Slayton (MR.),” http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/slayton.html;

Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.:

“Vance DeVoe Brand,” June 2001,

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/brand_html.

574

News Item (U), “Hercules on skis,” The National Guardsman, July 1975,

p. 20; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 149.

575

News Item (U), Untitled (Subj.:180

Tactical Fighter Gp.), The Air

Reservist, March 1976, p. 3; Francillon, The United States Air National

Guard, p. 152.

576

Article (U), Richard Bocklet, “Air Rescue And Recovery: Air Guard Coastal

Mission,” National Guard, April 1987, p. 87.

577

Paper (U), Air Force Historical Studies Office, Subj.: “Major George E.

Day,” undated, https://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/MOH-

bios/Day.html, DOC 2007-7; Paper (U), Subj.: “George E. ‘Bud’ Day,”

http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eaglebios/02bios/day02.htm, DOC 2007-8.

578

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p. 15; News Item (U), “Overwater refueling,”

The National Guardsman, July 1976, p. 3.

579

News Item (U), National Guard, August 1993, p. 20.

580

Fact Sheet (U), “Utilization Of The ANG In A Non-Mobilized Status;” Rpt

(U), NGB, “Annual Review, Fiscal Year 1976 & TQ [Transitional Quarter], 1

July – 30 September 1976], Chief, National Guard Bureau” undated, p. 55;

Ohio ANG, History Of the Ohio Air National Guard, 1927-1988, (Ohio ANG,

undated), p. 144.

581

Colorado Pride, p 218.

582

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: Annual Review, Fiscal Year 1976 & TQ, Chief,

National Guard Bureau,” undated, p. 55; Francillon, United States Air

National Guard, p. 120.

583

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 181.

584

Clark, William Tell, pp. 49-52; Article (U), “The Air Guard Overture,” The

National Guardsman, January 1977, pp. 2-7.

585

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

586

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, pp. 6-7, info used was (U).

161

587

News Item (U), The National Guardsman, May 1977, p. 2; Charles J.

Gross, Mobility Milestones An Air National Guard Chronology, (Washington,

DC: National Guard Bureau, September 1996), p.15.

588

News Item (U), “ANG sets safety record,” The National Guardsman, April

1977, p. 8.

589

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1978, p. 98.

590

Article (U), “State active duty: After-action reports on the Guard’s most

frequent mission,” The National Guardsman, September 1977, p. 10.

591

News Item (U), “Weapons loading,” The National Guardsman,

October/November 1977, p. 66.

592

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review, Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal Year

1977,” p. 51; Hist (FOUO), ANG, October-December 1977, p. 62, info used

was (U); Gross, Adapting the Force, pp. 41-42.

593

Colorado Pride, p 218.

594

News Item (U), “He’s Number One!,” The National Guardsman, March

1978, p. 30.

595

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1977, Document # 62, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1978, p.

98.

595

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review, Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal Year

1977,” undated, p. 51; Hist (FOUO), ANG, October-December 1977, p. 62,

info used was (U); Gross, Adapting the Force, pp. 41-42.

used was (U).

596

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1978, pp xix, 130, info used was (U); Gross,

American Military Tradition, p. 123.

597

News Item (U), “ANG Combat Ready,” The National Guardsman, July

1978, p. 29.

598

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 8-11, info used was (U); Chart

(U), “USAF Leaders Through the Years,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p.

44.

599

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1978, p.156, info used was (U); Gross, American

Military Tradition, p. 197; Article (U), “Guard honors ‘I.G.’ Brown,” The

National Guardsman, September/October 1978, pp. 2-3..

600

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1978,” undated, p.49.

601

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 169.

602

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskel, NGB, "Too Busy To Notice," The On Guard,

January 1999, p 8.

603

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998, pp. 97-98, info used was (U); Hist (U), ANG,

CY 1986-CY 1990, p. 135.

604

Clark, William Tell, pp.53-57; Article (U), “William Tell * 1978: The ‘T’ is

for Texas,” National Guard, November 1978, pp. 20-22, 38.

605

Article (U), Lt Col. Tom Beal, 139

TAG, Missouri ANG, “Airlift to

Guyana,” National Guard, January 1979, pp. 4-7, 39.

606

Article (U), “The Long Harsh Winter of 1979, National Guard, March-

162

April 1979, pp. 11-12.

607

Article (U), “Team Spirit 1979,” National Guard, June 1979, pp. 28-29.

608

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, p. 140, info used was (U).

609

Email (U), SMSgt David P. Anderson, NGB-PAH, to Maj. Richard

Ofcarcik, ANG/LMC, Subj.: “RE: A-10 in the NAG questions,” 16 February

2006, 3:33 PM, DOC 2006-2, RUN CHRON; Email (U), SMSgt David P.

Anderson, NGB-PAH, to Charles Gross, NGB-PAH, Subj.: “FW: ANG A-10s,”

17 February 2006, 7:57 AM, DOC 2006-1, RUN CHRON.

610

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 190; Hist (FOUO), ANG,

CY 1979, p. 19.

611

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, pp. 6-7.

612

Article (U), “Here Come the [C-130] ‘H’ Models,” National Guard, August

1979, pp. 18-20; Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, p. 67, info used was (U).

613

Article (U), MSgt Janet A. Wright, Colorado ANG, “Colorado Air Guard

Assumes New Mission, Gets New Jets,” National Guard, September 1979, p.

35.

614

Colorado Pride, p 218.

615

Article (U), Jack Cox, “Last Plane Out,” National Guard, March 1983, p.

29.

616

News Item (U), “PRIME BEEF,” National Guard, July 1979, pp. 31-32.

617

News Item (U), “Tanker Task Force,” National Guard, October 1979, p. 32.

618

Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National Guard, p 116.

619

Colorado Pride, pp 178-179, 218.

620

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 200; Article (U), Allan R.

Scholin, “Farewll To The F-100’s,” National Guard, January-February 1980,

pp. 14-17, 37.

621

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, p. 115; Article (U), “New York ‘Jolly Greens’

Rescue a 9-Man Schooner Crew For a total of 24 Lives Saved in 1979,”

National Guard, Special Issue 1979 (undated), p. 2..

622

Hist (S/FRD/NOFORN), ADTAC, 1 October 1979-31 December 1980), p 11,

info used was (U).

623

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1980, p. 77.

624

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 173.

625

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, pp. 80-81, info used was (U).

626

Article (U), “Texans Expand Their Horizon,” National Guard, June 1980.

627

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, p. xxii, info used was (U); Francillon, United

States Air National Guard, p. 107; Clark, William Tell, pp. 59-62, Article (U),

“William Tell’80: Air Guard Dominates Competition,” National Guard,

January 1981, pp. 15-17, 38-39.

628

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, pp. 79-80.

629

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, pp. xxiii, 86.

630

News Item (U), “Mississippi Gets the H Model,” National Guard,

November 1980, p. 4; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 137.

631

The Air Reservist, July-August 1983, pp 18-19.

163

632

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

633

Col. Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, p. 139.

634

Article (U), “Arizona Air Guard Unit Deploys to Pacific Theater,” National

Guard, December 1981, pp. 22-24.

635

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 116.

636

Article (U), Pamela Kane, “The Coming of Age,” National Guard, August

1981, pp. 8-11.

637

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review, Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal

Year, 1981,” p.53; Donna L. Clark, Gunsmoke: United States Air Force

Worldwide Composite Force Competition, (Langley AFB, VA.: Air Combat

Command Office of History, December 1995), pp. 3-7; Article (U), “The 140

TFW Rides High in the Saddle,” National Guard, December 1981, pp. 10-12.

638

Article (U), Maj. Kirk McManus, “CORONET CRUISE: Sink Ships

Without Seeing Them,” National Guard, March 1982, pp.29-30.

639

Article (U), “A New Team in the Bull Pen,” National Guard, November

1981, pp. 20-22.

640

Article (U), “A-10s Set Record,” National Guard, November 1981, p. 33.

641

Article (U), Col. Allan R. Scholin (Ret.), “The National Guard as Part of

the Rapid Deployment,” National Guard, February 1983, pp. 24-26.

642

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 171, 194.

643

Article (U), “Air Guard Takes NORAD/TAC Contest; 117

TRW Wins

Photo Finish,” National Guard, February 1982, p. 7.

644

Article (U), Maj. Karl E. Baatz and MSgt Glenn Brendel, Public Affairs

Section, 122

Tactical Fighter Wing, “Air Guard to the Rescue In Fort Wayne

Flood,” National Guard, August 1982, pp. 20-21.

645

Article (U), Dan B. McCarthy, “The Classy ‘E’ Tankers, Pride of the KC-

135 Fleet,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 32-34.

646

Colorado Pride, p 219.

647

Clark, William Tell, pp.63-69; Article (U), “Splitting the Apple: William

Tell’82,” National Guard, January 1983, pp. 27-29.

648

Biographical Data (U), NASA, Vance DeVoe Brand, June 2001.

649

Article (U), “States in Double-Trouble Call Out Guard,” National Guard,

April 1983, p.30.

650

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1982, p. 110.

651

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1982, p. 204.

652

Colorado Pride, p 219.

653

Hist (FOUO), CY 1983, pp. 72-73, info used was (U).

654

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 117; Svingen, The

History Of The Idaho National Guard, p. 160.

655

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 173.

656

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1983, p. 286, info used was (U).

657

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1983, p. 285, info used was (U); News Item (U),

“Holt Breaks Ground for Air Guard Support Center,” National Guard, August

1983, p. 6. Information on Representative Holt’s key role was provided via

164

telecon from Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway (Ret.), former ANG Director and

former Chief, NGB, to Dr. Charles J. Gross, Chief, ANG History, NGB, in

August 2006.

658

Clark, Gunsmoke, pp. 9-13; Article (U), Capt. Phyllis E. Phipps, NGB

Public Affairs,“Gunsmoke’83: Air Guard Flies Off With Maintenance and

Individual Awards,” National Guard, February 1984, pp. 17-18.

659

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 77; News Item (U),

“Urgent Fury,” National Guard, May 1984, p. 40.

660

Article (U), “From Fighter Jocks to Astronauts: Guardsmen Take to the

Heavens,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 16-18, 35; Biographical Data

(U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: “Byron K. Lichtenberg,

SC.D., Payload Specialist,” October 2002,

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lichtenberg-bk.html.

661

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1984, p.263, info used was (U).

662

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 103.

663

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 126.

664

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 157.

665

Biographical Data (U), NASA, Subj.: “Vance Devoe Brand,” June 2001.

666

Web Site (U), 139

Airlift Wing [139

AW],

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usaf/139aw.htm, undated,

downloaded 25 September 2006.

667

Article (U), “From Fighter Jocks to Astronauts: Guardsmen Take to the

Heavens,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 16-18, 35; Biographical

Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: “Terry J. Hart

NASA Astronaut (Former),” January 2006,

http://www.jsc.nsa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/hart-tj.html..

668

News Item (U), “Saunders To Air Guard,” National Guard, May 1984, p.

41.

669

Article (U), Maj. David Holland, PAO, TX ANG, “Distant Hammer,”

National Guard, April 1985, p. 55.

670

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1984, p. 266, info used was (U).

671

Colorado Pride, p 219.

672

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, pp. 51-52, info used was (U).

673

Article (U), Maj. William C. Bayne, TN ANG, “Aid To Famine Victims,”

National Guard, May 1985, p. 39; Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, pp. 82-83,

Info used was (U).

674

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, pp. 23-25, info used was (U).

675

Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, pp.147-148; Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, p. ix, info used was (U).

676

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, p. 261, info used was (U).

677

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, p. 52, info used was (U).

678

Article (U), “From Fighter Jocks to Astronauts: Guardsmen Take to the

Heavens,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 16-18, 35; Biographical Data

(U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: “John M. ‘Mike’ Lounge

165

NASA Astronaut (Former),” http://www.jsc.nsa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lounge-

jm.html.

679

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 77.

680

Article (U), “Arizona Air Guard Receives F-16 Falcons For Special

Mission,” National Guard, April 1986, p. 13.

681

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau

[FY] 1987,” undated p. 56; Rpt (U), Det. 11, ANGSC, “After Action Report

Project Creek Klaxon, Ramstein AB, Germany, Det. 11, ANGSC, 1 Apr 1986

– 1 April 1987,” undated, passim, in ANG Historical Archives, NGB-PAH.

682

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 16.

683

Article (U), Maj. Luther L. Walker, “Coronet Kiowa: Defending the Skies

of the North Atlantic,” National Guard, October 1986, pp. 28-30.

684

Hist (U), MAC, 1986-1987, pp. 400-403; Article (U), “Best Overall: 145

Tactical Airlift Group Wins Volant Rodeo,” National Guard, October 1986, p.

16; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 150.

685

Col. Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, p. 140.

686

Article (U), Belinda Reilly, “Accepting The Challenge,” National Guard,

November 1986, p. 20; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 137.

687

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 100.

688

Article (U), 2d Lt. Pamela Kane, Assistant Editor, “Fargo Leads as Top

Unit; Portland Claims Top Gun,” National Guard, February 1987, pp. 24-25,

28; Clark, “William Tell,” pp. 77-81..

689

Svingen, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, p. 161.

690

Article (U), Capt. Jean Marie Brawders, Assistant Editor, “Florida’s

Fighting Falcons: Chasing Bears From the Keys,” National Guard, June

1987, p. 26.

691

Article (U), “Navy Goes Guard,” National Guard, September 1985, p. 39;

Naval Historical Center Home Page (U), “FAQs,” “Frequently Asked

Questions,” “Secretaries of the Navy, Individuals Serving As,”

www.history.navy.mil/..

692

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 77.

693

News Item (U), Susan H. H. Young, “C-12 Huron,” in “Gallery of USAF

Weapons,” AIR FORCE Magazine, May 1990, p. 151; Article (U), “C-12J Rolls

Out First To The Kansas Air National Guard,” National Guard, November

1987, p. 12.

694

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 8-11, info used was (U).

695

Clark, Gunsmoke, p, 4; Article (U), “Gunsmoke,” National Guard, March

1988, pp. 24-25.

696

Hist (S/NOFORN), First Air Force, CY 1988, Chapter III, p. 111, info used

was (U).

697

Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 17.

698

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 143, 182.

699

Article (U), Capt. Mike Milord, MD ANG, and SSgt. Paula Paige, 105

MAG, NY ANG, “Hurricane Hell,” National Guard, February 1989, p. 40.

166

700

Hist (S/NOFORN), First Air Force, 1 January- 31 December 1988, p 92,

info used was (U).

701

Biographical Data (U), NASA, John M. “Mike” Lounge, March 2003.

702

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197; Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986-

CY 1991, Appendix B, info used was (U); Biography (U), NGB, Maj. Gen.

Philip G. Killey, Retired 1 March 2003, DOC 2006-24, RUN CHRON.

703

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 143.

704

Article (U), Maj. Leonid Kondratiuk, NGB, “The National Guard in

Armenia,” National Guard, March 1989, pp. 19-21; News Item (U),

“Mississippi C-141 is Second US Aircraft to Assist Earthquake Victims,”

National Guard, January 1989, p. 18..

705

Article (U), Belinda Reilly, News Editor, “The 109

TAG Explores New

Horizons,” National Guard, May 1998, pp. 34-36.

706

Article (U), 106

ARRG, New York ANG, “Shuttle ‘Rescue’,” National

Guard, January 1989, p. 171.

707

Article (U), Maj. Phyllis Phipps-Barnes, DC National Guard PAO,

“FLEETEX ’89,” National Guard, June 1989, p. 45.

708

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 157.

709

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 130-131; Article (U), “Supreme

Court Rejects Dukakis Appeal, Upholds Montgomery Amendment on

OCONUS Training,” National Guard, June 1989, p. 10.

710

Article (U), 1

Lt. Pamela A. Kane, Managing Editor, “Guard A-7s Fly The

European Skies,” National Guard, April 1989, pp. 11-17.

711

MFR (U), Col . Donald W. Shepperd, NGB-CF, Subj.: "Meeting Minutes

[ANG Long Range Planning Steering Committee] - 11 July 1989," 13 July

1989, p 5, SD I-22, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997.

712

Svingen, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, p. 166,

713

Article (U) Maj. Phyllis E. Phipps-Barnes and 1

Lt. Mark Moore,

“District of Columbia Guard Sits Alert in Iceland,” National Guard, July

1989, pp. 40-41.

714

Article (U), Capt. Jean Marie Brawders, 175

PAO, MD ANG, “Warthogs

In Panama,”” National Guard, August 1989, p. 46.

715

Article (U), Capt. Mike Milord, Maj. Jeff Butcher, and SSgt John

Malthaner, “Air Guard Airlifts Aid To Stricken Areas,” National Guard,

February 1990, pp. 24-25; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review Of The Chief,

National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1990,” undated, p.36.

716

Clark, Gunsmoke, pp. 27-32; Article (U), TSgt. Joel Dobbin, “Swamp Foxes

Swamp Competition At Gunsmoke,” National Guard, January 1990, pp. 14-

17.

717

Article (U), SSG Phil Jordan and SFC Jim Ober, “Guardsmen Reacted

Quickly to California’s Quake,” National Guard, February 1990, pp. 28-29,

31; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review Of The Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1990,” undated, p.82.

167

718

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 132-133; Article (U) Lt. Col.

Frank J. Adinolfi, CPT Ken MacNevin, 1LT Randell and SSG Jerry Deyo,”

Operation Just Cause: ‘This Is What We Train For’,” National Guard, March

1990, pp. 18-19, 21; Article (U), GlobalSecurity.org., “Operation Just Cause,”

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/just_cause.htm; Francillon,

United States Air National Guard, p. 163.

719

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986-CY 2001, p. 135, and Sup Doc III-18.

720

Plan (U), NGB/XOX, "1990 Air National Guard Long Range Plan,"

January 1990, SUP DOC (SD) I-72, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1986-CY 1991, pp 11-

12.

721

Orlan J. Svigen, Editor, The History of the Idaho National Guard, (Boise,

Idaho: Idaho Military Division, 1995) p. 162.

722

Article (U), Nena Wiley, “Arizona Air Guard Trains Royal Netherlands Air

Force F-16 Pilots,” National Guard, September 1990, pp. 60-63.

723

Charles J. Gross, PhD., Shield to Storm: The Air National Guard and the

Persian Gulf Crisis, (Washington, DC: NGB Historical Services, 1995), p. 12.

724

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 12.

725

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 12.

726

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 15.

727

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 15.

728

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 12; Rpt (U), Thomas A. Keaney and Eliot A.

Cohen, “Gulf War Air Power Survey: Summary Report,” (Washington, DC:

USGPO, 1993), pp. 1-3.

729

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 141.

730

Gross, American Military Tradition p. 141.

731

Email (U), Daniel F. Harrington, ACC/HO, to Charles Gross, NGB-PAI-H,

Subj.: “RAM 90,” 17 November 2006, 10:22 AM, DOC 2006-19, ANG

Running Chronology (RUN CHRON); Article (U), TSgt Ed Rice, “” ‘High

Rollers’ Shoot To First Place At RAM’90,” National Guard, November 1990,

pp. 24-26.

732

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 15.

733

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 25.

734

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 26.

735

Duncan, Citizen Warriors, pp. 49 – 50.

736

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 23.

737

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. 110.

738

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 13.

739

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 187.

740

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 27.

741

Biographical Data (U), NASA, Subj.: “Vance DeVoe Brand,” June 2001;

Biographical Data (U), NASA, Subj.: “John M. ‘Mike’ Lounge,” March 2003.

742

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 25.

743

Article (U), Maj. Jean Marie Beall, “Air Guard Communicators Work

Through the Storm,” National Guard, August 1991, p. 86.

168

744

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 188-189.

745

Obituary (U), Theodore C. Marrs, White House Aide, Washington Post, 21

December 1990; Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 113-114.

746

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 188-189.

747

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 188.

748

Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 187.

749

Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 153, 188.

750

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 27.

751

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 25.

752

Caption (U), Nation Guard Heritage Painting by Rick Herter, “ ‘High

Rollers ’Over Kuwait.”

753

Rpt (U), “Gulf War Air Power Survey: Summary Report,” p.ix.

754

Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 9.

755

Rpt (U), NGB, "Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal

Year 1992," undated, p. 52.

756

Article (U), SGT Laurence Rogers, NY ARNG, “Facing Challenges,”

National Guard, October 1993, p. 84; Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B.

Johnson Space Center, NASA, “Charles Lacy Veach,” October 1995,

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/veach.html.

757

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 103.

758

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief,

National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year, 1991, “ p 109.

759

Clark, Gunsmoke, pp. 33-35; Article (U), Maj. Jean Marie Beall, Assistant

Editor/Features, “175

Hogs Outgun All Others For Title,” National Guard,

January 1992, pp. 14-16.

760

Article (U), Mark F. Soupiset, “Surviving the perfect storm: The real story,

The On Guard, July-August 2002, pp. 12, 15. Reprinted with permission from

the January/February 2001 issue of USAA MAGAZINE.

761

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 117.

762

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. x.

763

Article (U), “NASA Payload Payoff,” National Guard, February 1993, p.

37; Biographical Data (U), NASA, Byron K. Lichtenberg; Paper (U), “STS-45

(46), Last updated 29 June 2001, 11:21:02 EDT,

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-45/mission-sts-45.html.

764

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. x.

765

Hist (U), ANG CY 1992 – CY 1994, p. x.

766

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xi.

767

Email (U), Brig. Gen. V. Wayne Lloyd, HQ WV ANG, to Charles Gross,

NGB, Subj.: “Sarajevo Missions by 167

AW, 23 April 2004, 4:10PM, DOC

2004-3, RUN CHRON; Article (U), “167

Takes Part in ‘Provide Promise,’”

Plane Talk, 167

Airlift Group (AG), West Virginia ANG, August 1992, DOC

#17, pp. 1, 4-5, Hist (U), 167

AG, Jan-Jun 1993.

768

Chronology (U), Gary A. Gault, NGB-PAH, "The Air National Guard in

Operations Restore Hope and Provide Relief," February 1994, pp 7-8.

169

769

Article (U), TSgt. John Malthaner, 105

Airlift Group, New York ANG,

“Vet pilot says nothing compares with Andrew,” The On Guard, October

1992, p. 8; Article (U), SSgt. David W. Altom, Kentucky National Guard

“Guard delivers calm after ‘Southern Storm’,” The On Guard, April 1997, p.1;

Article (U), SSgt Dale Greer, Kentucky National Guard, “Air Assisted,” The

On Guard, April 1997, p. 11; Article (U), 1

Lt John Daigle, Jr., Florida

National Guard, 1

Lt. Bob Hart, Florida National Guard, Capt. Maria

LaVasco, Louisiana National Guard, and Sgt. Kristi Moon, Louisiana

National Guard, “Andrew’s Wrath Mobilizes The National Guard,” National

Guard, October 1992, pp. 20-23; Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway, USAF (Ret.),

with Jeff Nelligan, Call Out The Guard: The Story of Lieutenant General

John B. Conaway and the Modern Day National Guard, (Paducah, KY:

Turner Publishing Co., 1997), pp.204-212.

770

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xi.

771

Clark, William Tell, pp. 91, 94; Article (U), Maj. Jean Marie Beall,

“William Tell’93 Continues Air Guard’s Top Shooter reputation,” National

Guard, March 1993, pp. 26-29.

772

Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center,NASA, “Charles

Lacy Veach,” October 1995,

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/veach.html.

773

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 49-50.

774

Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 11.

775

Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p. 12.

776

Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 14.

777

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: "Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1993," Undated, p 78.

778

Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 25.

779

Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 26.

780

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1993, p. xv.

781

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, p. viii; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual

Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1993,” undated, p.

69.

782

Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Comfort," pp 27-28.

783

Article (U), Maj. Art Powell, 134

ARG, Tennessee ANG, “Air National

Guard Tankers Refuel NATO AWACS: Eye On Europe,” National Guard,

March 1994, pp. 20-21.

784

Memo (U), Capt. Pope, NGB/CI, Subj.: "ANG In Space Update," 31 March

1993, SD I- 24, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997.

785

Capt. Phil Blahut, "Sarajevo Shuttle," The On Guard, April 1994, pp. 6-7;

Memo (U), Lt Col Gary W. Taylor, ANGRC/DOX to Col Sawyer, Subj: "MG Navas'

Memo of 11 Apr 94," SD II-12, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994; Rpt (U), Lt. Col.

Gary W. Taylor, ANGRC/DOX, Subj: "PROVIDE PROMISE SCENARIO," undated,

SD II-13, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994; Rpt (U), Lt. Col. Gary W. Taylor,

ANGRC/DOX, Subj: "PROVIDE PROMISE Fact Sheet," 16 March 1994, SD II-14,

170

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994.

786

Rpt Extract (U), Acting Secretary of the Air Force, “Department of the Air

Force Analysis And Recommendations (Volume Five) [DOD BRAC Report to

the Commission],” 11 March 1993, SD II-42, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY

1997.

787

Article (U), Andrew Compart, "When part Time Stops Being Part Time," Air

Force Times, 18 October 1993, p. 24.

788

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992 – CY 1994, p. xvii; Lineage File, 174

Fighter

Wing, NY ANG, ANG Historical Archives.

789

2LT Carol Thompson, "The Buckeye Guard Gives A Grand SLUF Salute,"

National Guard, August 1993, pp 20-22; Telecon (U), Charles J. Gross, Ph.D.,

NGB-PAI-H, with 178th Fighter Wing/Operations, 7 September 1999.

790

David J. Lynch, "Bombers in the Guard," Air Force Magazine, October 1994, p

33.

791

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, p. viii, info used was (U).

792

Rpt (U), NGB, "Annual Review, Chief NGB, FY 1993," undated, p 78.

793

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 59-60.

794

Article (U), "USAF Lists First ANG B-1 Units," Jane's Defense Weekly, 25

September 1993, p 5.

795

Compart, "When Part Time Stops Being Part Time," p 24.

796

Rpt (U), NGB, "Annual Review, Chief NGB, FY 1993," undated, p 78.

797

Article (U), TSgt Dwight Connelly, IN ANG, “Captain Astronaut,”

National Guard, May 1990, p. 40; Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson

Space Center, NASA, David A. Wolf, January 2006,

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/wolf.html.

798

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xx.

799

Article (U), 1

Lt. Jeanne W. Hill, NH ANG, “Restore Hope Accomplished

with Reliable Guard Tankers: New Hampshire’s 157

Air Refueling Group

Leads Critical Northeast Tanker Task Force,” National Guard, February

1994, pp.20-22, 24.

800

Bfg (U), Lt Col Kalber, NGB/XOOM, "Concept of Operations Briefing:

American Military Tradition Support of The United States Antarctic Program,"

3 November 1993, SD I-157, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997..

801

Hist (S), History of the Air Combat Command, 1 Jan - 31 Dec 93, ACC/HO,

June 1994, p. 127, info used (U); Article (U), "Fighter Units Coming Home," Air Force

Times, 24 January 1994, p. 18; Hist (U), Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of

Defense, Department of Defense Key Officials, 1947-1995, May 1995, p. 60.

802

SSS (U), Col. Gary R. Bendlin, Chief, Operations and Programs Division,

Air Directorate, NGB, 9 November 1993, w/Atch Background Paper (U),

Subj.: “ANG TTF Concept,” undated, DOC 1993-1, RUN CHRON.

803

Article (U), 2Lt Jeffrey S. Legeer, "Maryland's 175th FG Executes DENY

FLIGHT Search and Destroy Mission to Perfection," Maryland ANG News Release, 7

December 94, SD II-16, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994.

804

Article (U), "Dobbins Fighter Unit Staying Put For A Year," The Atlanta

171

Constitution, 9 September 1993, p E-2.

805

Hist (S), History of the Air Combat Command, 1 Jan - 31 Dec 93, ACC/HO,

June 1994, p. 127, info used (U); Article (U), "Fighter Units Coming Home," Air Force

Times, 24 January 1994, p. 18.

806

Capt Lester Carroll, Jr., PAO SCANG, "South Carolina Advances Into the 21st

Century," National Guard, March 1994, p. 17; Capt Les Carroll, PAO SCANG, "New

Jet Takes Off At McEntire," The On Guard, April 1994, p 4.

807

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xxii; News Release No. 418-93 (U), OASD

(PA), Subj.: “New Director of the Air National Guard Is Named,” w/Atch Biography,

Brig. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, 10 September 1993, SD I-9c, Hist(U), ANG, CY 1992-

CY 1994.

808

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. xxii-xxiii.

809

Extract (U), AMC History, 1 June 1992- 31 December 1994, pp. 45-46,

and Supporting Document, DOC 2006-30.

810

Lynch, "Bombers in the Guard," p 34.

811

Article (U), Steve Watkins, "Reserve, Guard to keep C-130s," The Air Force

Times.

812

Memo (U), ANGRC/XPMRM for TAG KANSAS/ESSO, "OAL 94-11 -

Redesignation of the 184th Fighter Group - CORRECTED ACTION

MEMORANDUM," 1 June 1994, CHRON SD-18, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-1994.

813

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 90-95, info used was (U); Paper

(U), John Pike, “Operation Support Hope,” 19 January 2002,

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/support_hope.htm.

814

Article (U), 2

Lt Jeffrey S. Legeer, "Maryland's 175th FG Executes DENY

FLIGHT Search and Destroy Mission to Perfection," Maryland ANG News Release, 7

December 1994, SD II-16, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994.

815

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xxvi.

816

Article (U), Vago Muradin, "Way Cleared For Move," Air Force Times, 5

September 1994, p 22.

817

Brfg (U), ANGRC/XPA to NGB/CF, "Weekly Briefing to the Director, ANG," 28

September 1994, SD II-2, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994; Hist (S), MSGT Roger V.

Seeholzer, Historian, JTF-SWA, History of Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTF-

SWA), 1 Nov - 31 Dec 92, Vol I, p. 345, info used (U).

818

Extract (U), AMC History, 1 June 1992-31 December 1994, p. 48, and

Supporting Documents, DOC 2006-30, RUN CHRON.

819

"On Top At William Tell," Air Force Magazine, January 1995, p 45; Article (U),

Eric Hehs, “Fargo Wins William Tell, North Dakota’s F-16s Win Major A-A Comp,”

Code One,

http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1995/articles/jan_95/jan1a_95.html, DOC

2006-27, RUN CHRON; Article (U), “William Tell 1994,” Philippe’s Aviation Pages!,

http://www.philippecolin.net/wt94.html.

820

News Release (U), Maj Ralinda B. Gregor, 123 AW/PAO, “Fairchild,” undated,

SD III-17, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994.

821

S O GB-35, HQ ACC, Air Defense Organizational Changes, 30 November

172

1994, SD I-149, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

822

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, p. ix.

823

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992 – CY 1994, p. xxix.

824

Article (U), Capt Debbie Magaldi, Virginia ANG, "Virginia Guard Provides

New Eyes To The Air Force," National Guard, December 1996, p 22; Hist (U),

ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, pp. ix, 114-115.

825

Chronology (U), Hist (FOUO/PV), 138th FW, 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1998, p

xi, info used was (U).

826

Article (U), “North Dakota Hooligans Win Hughes Trophy Award,”

National Guard, July 1995, p. 11.

827

Telecon (U), MSgt Steve Stearns, NGB-PAH, with Sgt Wynne, 104th FW

MA ANG, 15 April 1996; Article (U), SSgt Charles R. Cangemi, Jr., 104th FW,

MA ANG, "Part-Time Warriors Work For Full-Time Peace," National Guard,

January 1996, pp 22, 24, 26.

828

Certificate (U), E. Baca, Chief, NGB, Federal Recognition, 137 Space

Warning Squadron, Effective 1 October 1995, undated, CHRON SUPDOC No.

5, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

829

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.:” Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1995,” undated, p. 67; Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997,

pp.17, 219.

830

Memorandum No. 252-M, DOD DefenseLINK, Memorandum For

Correspondents, 21 November 1995, DOC 99-63, RUN CHRON.

831

Executive Order, President William J. Clinton, Subj.: "Ordering The

Selected Reserve Of The Armed Forces To Active Duty," 8 December 1995,

CHRON SUPDOC No. 8, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1996-CY 1997, info used was

(U).

832

Email (U), R. Hedrick @SCF@ANGRC To D Shepperd@cf, Subj: ANG ATC

Radar Operational in Hungary," 12/19/95 9:33 AM, CHRON SUPDOC No. 9,

HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

833

NGB Bulletin 96-1, "NGB Welcomes New Vice Chief ... ," January 1996, p

2. LAN Msg (U), LTG BACA to NGB, Subj.: "Assignment of Maj Gen Davis as

Vice Chief, NGB," 14 December 1995, 16:31:44 EST, CHRON SUPDOC No. 10,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

834

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1996,” undated, p 63.

835

News Clips (U), NORAD/USSPACECOM/AFSPC Directorate of Public

Affairs, Bob Kretschman, News Item (untitled), Greeley Tribune, 21 January

1996, SUP DOC No. I-132, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used

was (U); Article (U), "Air National Guard Organization, Year In Review And

Major Units," 1997 National Guard Almanac, p 107.

836

Article (U), Andrew Compart, "New York Wing Takes On A New Challenge,"

Air Force Times, 19 February 1996, p 18.

837

Article (U), "Florida Responds to Cuban Attack," The On Guard, April

1996, p 4.

173

838

Article (U), Col Russ Axtell, "A Hidden Asset: The Unfolding Story of the

American Military Tradition And The B-1 Bomber," National Guard Review,

Spring 1997, p 15.

839

Article (U), Andrew Compart, "Long Journey Finally Ends," Air Force

Times, 22 April 1996, p 21.

100. Article (U), Vago Muradin, "Farewell to the Phantoms,"

Air Force Times

, 8

April 1996, p 24; Article (U), Steven Watkins, "Radar-hunters will retire,"

Air Force

Times,

10 June 1996, p 26.

841

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1996,” undated, p 63.

842

MFR (U) Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-PAI-H, Subj.: "Discussion With Lt

Col Keith Coln (ANG/AQ) And Maj Broc Strom (ANG/AQ) re Air National

Guard (ANG) Acquisition Programs," 1 April 1997, CHRON SUPDOC No. 11,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U); Hist (U), ANG, CY

1995-CY 1997, pp. 114-115.

843

Bfg (U), Col. Archie Berberian, NY ANG, et. Al., “Operation Deep Freeze,

Concept of Ops & Status Report,” 18 September 1996, SD I-159, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997.

844

News Item (U), "NGB Calls for Support of Air Guard Commanders For

Staff Integration Into USAF Major Commands," National Guard, January

1997, p 8.

845

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995- CY 1997, p. xv.

846

Article (U), "Woman To Lead Guard," The Burlington Free Press, 21

February 1997, p 1; Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Running

Vermont," The On Guard, April 1997, p 8.

847

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “Running Vermont,” The On

Guard, April 1997, p 8.

848

Article (U), "Air Guard, Reserve Share F-16 Mission, Aircraft Over Iraqi No-

Fly Zone," National Guard, May 1997, p 10.

849

News Item (U), “Senator Ford Saves Air Guard PAA for C-130 Units In

Five States,” National Guard, July 1997, p 9; News Item (U), “Air Force

Structure Changes To Shrink Air Guard Airlift Units,” National Guard, June

1997, p 10.

850

News Item (U), "Active-duty officer assumes command of ANG unit," AFNS-

970990, AFNS Review, 18 August 1997, p 3.

851

Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, “David A.

Wolf,” January 2006, http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/wolf.html..

852

Article (U), R. J. Kelly, "Wyoming Guard to Fight Asia Fire," Pacific Stars &

Stripes, 17 October 1997, p 1; Article (U), 1

. Lt. Teresa K. Howes, “Wyomong

Air Guard Fights Blazes In the Rain Forests of Indonesia,” National Guard,

January 1998, pp. 15-16.

853

S O AAG-032-DC, HQS District of Columbia National Guard, 31

174

December 1997, DOC 97-1, RUN CHRON; Biography (U), Colonel Linda K.

McTague, Commander 201st Airlift Squadron, D.C. ANG, Undated, DOC 98-

5, RUN CHRON; Article (U), Lt. Col. Phyllis Phipps-Brown, D.C. National

Guard, "D.C. Woman Pilot Soars Into History," The On Guard, November

1998, p 3.

854

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB, "Gateway To Baghdad," The On

Guard, January 1998, p 16.

855

S O (U), AA-136, NGB, 3 December 1997, CHRON SUP DOC 16, Hist

(U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997; News Release (U) TSgt David Somdahl, 1st Air

Force/PA, "Arnold To Lead 1st Air Force Into 21st Century," CHRON SUP

DOC 17, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

856

MSG (U), NGB-CF to ANG 7301/CC, et al, Subj.: "Title Change For ANG

PMEC, 101037Z Dec 1997, SD CHRON-1, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY

2000.

857

Article (U), "DOD Approves Guard, Reserve Role In Domestic Terrorism,"

Defense Daily, 28 January 1998, p 5.

858

S O AA-124 (U), Lt Gen Edward D. Baca, Chief NGB, promotion and

Assignment of Maj Gen (Select) Paul A. Weaver, Jr. as ANG Director, 25

November 1997, SD CHRON-2, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000;

Memo (U), SECAF For AF/CC, "Appointment of Director, American Military

Tradition (ANG)," 5 June 1997, SD CHRON-3, Hist (FOUO) ANG, CY 1998 -

CY 2000.

859

Memorandum For Correspondents, U.S. Department of Defense, No. 074-

M, 18 May 1999, SD CHRON-6, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000;

News Release, No. 078-98, OASD(PA), "Secretary Cohen Requests Call-up

Authority; Plans to Call About 500 Reservists To Support Gulf Deployments,"

22 February 1998,SD CHRON-7,HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

860

Press Release No. 084-98 (U), OSD, "President Signs Order Authorizing

Reserve Call-Up," 24 February 1998, SD CHRON-8, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY

1998 - CY 2000.

861

Press Release No. 132-98 (U), Subj.: "New York Air Guard Assumes

Antarctic Airlift Responsibilities," 26 March 1998, SD CHRON-9, HIST

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

862

News Item (U), “Homeland Defense Response Teams Announced,”

National Guard, October 1998, pp. 16, 18.

863

Article (U), Lt. Col. Mike Milord, “Flying Faster And Farther: The District

of Columbia’s 201

Airlift Squadron Receives C-38A Jet,” National Guard,

September 1998, p. 70.

864

Email (U), Gary Broadbent, NGB/CFC, to Charles Gross, Subj.:

"Historical Record," 9 December 1999, 1:35 PM, SD B-22, Hist (U), ANG, CY

1998 – CY 2000; Biography, NGB(U), CMSgt Gary R. Broadbent, undated,

[http://132.80.200.55/cc/biography.htm], SD B-23, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY

1998 - CY 2000; Biography, NGB(U), CMSgt Edwin B. Brown, undated, SD

B-24, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1998- CY 2000.

175

865

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Davis Named Chief," The On

Guard, August 1998, p 1; Special Order AA-572, NGB, 31 July 1998, SD

CHRON-10, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

866

Article (U), Bradley Graham, "U.S. Air Force To Reorganize," Washington

Post, 5 August 1998, p A2, SD CHRON-11, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY

2000.

867

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Bureau Headquarters Moves

Into Future," The On Guard, October 1998, pp 3, 13, SD Chron-57, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Email (U), Col Mike Ford, to ALL NGB

Personnel, Subj.: "New Move Dates," 15 July 1998, 3:50 PM, SD Chron-58,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

868

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “ Annual Review of the Chief,

National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1998,” pp 112-124.

869

Email (U), Maj Casey Scharven, ANG/LGT, to Charles J. Gross, NGB-

PAI-H, Subj: “ANG transportation history,” 12 February 2001, 11:05 AM, p 1,

SD CHRON-67, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

870

News Item (U), “Air Guard Brings Relief to Battered Honduras,” National

Guard, December 1998, pp. 12-13; Article (U), Brian Calvert, “Good Deeds on

Good Faith,” National Guard, January 1999, pp. 22-24.

871

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Rapid Responders Take On

Terrorism," The On Guard, April 1999, p 1.

872

Article (U), Maj. James McCrone and Paul Seidenman, “Top Gun: The

Next Generation,” National Guard, January 1999, pp 28-29.

873

Article (U), Linda D. Kozaryn, "Four Nights; 100 Targets," American

Forces News Service, undated 21 December 1998, SD CHRON-12, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), Vernon Loeb, "U.S. Planes

Destroy Iraqi Missile Site," Washington Post, 31 December 1998, p 29, SD

CHRON-13, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), MSgt Bob

Haskell, NGB-PA, "Guard Aids Attack On Iraq," The On Guard, January

1999, pp 1, 11,

874

News Item (U), “Air Guard Units Denied Mission,” National Guard,

February 1999, p. 14.

875

News Release No. 065-99 (U), OASD/RA, "U.S. Aircraft Ordered To

Deploy In Support Of NATO Operations," 17 February 1999, SD CHRON-18,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

876

Article (U), “Fighter Unit Warms to New Training Mission,” National

Guard, July 1999, p. 36.

877

Article (U), Lt Col Jean Marie Beall, Maryland ANG, "Coronet Oak

Mission Grounded," The On Guard," March 1999, p 3; Article (U), Lt Col Jean

Marie Beall, 135

Airlift Squadron, Maryland ANG, "Adios Panama,"

National Guard, April 1999, pp 22-23; Paper (U), Brig Gen John Schnell,

Maryland ANG, Subj: "Coronet Oak History, October 1, 1977 to 17 February

1999 [for approximately 5 minute talk]," undated, SD CHRON-65, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; MFR (U), Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-

176

PAI-H, Subj: "Air National Guard (ANG) Director's Weekly Staff Meeting

Notes," 17 February 1999, p 2, SSD-17, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY

2000.

878

Rpt (U), Col Daniel Swift, ANG/DO, Lt Col Barron Nesselrode, HQ

AF/DPFJ, et al, "Air War Over Serbia: Aerospace Power In Operation Allied

Force, Air National Guard (U)," 25 May 2000, SD CHRON-19, p 47, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

879

Article (U), James Spielmann, Associated Press, "The Navy Wraps Up A

Long Polar Stretch," Washington Post, 18 February 1999, p 19,SD CHRON-

21, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

880

Article (U), William Matthews, "NATO sends strong message to Serbs,"

Air Force Times, 5 April 1999, p 10; Article (U), "Hawaii Air Guard Refuels

Kosovo Air Strikes," National Guard, April 1999, p 1.

881

News item (U), Associated Press State & Local wire, "Pa. guard unit

headed to Germany," 29 March 1999, Monday, AM cycle, SD CHRON-23,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

882

Article (U), Mike Sherry, "Time Abroad Wears On Lincoln Guard Unit,"

Omaha World-Herald, 3 May 1999.

883

Article (U), Tom Bowman, "National Guard Plane 'Shoots' Message At

Yugoslav Audience," Baltimore Sun, 5 June 1999, SD CHRON-24, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

884

Msg. (U), NGB-CF to AIG 7300, et al, Subj.: "Shaping The Air National

Guard For The 21st Century," 070729Z April 1999, SD CHRON-25, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

885

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p. xiv, info used was (U).

886

Article (U), Jim Garamone, "NATO Requests 300 More U.S. Aircraft for

Allied Force," American Forces Press Service, 14 April 1999, SD CHRON-27,

HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

887

Article (U), Capt. Linda D. Blaszak, 107th ARW, NY ANG, "From Niagara

to Northern Watch," Thunderbird, May 1999, p 4, SD CHRON-28, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

888

News Release (U), Lt. Col. Milord, ASD/RA, "Reservists eager for duty

with U.S. Kosovo force," by Doug Meegren, Associated Press, "Reserve Forces

- April 21, 1999, Current News," DOC 99-04 RUN CHRON.

889

Article (U), Jim Garamone, "30 Aerial Refuelers Ordered to Allied Force,"

American Forces Press Service, 27 April 1999, SD CHRON-30, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

890

Memo (U), SECDEF William S. Cohen for the Secretaries of the Military

Departments and the Chairman, JCS, Subj.: "Presidential Callup of the

Selected Reserve and Certain Individual Ready Reserve Members in Support

of Kosovo Operations," 27 April 1998, SD CHRON-31, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY

1998 - CY 2000; News Release (U),OASD/PA, No. 197-99, "Secretary Cohen

Announces Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up," 27 April 1999, p 1, SD

CHRON-32, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), Bradley

177

Graham, "Clinton Tells Pentagon To Call Up Reservists," Washington Post,

28 April 1999, p 1, SD CHRON-33, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

891

Msg (U), HQ USAF/XOP to HQ ACC, et al, Subj.: "Presidential Selective

Reserve Call-Up (PSRC) For Operation Southern Watch," 280756Z April

1999, SD CHRON-34, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

892

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p.78, info used was (U).

893

Article (U), NGB/CFS, "Crisis In Kosovo Hits Home As 171st ARW, PA,

Members Deploy," Guard Family Matters, Summer 1999, SD CHRON-36,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

894

Chart (U), "Who's Been Called Up," Air Force Times, 24 May 1999, p 2, SD

CHRON-37, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

895

Article (U), "Kosovo Deployment: Wing Thrust on World Stage," The

Copperhead, June 1999, p 1, SD CHRON-38, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 -

CY 2000; Article (U), "Air Guard Units Leave For Kosovo," Arizona Republic,

5 May 1999, p B1.

896

Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD No. 068-M, Subj.: Reserve

Units Called-Up for Kosovo, 12 May 1999, SD CHRON-40, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

897

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p. xvi, info used was (U).

898

Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD, No. 074-M, Subj.: PSRC Call-

Up for SWA, 18 May 1999, DOC 99-47, RUN CHRON.

899

Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD, No. 073-M, Subj.: Kosovo

PSRC Called-Up Units, 18 May 1999, DOC 99-48, RUN CHRON.

900

Article (U), Air Force News, MSgt. Brian Hibbard, 52nd Expeditionary

Wing Public Affairs, "New unit marries Guard, active-duty forces," 9 June

1999, SD CHRON-42, pp 1-2, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

901

Article (U), MSgt Hibbard, "New unit," SD CHRON-42, p 2, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

902

Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD, No. 079-M, Subj.: Kosovo

PSRC Called Up Units, 21 May 1999, SD CHRON-43, HIST (FOUO), ANG,

CY 1998 - CY 2000.

903

Rpt (U), Col. Dan Swift, NGB, "Air War Over Serbia," p 11, SD Chron-

19, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

904

Msg (U), Lt. Col. Thomas Schultz, NGB-PAP to Lt. Gen. Davis, Chief

NGB, et. al., Subj.: "For Briefings, Speeches and Such," 28 May 1999, 7:20

AM, DOC 99-29, RUN CHRON.

905

Article (U), "PA. Air National Guard unit Lands at HIA following 32 days

in action," SCOPE, 193rd SOW [Newsletter], August 1999, p 4, SD CHRON-

45, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

906

Trest and Dodd, Wings of Denial, p.15.

907

Article (U), Tomoeh Murakami, "Soldiers Depart McGuire Base On NATO

Support Trip," Philadelphia Inquirer, 2 June 1999, DOC 99-13, RUN

CHRON.

908

Article (U), Daniel Williams, "Yugoslavs Yield To NATO Terms,"

178

Washington Post, 4 June 1999, p 1, DOC 99-16, RUN CHRON; Article (U),

William Drozdiak and Anne Swardson, "Military, Diplomatic Offensives

Bring about Accord," Washington Post, 4 June 1999, p 1, DOC 99-17, RUN

CHRON.

909

Paper (U), Col. Ed Grogan, HQTS/SV, VA ANG, and Col. Bill Schwartz,

HQTS/PA, VA ANG, “VaANG Total Force Proposal: VaANG Relocate To

Langley AFB & Form An Associate Unit At Langley AFB,” proposal prepared

for Lt. Col. Terrance Brotherton, NGB/XPX, 4 June 1999, DOC 99-112, RUN

CHRON.

910

Article (U), R. Jeffrey Smith and Molly Moore, "Plan For Kosovo Pullout

Signed," Washington Post, 10 June 1999, p 1, Doc 99-18, RUN CHRON.

911

Article (U), Jim Garmone, "Serb Withdrawal Begins, NATO Suspends

Bombing," American Forces Information Service, 10 June 1999,SD CHRON-

46, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), Craig R. Whitney,

"With Signs Of Retreat, Raids Slow To Near Halt," New York Times, 10 June

1999, DOC 99-20, RUN CHRON; Article (U), Craig R. Whitney, "Bombing

Ends As Serbs Begin Pullout," New York Times, 11 June 1999, p 1, DOC 99-

21, RUN CHRON.

912

News Item (U), Louisiana Guard Public Affairs, “Guard Fighters Intercept

Russian Bear Bombers,” National Guard, August 1999, p. 29; Chart (U),

“Air National Guard,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p. 116.

913

News Article (U), Linda D. Kozaryn, American Forces Press Service,

"NATO Ends Air War," undated, SD CHRON-47, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY

1998 - CY 2000.

914

Rpt (U), Col Dan Swift, NGB, "Air War Over Serbia," p 11, SD Chron-19,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

915

Press Release No. 308-99 (U), OASD/PA, Subj.: "Secretary of Defense

Authorizes Redeployment of Second Increment of U.S. Aircraft From

Operation Allied Force," 24 June 1999, SD CHRON-48, Hist (FOUO), ANG,

CY 1998 - CY 2000; Bfg Extract(U), Mr. Kenneth Bacon, ASD/PA, Subj.:

"DOD News Briefing," 24 June 1999, 2:25 PM, SD CHRON-49, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

916

Chart (U), ANG CAT, Subj.: "Kosovo PSRC Activity," 24 June 1999, DOC

99-35, RUN CHRON.

917

Rpt (U), Col Dan Swift, NGB, "Air War Over Serbia," p 73, SD Chron-19,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

918

News Item (U), “Lockheed Martin Providing More Air Guard Aircraft,”

National Guard, August 1999, p. 33.

919

Email (U), Maj. Mark W. Ruane, MD ANG, Commander, 135

Maintenance Operations Flight, to Lt. Col. Jody W. Jondo, MD ANG, 175

Wing Chief of Staff, Subj.: “First J delivery,” 22 November 2006, 2:34PM,

DOC 2006-20, RUN CHRON.

920

Article (U), Lisa Black, "National Guard Lowers The Flag At O'Hare

Base," Chicago Tribune, 29 July 1999, DOC 99-39, RUN CHRON.

179

921

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p. xviii, info used was (U).

922

News Item (U), “Air Guard Purchases New Night Vision Systems,”

National Guard, August 1999, p. 33.

923

Article (U), Lt. Col. Jean Marie Beall, “Former C-141 Driver Becomes

Guard’s First Female A-10 Pilot,” National Guard, January 2000, p. 33;

Email (U), Lt. Col. Julie Hudson, AFDC, to Charles J. Gross, NGB-PAI-H,

Subj.: “RE: First Combat Ready Female ANG [A-10] Fighter Pilot,” 15

December 2006, 3:46 PM, DOC 2006-31, RUN CHRON.

924

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskel and SFC Eric Wedeking, NGB-PA, “Picking

Up After Flood,” National Guard, October 1999, pp. 18-21; Rpt (U), Event

Summary, National Weather Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, Subj.:

“Hurricane Floyd, September 1999,” undated, p. 1,

http://www4.ncsu.edu/~nwsfo/storage/cases/19990915/, DOC 2006-21, RUN

CHRON.

925

Article (U), NGAUS staff report, “Guard Rescue Mission Named Top 1998

U.S. Air Force Rescue Flight,” National Guard, October 1999, pp. 46-47.

926

Paper (U), “Information Paper on ANG History,” Charles J. Gross, Ph.D.,

Chief, ANG History, NGB/PAI-H, 7 August 2001, SD III-8, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

927

Article (U), Glenn W. Goodman, Jr., "Aerospace Force," Armed Forces

Journal International, September 2000, p 48; Article (U), John A. Tirpak,

"The EAF Turns One," Air Force Magazine, October 2000, p 20; Article (U),

MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "American Military Tradition Vital To Total

Expeditionary Aerospace Force," Air Force News, released 27 September

1999, SD CHRON-60, Hist (U), CY 1998-CY 2000.

928

Article (U), "Guardsmen, Reservists To Train Some Air Force Pilots,"

Miami Herald, 7 October 1999, SD CHRON-52, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998

- CY 2000; News Item (U), "Air Guard stands up associate unit," 1st Air

Force, American Defender, Winter 1999, p 15.

929

Article (U), 2

Lt. Candis Olmstead, “Air Guard Security Forces Deploy

for Korea Exercise,” National Guard, December 1999, p. 35.

930

Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “Airlift Plane, Crew Rescues

Ailing South Pole Scientist, National Guard, November 1999, p. 42.

931

News Item (U), "Aerospace World," Air Force Magazine, January 2000, p

20.

932

Article (U), Dave Moniz, “169

Can Dish Out HARM,” Columbia (SC)

State, 3 November 1999, SD CHRON-73, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY

2000. All ANG fighter units, regardless of the aircraft they flew, were tasked

to carry out the SEAD mission in their doc statements according to Col

Stephen Lefebvre, Chief of Operations and Training, [ANG] Directorate of

Operations, Air Directorate, National Guard Bureau (NGB/DOO). However,

depending upon their training and equipment, those ANG fighter units

employed different methods and weapons to accomplish that mission.

(SOURCE: Col Stephen Lefebvre, telecon with Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-

180

PAI-H, 16 Aug 2002.)

933

MFR (U), SMSgt. Steven L. Stearns, NGB-PAH, Subj.: "Interview With Lt.

Col. Polkar, 123rd ACS/CC," 27 April 2000, SD CHRON-53, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

934

Newsletter (U), South Carolina ANG, SSG Richard D. Hodges and CTF

ONW/PA, SCANG News, March 2000, pp 1&4, SD CHRON-54, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 – CY 2000.

935

Article (U), Wyoming National Guard Public Affairs Office, "187th

Assumes Medevac Role," 153rd Airlift Wing Newsletter, March 2000, p1,

DOC 2000-3, RUN CHRON.

936

Article (U), SSgt Jeff Crawley, “Wing Flies to South America, Trains with

Chilean Air Force,” National Guard, December 2000, p. 29.

937

Article (U), "From Fighters To Tankers," Air Force Times, 25 September

2000, p 2.

938

Email (U), Maj Scharven to Charles Gross, “ANG transportation history,”

p 1, SD CHRON-67, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Point Paper

(U), Maj Casey Scharven, ANG/LGT, Subj: “ANG Vehicle Maintenance

Support At Al Udeid AB, Qatar,” 28 July 2000, SD CHRON-68, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), David Castellon, “Air Guard Reclaims,

Repairs Desert-Scarred Vehicles,” Air Force Times, 18 January 1999, p 23.

939

Memo (U), 148

SOPS/CC for NGB-PAH-I, Mr. Gault, Subj.: “New

Emblem Justification,” 28 February 2001, SD CHRON-70, Hist (FOUO),

ANG, CY 1998-CY 200, info used was (U); Article (U), “148

CBCS’ Mission

Change,” The Reserve And National Guard, Spring/Summer 2000, pp 24, 26,

SD CHRON-71, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, info used was (U).

940

Article (U), "Buckley ANGB To Transfer Base Operating

Responsibilities," US Air Force ONLINE NEWS, 1 December 1999, SD

CHRON-66, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Aerospace World

Column (U), "News Note," Air Force Magazine, December 2000, p 21.

941

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p xii, info used was (U).

942

Article (U), Steven Lee Myers, "Elite Nuclear Forces Opening To

Reservists And The Guard," New York Times, 11 January 2001, p 1.

943

Nist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xii.

944

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xii.

945

Article (U), New York ANG release, “Air Guard Carries Relief to El

Salvador Earthquake Victims,” National Guard, April 2001, p. 35.

946

Article (U), Lizabeth Hall, “Taking Command With Pride,” Hartford

Courant, 9 April 2001, p 3, DOC 2001-5, RUN CHRON.

947

Article (U), James Dao, “Rumsfeld Will Call For Big Cut In B-1 Bombers,

Officials Say,” New York Times, 27 June 2001, DOC 2001-8, RUN CHRON;

Article (U), Adam J. Herbert, “For B-1 Bomber Fleet, Air Force Determines

Less Is More,” InsideDefense.com, 27 June 2001, DOC 2001-9, RUN

CHRON; Article (U), “Lawmakers Blast DOD Decision On Cutting B-1

Bomber Fleet,” Aerospace Daily, 28 June 2001, DOC 2001-10, RUN

181

CHRON.

948

Article (U), “Air Guard F-15 Pilots Fly With Former Warsaw Pact

Enemies,” National Guard, July 2001, p. 35.

949

Endnote 31, Chapter V, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG history.

950

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiii, info used was (U).

951

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

952

Article (U),Elaine M. Grossman, “Military Is Embroiled In Debate Over

Who Should Guard United States,” Inside The Pentagon, 20 September 2001,

p.1, DOC 2001-37, RUN CHRON; Bfg Charts (U), NGB Air Directorate,

Subj.: “Air National Guard Update Brief As of 13 Sept 01,” 13 September

2001, DOC 2001-41, RUN CHRON.

953

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

954

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

955

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

956

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

957

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

958

Article (U), Adam J. Herbert, “NORAD Keeps Command Of Air National

Guard Combat Air Patrols,” InsideDefense.com, 18 September 2001, DOC

2001-35, RUN CHRON.

959

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xv, info used was (U).

960

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xv, info used was (U).

961

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, pp. xv-xvi, info used was (U).

962

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvi, info used was (U).

963

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvi, info used was (U).

964

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvi, info used was (U).

965

Endnote 84, Chapter VI, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

966

Article (U), DOD News Release No. 442-01, “National Guard, Reserve

Mobilization Issued For More Than 5,000,” w/attached Chart, 20 September

2001, www.defenselink.mil/news/Sep2001/b09202001_bt442-01.html, DOC

2001-56, RUN CHRON.

967

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvii, info used was (U).

968

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvii, info used was (U).

969

Article (U), James Dao, “A Nation Challenged: Hearts And Minds;

American Mission Takes to the Air, and the Airwaves,” The New York Times,

undated, http://query.nytimes.com/search/article-

page.html?=9BODE1DB1239F930A25750COA..., DOCUMENT # 9, Hist

(S/NF), 193

SOW, 1-31 March 2002, info used was (U).

970

Endnote 219, Chapter II, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

971

Article (U), Frank Wolfe, “Weaver: Tanker Modernization Greatest Need

For Air National Guard,” Defense Daily, 17 October 2001, p. 1, DOC 2001-50,

RUN CHRON.

972

Hist (U), 117

ARW, Alabama ANG, CY 2002, pp. 14-15.

973

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

974

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

182

975

Article (U), 1

Lt. Steve Alvarez, “Guard Fighters Fly Patrols To Protect

Space Shuttle Mission,” National Guard, February 2002, pp. 29-30.

976

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

977

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001- CY 2004, Appendix B, info used was

(U).

978

Article(U), C. Ray Hall, “123

Special Tactics Squadron Battle on Taku

Ghar, The Courier Journal,

http://www.pjsinnam,com/War_on_Terror/EF/Miller.htm, SD VII-19, Hist

(S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U); Article (U), Lisa

Daniel, In Harm’s Way,” National Guard, August 2002, pp. 20-24, SD VII-20,

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U); Email (U),

Maj, Jeremy Shoop, 123

STS Commander, KY ANG, to Dr. Charles J. Gross,

NGB, Subj.: “123

STS Heritage Portrait,” 21 February 2003, 4:02 PM, DOC

2003-17, RUN CHRON.

979

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

980

Article (U), “3 Air Bases To Get More Cargo Planes,” Los Angeles Times,

April 14, 2002.

981

Bfg Chart (U), Col. Bunting, ANG/DP, Subj.: “Personnel Force

Management,” undated, see SUPDOCS, Chapter VI, Hist (S/NOFORN),

ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

982

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xix, info used was (U).

983

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xix, info used was (U).

984

Bfg Chart (U), NGB, Subj.: “Guard Contributions to the National response

As Of: 21 May 2002,” undated DOC 2002-15, RUN CHRON.

985

Endnote 84, Chapter VI, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

986

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, pp. xix-xx, info used was (U).

987

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xx, info used was (U).

988

Article (U), Alaska National Guard release, “Rescue Squadron Flies 1,000

Miles to Save Filipino Sailor,” National Guard, September 2002, p. 98.

989

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xx, info used was (U).

990

Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review of the Chief National Guard Bureau, Fiscal

Year 1998,” undated, p. vii; Biography (U), United States Air Force,

Lieutenant General Russell C. Davis, current as of January 1999, SD I- 2,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000; S O AA-572 (U), NGB, Subj.:

"LIEUTENANT GENERAL (Select) RUSSELL C. DAVIS," 31 July 1998, SD

CHRON-10, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000; Newsletter Extract (U),

NGB, “Lieutenant General Russell C. Davis, Chief, National Guard Bureau,”

NGB Bulletin, No. 8-98, August 1998, p 1, SD I-82, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY

1998-CY 2000, Chart (U), NGB General Officer Management Office, “Former

Chiefs of the NGB,” undated, SD I-8, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000.

991

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xx (Chronology), info used

was (U).

992

Article (U), Suzann Chapman, Managing Editor, “USAF Extends 14,000

Reservists,” Air Force Magazine, September 2002, p. 14.

183

993

Article (U), 189

Airlift Wing release, “Airlift Wing Begins Training All

Active-Duty C-130 Loadmasters,” National Guard, September 2002, pp.96,

98.

994

Article (U), Associated Press, “24-Hour Fighter Coverage Resumed,” New

York Times, 7 September 2002, DOC 2002-9, RUN CHRON.

995

Article (U), Wayne Partridge, “B-1 Era At Base Comes To An End,” Macon

Telegraph, 18 September 2002, DOC 2002-14, RUN CHRON.

996

Article (U), Ron Laurenzo, “Time For Air National Guard To ‘Just Say

No’?,” Defense Week, 30 September 2002, p.2, DOC 2002-12, RUN CHRON.

997

Biographical Data (U), NASA, David A. Wolf, January 2006, “Astronauts”

file, ANG Historical Archives.

998

Article (U), MSgt. Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “New Aircraft Enable Squadron

to Expand its Worldwide Reach,” National Guard, February 2004, pp. 32-33.

999

Paper (U), Lt. Gen. Daniel James III, Director, ANG, Subj.: “VANGUARD:

The American Military Tradition’s Engagement Strategy,” 11 May 2003,

https://airguard.ang.af.mil/cf/vanguard.asp, DOC 2003-5, RUN CHRON.

1000

Hist (U), 111

FW, Pennsylvania ANG, CY 2002, p. 2.

1001

Article (U), Jim Garamone, Armed Forces Press Service, Armed Forces

Information Service News Articles, “Reserve, Active Components Will

‘Rebalance’,” 26 February 2003,

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Feb2003/n02262003_200302262.html, DOC

2003-12, RUN CHRON.

1002

Article (U), Sam Youngman, “Bredesen Sends Off Guard Unit With

Words Of Support, Comfort,” Memphis Commercial Appeal, 5 March 2003.

1003

Article (U) TSgt. Tammy Brubaker, 39 Wing Public Affairs, “NW Fighters

Say Final Goodbye To Incirlick,” 114

FW, SD ANG Newsletter,

Thunderbumper, May/June 2003, p.7, DOC 2003-4, RUN CHRON.

1004

Article (U), Jim Garamone, “Bush Gives Hussein 48 Hours to Leave

Iraq,” AFIS News Articles, 17 March 2003,

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/n03172003_200303173.html.

1005

Article (U, Vince Crawley, “Ousting Saddam,” Air Force Times, 7 April

2003, p. 8.

1006

Article (U), MSgt. Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “Idaho Guardsman falls in the

line of duty,” The On Guard, May 2003, p.4.

1007

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001- CY 2004, p. xxiii, info used was (U).

1008

Bfg Slide (U), NGB/CFS, “ONE: Operation Noble Eagle,” ANG 101

Briefing, 13 August 2003, DOC 2003-14, RUN CHRON.

1009

Bfg Slide (U), NGB/CFS, “OEF: Operation Enduring Freedom,” ANG 101

Briefing, 13 August 2003, DOC 2003-16, RUN CHRON.

1010

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxiii, info used was (U).

1011

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxiv, info used was (U).

1012

Memo (U), SECDEF Donald Rumsfeld for the Chief, NGB, Subj.: “Guard

Bureau Initiatives,” 30 July 2003, DOC 2003-13, RUN CHRON.

1013

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001- CY 2004, p. xxiv, info used was (U).

184

1014

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxiv, info used was (U).

1015

Endnote 3, Chapter IV, CY 2001- CY 2004 ANG History.

1016

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxv, info used was (U).

1017

Email (U), Lt Col. Wayne Gerrish, ANG/SII, to Charles Gross, NGB-PAI-

H, Subj.: “RE: Blended Predator Unit,” 25 July 2005, 3:19 PM, SD II-159,

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

1018

Article (U), Lt. Col. Ken Jones, Tennessee National Guard, “Air National

Guard Says Goodbye To Starlifter,” The On Guard, June 2004, p. 10.

1019

Article (U), NGAUS staff report, “Airlift Wing Joins Early-Season

Wildfire Battle From above,” National Guard, June 1994, p. 45.

1020

Article (U), Beth Ipsen, “Alaska American Military Tradition officially

takes over operation of Clear Air Force Station,” Fairbanks News Miner, 27

May 2004, SD CHRON-50, Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info

used was (U); Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, “Making the Switch from Active

duty to the National Guard,” The On Guard, May-June 2002, p. 14.

1021

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvi, info used was (U).

1022

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvi, info used was (U).

1024

Memo (U) Secretary of the Air Force and Chief of Staff, United States Air

Force, to All MAJCOM Commanders, Subj.: “Future Total Force

Implementation Plan,” 24 November 2004, SD II-64, p. 1, Hist (S/NOFORN),

ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

1025

Endnote 29, Chapter II, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

1026

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvii, info used was (U).

1027

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvii, info used was (U).

1028

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxviii, info used was (U).

1029

Brfg (U), PACOM, Subj.: “Operation Unified Assistance,”

n.d., UnifuedAssistanceBrief.ppt.; Article (U), Otto

Kreisher, “Operation Unified Assistance,” Air Force

Magazine, April 2005, pp 62-66.

1030

Rpt Extract (U), ANG/XPYI, “Air National Guard Facts And Figures,”

January 2006, p. 12, DOC 2006-6, RUN CHRON.

1031

Ltr (U), Maj. Gen. David P. Rataczk, Arizona ARNG, President, AGA, to

Gen. John P. Jumper, Chief of Staff, USAF, Subj.: AGA Concerns About FTF

Initiatives, 9 March 2005, DOC 2005-6, RUN CHRON.

1032

Article (U)”Air Force receives final Joint STARS,” Armed Forces Journal,

May 2005, p. 48.

1033

Article (U), Maj. Bernadette Dozier, Public Affairs,”C-130J Crew Tests

Skills,” The National Guard, 18 April 2005,

http://www.ngb.army.mil/news/story.asp?id=1544, DOC 2006-29.

1034

Article (U), Eric Schmitt, “Pentagon Seeks To Shut Down Dozens Of

Bases Across Nation,” New York Times, 14 May 2005, p. 1; News Release No.

469-05 (U), DOD, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs),

“DOD BRAC Recommendations Expected to Save Nearly $50 Billion,” 13 May

185

2005, DOC 2005-2, RUN CHRON; Paper (U), DOD, Subj.: “DOD Proposed

BRAC Actions [ANG], 13 May 2005,” Vol_I_PART_2_DOD_BRAC.pdf, DOC

2005-3, RUN CHRON.

1035

Article (U), Rich Tuttle, “C-130J Deployment To Middle East ‘Incredibly

Successful,’ Officer Says,” Aerospace Daily & Defense Report, 1 August 2005,

DOC 2005-10, RUN CHRON.

1036

CMSgt. David P. Anderson, Compiler, ANG Hurricane

Chronology, 2005, p 6 (endnote 18).

1037

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p. 7

(endnote 23).

1038

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 10

(Note 42).

1039

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p. 12

(note 49).

1040

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p, 12

(note 54).

1041

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 13

(note 58).

1042

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 14

(note 60).

1043

Article (U), Donna Mills, American Forces Press Service, American

Forces Information Service News Articles, DOD, “Guard, NORTHCOM

Respond to Hurricane Aftermath,” 30 August 2005,

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Aug2005/20050830_2570.html, DOC 2006-

8, RUN CHRON.

1044

Web Page (U), TSgt Mark Diamond, “AMC ‘Total Force

Rushes to Aid of Trapped Russian Sailors,” AMC-Total-Force-

Rushes-To-Aid-Trapped-Russian-Sailors-[Aug-2005].mht, 11

Aug 05.

1045

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 28

(note 153).

1046

Email (U), Daniel Donohue, NGB-PA, to Maj. Lorraine Januzelli, NGB-

PA, et. al., Subj.: “ANG Soundbite—Katrina,” 3 September 2005, 10:19 PM,

DOC 2005-5, RUN CHRON.

1047

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 33

(188).

1048

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 33

(note –none?).

1049

Memo (U), LTG H Steven Blum, Chief, NGB, to Secretary of Defense,

Thru Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense), Subj.: “National

Guard Response to Hurricane Katrina Recovery Efforts,” 5 September 2005,

DOC 2005-9, RUN CHRON.

1050

Email (U), Brig. Charles V. Ickes II, NGB/CF, to Col. Billy Asbell,

NGB/CFX, et. al., Subj.: ”FW:ANG C-130 Tail Count,” 7 September 2005, 4:11

PM, DOC 2005-6, RUN CHRON.

186

1051

Article (U), Deb Riechmann, Associated Press, “Bush Endorses Plan To

Close 22 Bases,” Washington Post, 16 September 2005, p. 4.

1052

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 14

(note 62).

1053

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 50

(note 315).

1054

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 52

(note 328).

1055

Article (U) Ceci Connolly and Sylvia Moreno, “Texas Coast Braces For

Rita,” Washington Post, 22 September 2005.

1056

CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p. 55

(note 346).

1057

Memo (U), Deputy Secretary of Defense to Secretary of the Army and

Acting Secretary of the Air Force, Subj.: “Hurricane Rita Relief Efforts,” 22

September 2005, DOC 2005-7, RUN CHRON.

1058

Article (U), Bill Scammon, “Bush Seeks To Federalize Emergencies,” The

Washington Times, 27 September 2005, p. 1.

1059

Email (U), NGB-PA to Allura Ellington, NGB-PA, et al., Subj.: “181

Fighter Wing Story,” 30 September 2005, 10:05 AM, DOC 2005-12, RUN

CHRON.

1060

Paper (U), CMSgt David P. Anderson, ANG History Office, Subj.: “ANG

Airlift: Hurricane Katrina/Rita, 30 August to 29 November 2005,” ca

September 2006, DOC 2006-28.

1061

Article (U), Ryan Lengerich, “122

Fighter Wing lands at air base in

Iraq,” CentreDaily.com, 24 January 2006, DOC 2006-8, RUN CHRON;

Article (U), Dogen Hannah, “U.S. fighter aircraft in Iraq have an unusual

mission: reconnaissance,” Knight-Ridder Newspapers, 23 February 2006,

DOC 2006-9, RUN CHRON.

1062

Article (U), Robert Pear, “Bush Policies Are Weakening National Guard,

Governors Say,” New York Times, 27 February 2006, DOC 2006-14, RUN

CHRON.

1063

Memo (U), Michael W. Wynne, Secretary of the Air Force, et. al., for

National Guard Adjutants General, AFRC/CV, Subj.: “Initial Total Force

Integration – Phase II,” 27 February 2006, w/atch (FOUO), “Intial Total

Force Integration Plan – Phase II,” info used was (U), DOC 2006-16, RUN

CHRON.

1064

Article (U), Jim VandeHei and Jonathan Wiseman, “On Immigration,

Bush Seeks ‘Middle Ground’, “ Washington Post, 16 May 2006, p. 1, DOC

2006-11, RUN CHRON.

1065

SO AAG-036 (U), Department of the Air Force, Headquarters, U.S. Air

Force, 19 May 2006, DOC 2006-22, RUN CHRON; SO AA-549 (U),

Department of the Army and the Air Force, National Guard Bureau, 19 May

2006, DOC 2006-23, RUN CHRON.

1066

Article (U), Sgt. Jim Greenhill, NGB-PA “Operation Jump Start:

187

Hardening the southern border,” The On Guard, July 2006, p. 1.

1067

Article U), Associated Press, “Guard Troops Begin Trek To Border Under

Bush Plan,” Arizona Republic, 16 June 2006, DOC 2006-13, RUN CHRON.

1068

Article (U), Amy Schlesing, “Air Base Has A Hand In New Kind Of Unit,”

Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, 9 July 2006,

http://ebird.afis.mil/ebfiles/e20060711445110.html, DOC 2006-15, RUN

CHRON.

1069

Article (U), SSgt Adrianne Li. Wilson, “Air National Guard Readiness

Center receives Excellent,” Capital Flyer, 11 August 2006, pp. 1, 5.

1070

Article (U), Marc V. Schanz, Associate Editor, “ANG Dedicates New

Intel Center” Air Force Magazine, October 2006, p. 17.

1071

Article (U), Staff Sgt, Cheryl Hackley, NGB, “Air Readiness Center

renamed; scores ‘excellent’ inspection,” The On Guard, October 2006, p. 3.

1072

Email Extract(U), Mr Emanuel Pacheco, NGB-PA, to Emanuel Pacheco,

et. al., Subj.: “Today’s Guardwatch – September 14,2006,” 14 September

2006, 9:06 AM, w/Atch: “Guard group urges members to fight federalization

plan,” Air Force Times, 13 September 2006, DOC 2006-7, RUN CHRON.

1073

News Item (U), “ANG Gets Rapid Air Base Group,” Air Force Magazine,

February 2007, p. 22.

1074

News Item (U), “ANG Opens Predator Operations,” Air Force Magazine,

February 2007, p. 18.

1075

Article (U), AFPN, “Wyoming Air Guard dropping hay for Colorado

cattle,” Air Force Print News Today, 4 January 2007,,

http://www.af.mil/news/story_print?storyID=123036734, DOC 2007-1.

1076

Column (U), “News Notes,” Air Force Magazine, March

2007, pp 24-25, DOC 2007-6.